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八上 Unit 5 Reading Plus 知识点归纳
一、单词表（重点 & 核心词汇，分主题归类）
（一）食物、披萨相关
pizza / pi ts /n. 披萨
fast food 快餐
flat bread 扁平面饼
cheese /t i z/n. 奶酪
oil / l/n. 油
olive oil 橄榄油
tomato sauce 番茄酱
vegetable / ved t bl/n. 蔬菜
topping / t p /n. 配料；浇头
ingredient / n ɡri di nt/n. 原料；食材
（二）国家、民族、地域
Greek /ɡri k/n. 希腊人 adj. 希腊的
Italian / t li n/n. 意大利人 adj. 意大利的
Persian / p n/n. 波斯人 adj. 波斯的
Roman / r m n/n. 罗马人 adj. 罗马的
Naples / ne plz/n. 那不勒斯
Italy / t li/n. 意大利
America / mer k /n. 美国
local / l kl/adj. 当地的
（三）历史、时间相关
ancient / e n nt/adj. 古代的
modern / m dn/adj. 现代的
thousands of years ago 数千年前
more than 2,000 years ago 两千多年前
in the 1700s 在 18 世纪
（四）人物、赛事、纪录
movie star 电影明星
athlete / θli t/n. 运动员
competition / k mp t n/n. 比赛；竞赛
World Pizza Games 世界披萨大赛
world record 世界纪录
（五）数量、长度单位
billion / b lj n/num. 十亿
kilometre /k l m t (r)/n. 千米；公里
（六）动作动词
depend /d pend/v. 取决于
lead /li d/v. 导致；引领
cook /k k/v. 烹饪；烹制
（七）评价、通用形容词
popular / p pj l (r)/adj. 受欢迎的
famous / fe m s/adj. 著名的
long /l /adj. 长的
different / d fr nt/adj. 不同的
（八）其他名词
photograph / f t ɡrɑ f/n. 照片
style /sta l/n. 风格；款式
area / e ri /n. 地区；区域
二、核心单词词性转换 & 变形
名词复数
vegetable → vegetables；ingredient → ingredients；topping → toppings；photograph → photographs；competition → competitions；athlete → athletes；area → areas
动词 名词
compete v. 竞赛 → competition n. 比赛
lead v. 导致；引领 → leader n. 领导者
cook v. 烹饪 → cooker n. 炊具 /cook n. 厨师
photograph n. 照片 → photography n. 摄影
形容词变形
popular adj. 受欢迎的 → popularity n. 流行；人气
differ v. 不同 → different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 差异
local adj. 当地的 → locally adv. 在当地
ancient adj. 古代的 → anciently adv. 在远古时期
modern adj. 现代的 → modernly adv. 现代化地
国家 / 人 / 形容词转换
Italy n. 意大利 → Italian n. 意大利人 adj. 意大利的
Greece n. 希腊 → Greek n. 希腊人 adj. 希腊的
Persia n. 波斯 → Persian n. 波斯人 adj. 波斯的
Rome n. 罗马 → Roman n. 罗马人 adj. 罗马的
形容词最高级
popular — most popular 最受欢迎的
long — longest 最长的
动词三单、过去式、过去分词
depend → depends → depended → depended
lead → leads → led → led
cook → cooks → cooked → cooked
三、单元重点语块 / 固定短语
1. 核心主题短语
one of the most popular fast foods 最受欢迎的快餐之一
billions of … 数十亿……
come from 源自；来自
read on 继续往下读
find out 弄清楚；查明
thousands of years ago 数千年前
flat bread 扁平面饼
put … on … 把…… 铺在…… 上面
depend on 取决于
have one thing in common 有一个共同点
ancient form 古代雏形
go back to 追溯到
olive oil 橄榄油
tomato sauce 番茄酱
all over the world 全世界
movie stars 电影明星
famous athletes 知名运动员
lead to 导致；引发
all kinds of 各种各样的
world records 世界纪录
for example 例如
local pizzas 当地特色披萨
pizza style 披萨口味 / 款式
2. 写作答题万能搭配
eat billions of pizzas every year 每年食用数十亿份披萨
different ingredients from different areas 各地不同的食材
the ancient form of pizza 披萨的古老雏形
modern pizza 现代披萨
become popular across the world 在全球流行
photos of stars with pizza 明星与披萨的合照
set a new world record 创造新的世界纪录
the world’s longest pizza 世界最长披萨
cook your own pizza 自制披萨
四、四大核心语法 & 长难句考点
语法 1：one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词
one of the most popular fast foods 最受欢迎的快餐之一
语法 2：数字表达
大数：5 billion pizzas 五十亿份披萨（billion 前有数字不加 s）
billions of pizzas 数十亿份披萨（模糊数量加 s+of）
长度：over 1.9 kilometres long 长达 1.9 公里以上
世纪表达：in the 1700s 在 18 世纪
语法 3：宾语从句（特殊疑问词引导）
But where did pizza come from and what makes it so popular
语法 4：with 复合结构作后置定语
it became a popular food all over the world, with different pizzas from different places
语法 5：and 连接并列谓语，lead to 固定搭配
Photographs of stars helped it become popular, and that led to competitions.
