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上海南汇中学
2025-2026学年第一学情高二英语期末测试卷
一、语法填空
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
China Railway Adds Late-night Trains for Concertgoers
China Railway Beijing Group has rolled out late-night high-speed trains designed for concertgoers, reflecting how the nation’s rail system ___1___ (adapt) to the booming “concert economy.”
In the early hours of Monday, two special trains departed from Beijing South Railway Station — G4735 to Shanghai at 0:30 am and C2291 to Tianjin at 0:23 am — carrying hundreds of fans ___2___ (return) after pop artist David Tao's concert at the National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest. Carriages ___3___ posters and souvenirs from the show were decorated created an immersive fan atmosphere.
___4___ the company, the service marked the first time Beijing railway authorities introduced overnight trains tailored to concert crowds. Traditionally, such late-night high-speed services are added only ___5___ major holiday peaks such as Spring Festival or National Day. Extending them to concerts illustrates ___6___ railways are fine-tuning operations to meet new patterns of demand.
To ensure smooth journeys, Beijing South Station set up waiting areas expanded security checks, and increased staff at ticket counters and platforms, which were all devoted to ___7___ (serve) passengers. Each special train had additional supervisors to maintain order. Onboard, the Shanghai-bound train stocked extra medicines, water, blankets and eye masks, while staff on the Tianjin service focused on safety and helping fans handle luggage after the late-night excitement.
The move comes amid a surge in live entertainment across China. Recent months have seen a string of large-scale concerts and festivals, from ___8___ pop band Mayday’s “5525” and singer JJ Lin’s “JJ20” world tour in Beijing to summer music festivals nationwide. Such events have, fueled spikes in local hotel bookings, restaurant sales and retail consumption.
The national railway system ___9___ (commit) to adapting services to market demand over a considerable duration. By working closely with event organizers, enhancing capacity and offering tailored services, China’s expanding railway system aims to facilitate the country’s economy. As concerts continue to draw massive crowds, fan-special night trains highlight the flexibility and responsiveness of the system that is increasingly shaping — not just serving — ___10___ (smart) travel demand.
二、选词填空
Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. defined B. range C. typical D. exposure E. struggling F. conflicting G. shift H. trend I. mental J. social K. discrimination
Girls are Starting Puberty (青春期) Younger
More girls are hitting puberty at eight or earlier. Researchers are exploring the causes, the consequences and what should be done.(by Cassandra Willyard)
When Lola was eight years old, she went through a massive growth spurt and started developing acne and a visit to an endocrinologist in 2023 confirmed that Lola’s brain was already producing hormones that had kick-started puberty. Lola had also been ___11___ emotionally. “She would have panic attacks every day at school,” says Elise, who lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Although eight might seem young to start puberty, it’s not as rare as it once was. Data show that girls around the world are entering puberty younger than before. Some research hints that the ___12___ mysteriously accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Although some data suggest that puberty is happening earlier for boys too, the ___13___ seems to be less pronounced.)
Scientists have found a ___14___ of possible drivers for this change, with increasing body weight and obesity almost certainly playing a part. Some researchers suspect that ___15___ to hormone-disrupting chemicals or stress during childhood could be pushing puberty earlier, but studies have produced ___16___ results. The trend has prompted the international organization the Endocrine Society to develop clinical-practice guidelines on puberty, to be published in mid-2026. The guidelines will reconsider how to treat girls on the border between ___17___ and ‘precocious’ puberty (早熟), which has commonly been ___18___ as before the age of eight in girls, but that some specialists argue it should be younger.
Research over the past few years is also making the health risks of early puberty increasingly clear. Studies have linked it to greater risk of conditions including obesity, heart disease, depression and anxiety. Other research suggests that children who go through puberty earlier are more likely to experience intense ___19___ because of their race or ethnicity, or otherwise be treated differently from their peers.
Families, researchers and clinicians are now trying to work out how best to adapt and when to intervene. This might involve medications to pause the process, but also better support and puberty education for children to protect them from some of the psychological and ___20___ risks. “We want to intervene right in that moment before people start internalizing some of those feelings of being othered,” says Michael Curtis, a family social scientist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
三、完形填空
The Best Night-sky Apps
A magenta aurora borealis(品红色的北极光) could be seen as far south as Florida and ___21___ was I at that time Indoors and not paying enough attention. ___22___, there are multiple apps for that.