高频长难句拆解
Do you know pizza is one of the most popular fast foods in the world
考点：宾语从句省略 that；one of + 最高级 + 复数名词
The ingredients depended on the area, but there was one thing in common: Everyone put the toppings on some type of bread.
考点：depend on 固定搭配；in common 固定短语；冒号解释说明
Our modern pizza goes back to the Romans more than 2,000 years ago.
考点：go back to 追溯到；时间段表达
Photographs of movie stars and famous athletes with pizza helped it become more and more popular, and that led to competitions.
考点：help sb./sth. (to) do；比较级 more and more；lead to 导致
五、核心阅读答题句型
概括文章主旨
This passage introduces the long history of pizza and explains why it becomes popular worldwide, including its ancient origins, development in Italy and global spread, as well as pizza competitions and world records.
披萨起源梳理
Thousands of years ago, Greeks, Italians and Persians first put vegetables, oil and cheese on flat bread, which was the early form of pizza. Modern pizza dates back to ancient Romans. In the 1700s, tomato cheese pizza became popular in Naples, Italy.
全球流行过程
Italians brought pizza to America, and it soon spread all over the world with various local styles. Photos of stars eating pizza made it even more famous and created pizza competitions like the World Pizza Games.
文中事例
In 2017, people set a new world record by making the longest pizza, which was more than 1.9 kilometres long.
个人感悟写作句
Food has a long history and carries different local cultures. As it spreads around the world, it mixes with local tastes and creates new special styles.
六、易混词辨析 & 反义词
反义词
ancient 古代的 modern 现代的
different 不同的 same 相同的
local 当地的 global 全球的
易混辨析
billion /billions of
数字 + billion（无 s）：5 billion people
billions of（有 s）：billions of people 数十亿人
ingredient /topping
ingredient 制作食物全部原料；topping 铺在食物表面的配料
cook /cooker
cook n. 厨师 v. 烹饪；cooker n. 锅、炊具
lead to /result in
两者都表 “导致”，后接结果；lead to 本文原文搭配
all over the world /around the world 同义，全世界
七、写作万能素材（美食历史短文）
范文 1 复述课文内容
Pizza is among the world’s most popular fast foods, with five billion pizzas eaten every year. Its history is very long. Thousands of years ago, people from Greece, Persia and Italy put food on flat bread, which was the earliest pizza. Modern pizza appeared over 2,000 years ago among Romans. In the 1700s, tomato and cheese pizza got popular in Naples. Later, Italians took pizza to America and it spread globally. Pictures of stars eating pizza made it hotter and brought pizza contests. People even set a record for the world’s longest pizza in 2017. Every place now has its own special local pizza.
范文 2 美食文化评价
Pizza is more than simple fast food. It has thousands of years of history and travels across many countries. As it moves to new places, it takes in local ingredients and creates new flavours. It connects different cultures and becomes a favourite food for people of all ages.
范文 3 主旨升华通用段
Every popular food has a long history. It changes as it travels to different areas and mixes with local culture. Food is a special way to show the beauty of different cultures around the world.

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