“Many visitors come to Dark Sky Parks for a chance to see the Milky Way, since 80 percent of Americans can't see it from their hometown,” says Jackie Rabb, a Mesa Verde National Park ranger and night sky lead at this ___23___ International Dark Sky Park. Apps can help you “figure out the best time to view it and help you ___24___ the idea that the stars move throughout the day and night.” Some apps allow you to scroll ahead ___25___ to see how the sky will appear that night. “That can really ___26___ visitors to be prepared for what they will see when the sun goes down,” says Rabb.
A(An) ___27___ challenge for dark sky program leaders and participants is that the sky “changes all the time, and you have to stay on top of it,” says Daniel Huecker, field director for the Sequoia Parks Conservancy, the “booster club” for California’s Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park. “That's where these digital tools have been ___28___.” The conservancy ___29___ stargazing, moon-gazing and “wonders of the night sky” experiences at the park.
Should you look at apps while you’re stargazing Rangers and guides have differing opinions.
“If you've never seen the dark sky before — like most people — it can be ___30___,” says ranger Jimmy Burch, who runs weekly star parties at Dead Horse State Park in Utah, designated as a Dark Sky Park by DarkSky International. “There are so many stars shining above that you might not be able to pick out even the Big Dipper (北斗七星).” Having their phone in hand helps to ___31___ some people, he says. “You can maintain a connection with the nature around you while using your comfort blanket of your phone.” Dead Horse sometimes ___32___ nearby Canyonlands National Park and Arches National Park for events, like the Southeast Utah AstroFest.
Rabb, however, ___33___ the fact that “an app might make new stargazers at a loss,” and recommends attending a ranger or expert-led presentation first to “get a strong ___34___ for viewing the night sky in the future.” Mesa Verde protects nearly 5,000 Ancestral Pueblo archeology sites and includes ___35___ night sky stories in many of their guided experiences.
21. A．who B．where C．how D．when
22. A．Undoubtedly B．Additionally C．Thankfully D．Otherwise
23. A．certified B．private C．well-known D．peculiar
24. A．eliminate B．recall C．conceptualize D．handle
25. A．from time to time B．in no time C．in time D．on time
26. A．persuade B．help C．encourage D．force
27. A．comparative B．daunting C．irrelevant D．core
28. A．superior B．splendid C．complicated D．severe
29. A．asserts B．cancels C．restores D．runs
30. A．stimulating B．appealing C．overwhelming D．frightening
31. A．ground B．promote C．inspire D．suit
32. A．is against B．partners with C．meets with D．conveys to
33. A．is convinced of B．is concerned about C．is particular about D．is associated with
34. A．foundation B．confidence C．movement D．exploration
35. A．modified B．disappeared C．indigenous D．estimated
四、阅读理解
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。
A
JINAN — At 4 p.m., more than 30 students practice basic archery (射箭) techniques in the Jinxiu Cheng Primary School training room in Jinan, the capital of East China’s Shandong province. “Keep your hands steady. Even slight movements may affect fluidity,” says Li Weibin, head coach of the school’s archery club, as he corrects the students’ posture.
Li, who competed twice in China’s National Games and won the men’s title at the 2006 National Outdoor Archery Championships, became a physical education teacher at the primary school after retiring from professional sports through a special recruitment program, bringing his elite experience to the campus.
Archery is not only an official event at the Summer Olympic Games, but also a traditional Chinese sport with a history dating back more than a thousand years. It evolved from hunting to recreation and then into a competitive discipline. According to Li, introducing archery to primary schools helps identify and nurture young talent, promotes traditional culture, and diversifies school sports beyond ball games.
Drawing on his professional background, Li selects students during regular PE classes who have suitable physical conditions and interest to join the archery club, where he provides systematic training from basic techniques to competition-oriented practice.
36. The meaning of “fluidity” in the first paragraph of the passage may refer to ________.
A．the level of the focus in learning archery
B．the judgment of referees in archery competitions
C．the coach’s way of correcting students’ posture
D．the performance of arrows during the process of competitions
37. The correct statement about Coach Li in the following situations is that ________.
A．Li is the most skilled archer in the local area of Jinan
B．Li has participated in China’s National Games
C．Li has won many championships in various archery competitions
D．Li was selected as a PE teacher through many layers of screening by the school
38. ________ is the main reason why Li is dedicated to bringing archery skills into school.
A．The great attention that archery has received at the Summer Olympic Games
B．The ability to attract students’ interest in ball sports through archery
C．The popular traditional culture that archery has turned to be in China
D．The undergoing technological changes and updating applications of archery
39. According to the passage, Coach Li may choose to ________ in his future career.
A．become a professional archery athlete again
B．continue to major in the school’s teaching tasks of PE
C．serving as a member of the Jinan Archery Association
D．be responsible for cultivating good candidates of competitions
B
Travelling around the bank holidays is a great way to boost your annual leave — by booking time off strategically, you can enjoy longer breaks without eating into your holiday allowance. Here are the bank holiday dates to look out for in 2026 if you want to make more out of your time off.
What are the bank holiday dates in England and Wales for 2026
Date Holiday Date Holiday
Thursday, January 1 New Year’s Day Monday, May 25 Spring bank holiday
Friday, April 3 Good Friday Monday, August 31 Summer bank holiday
Monday, April 6 Easter Monday Friday, December 25 Christmas Day
Monday, May 4 Early May bank holiday Monday, December 28 Boxing Day
The most effective way to use the bank holidays
Making the most of bank holidays is all about taking off strategic days around them so you can tag on the weekends. This will let you take a longer chunk of time off without having to use as much of your holiday allowance.This is especially true around Christmas and new year when the cluster of bank holidays makes it easy to have a couple of weeks off.
Different bank holidays in different regions of the UK
There are four nations in the UK and the number of bank holidays for each one is different. England and Wales have eight bank holidays a year while Scotland enjoys nine and Northern Ireland has ten.The next bank holiday in England, Wales and Scotland is April 3, Good Friday. But for Northern Ireland it’s March 17, St Patrick’s Day. In some years, there have also been additional bank holidays due to special events, such as the King’s coronation in 2023.
40. What's the main advantage of traveling around bank holidays
A．It can help people save money on travel costs.
B．It helps people avoid crowded tourist attractions.
C．It lets people enjoy more special events during holidays.
D．It allows people to get longer breaks without using too much holiday allowance.
41. Lily is an engineer in Ireland (excluding weekends and bank holidays, she can take an additional 4 days off each month). In 2026, if Lily wants to visit the Maldives, where the weather will be perfect in April, she can take up to ________ consecutive days off.
A．14 B．16 C．18 D．20
42. What can be inferred from the passage about bank holidays in the UK
A．Scotland observes exactly the same bank holidays as England and Wales.
B．Northern Ireland’s unique bank holidays are related to its local history.
C．The UK government plans to standardize bank holidays across all regions by 2026.
D．Businesses in the UK are legally required to close on all bank holidays
C
Scientists have created the best ever map of dark matter (暗物质) using subtle distortions in the shape of about 250,000 galaxies. It could help us understand some of the biggest mysteries in the universe.
Dark matter is extraordinarily hard to map because, true to its name, it doesn’t emit any light that we can detect. It only interacts with regular matter through its gravitational pull, so that is what researchers use to figure out where it is. Jacqueline McCleary at Northeastern University in Massachusetts and her colleagues used the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to do so, examining an area of sky slightly bigger than the full moon.
“It is a very high-resolution picture of the scaffolding of this little corner of the universe,” says McCleary. The resolution (分辨率) of the map is about twice as high as previous ones made with the Hubble Space Telescope, and it includes structures much further from Earth.
This mind-blowing map shows Earth’s position within the vast universe To make this map, the researchers examined the shapes of about 250,000 galaxies – but it isn’t their inherent shape that is interesting. “Those galaxies (星系) are basically the universal wallpaper,” says Liliya Williams at the University of Minnesota, who wasn’t involved in the analysis. Instead, what’s important is how the gravity of dark matter between the telescope and the “wallpaper” warps the light of the galaxies, in a process called gravitational lensing (引力透镜): the further the average shape of the distant galaxies is from circular, the more dark matter lies between them and us.
By analyzing these differences in shape, the researchers mapped out huge clusters of galaxies, along with the strings of the universal web that connects them. Some of these structures didn’t match up with anything we had previously seen while observing regular, or luminous, matter, indicating that they must be dominated by dark matter. “To identify many of these structures over a wide field, gravitational lensing is one of very, very few techniques, and definitely the best,” says Williams.
This is important because dark matter makes up about 85 per cent of the total matter in the universe, so it is crucial to the evolution of not only galaxies and galaxy clusters, but also the cosmos as a whole. Building a map of its distribution could help us nail down how it behaves and what exactly it is made of, says Williams.
43. The researchers create the map of dark matter mainly through ________.
A．Observing the light emitted by dark matter directly
B．Analyzing the slight shape changes of about 250,000 galaxies
C．Measuring the gravitational pull of regular matter in the universe
D．Comparing the resolution of JWST and Hubble Space Telescope
44. Which of the following statements about dark matter is TRUE according to the passage
A．It makes up 85 per cent of the total matter in the universe
B．It interacts with regular matter through shining radiation
C．Its distribution map has already explained its exact composition
D．It can be easily detected by traditional astronomical telescopes
45. We infer from the passage about gravitational lensing that ________.
A．it is the only technique to identify dark matter structures in the universe
B．it helps researchers find dark matter by warping the light of distant galaxies
C．it works better when the shape of distant galaxies is perfectly circular
D．it was first discovered by Jacqueline McCleary and her research team
46. What is the main idea of the passage
A．To introduce the differences between JWST and Hubble Space Telescope
B．To explain why dark matter is hard to detect in the universe
C．To present the creation and significance of the best dark matter map so far
D．To discuss the evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters in the universe
六选四
Greenland is Important for Global Research
Geopolitics made Greenland the unexpected focus of the world’s attention. But the territory has long been a unique region for science.
The history of research in Greenland includes science stemming from Inuit traditional knowledge, European polar explorations and US military expeditions. 47 By the 1990s, the island had become a global centre for climate-change research, after European- and US-led teams drilled ice cores deep into Greenland’s ice sheet to reveal past changes in climate.
Today, climate scientists from around the world measure, analyse and predict changes in Greenland’s ice sheet. 48 Last year, it lost an estimated 129 billion tonnes of ice, and it is responsible for around 20% of current sea-level rise, or about 0.8 millimetres a year.
But “Greenland is about more than just ice and climate indicators”, says a 2022 document from Greenland's government that laid out its first-ever research strategy. 49 And Greenland is a unique place for genetic and biomedical research, given that its mostly Inuit population has been living around the edges of an icy island for millennia; that physical isolation led to genomic and other changes unlike anywhere else in the world.
The 2022 plan, which lays out the island’s research priorities up to 2030, emphasized that research needs to be anchored in Greenland and to respond to social needs. 50
A．If Greenland’s ice sheet melted completely, it would cause the global sea level to rise by 7.4 metres.
B．Greenland became a global hub for climate-change research mainly because of its unique Inuit culture.
C．Greenland’s 2022 research strategy is the first one released by its government.
D．The island is a key site for geological research due to its special geology and rich critical raw materials.
E．The 2022 research plan requires findings to be accessible to all and supports international cooperation.
F．Greenland’s Inuit population has genetic similarities to people living in other Arctic regions.
五、概要写作
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Science Why Chia Seeds (奇亚籽) are a Superfood
Chia seeds are full of fiber (纤维素) and protein. Here’s how to make them easier on your digestive tract.
Don’t let their diminutive size deceive you: Chia seeds are absolutely packed with nutrients, “There’s nothing negative about them,” says Keith Ayoob, a registered dietitian-nutritionist in New York City and an associate professor emeritus of pediatrics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “They’re loaded with a lot of the things people are missing.”
These dark gray, egg-shaped seeds come from the desert plants were once believed to be a staple in the ancient Aztec diet in Central America. “We have scientific evidence that they’re good for gut and cardiovascular health, including blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol,” says Wendy Bazilian, a nutrition and wellness expert in San Diego and host of the 1,000 Waking Minutes podcast. Indeed, some scientists have called chia seeds “a therapeutic weapon against metabolic disorders.”
Not everyone knows how to consume chia seeds. Chia seeds absorb ten times their weight in water, according to Dawn Jackson Blatner. Because of this, experts often recommend soaking them in liquid before consuming them; otherwise, the seeds could cause bloating or other forms of gastrointestinal discomfort. “Soaking makes it more likely that they’ll feel good in the digestive tract,” Blatner says, “and you will feel more full if you soak them first.” That’s because as they absorb water, chia seeds expand and develop a gelatinous texture.
If you’re going to soak them, combine cup chia seeds with a cup of milk or water and let the mixture sit for at least 10 minutes, Ayoob suggests, although you can soak them overnight.
“But don’t get too hung up on the soaking — that gets in the way of people using them,” Blatner says. In lieu of soaking, you can sprinkle dry chia seeds on yogurt, cereal, salads, or vegetables. Just be sure to drink plenty of fluids as you consume them — otherwise, “they’re going to swell up somewhere down the GI tract,” Ayoob says.
If you do decide to add chia seeds to your diet, it’s important to consume them regularly. “A superfood can’t be a one-trick pony,” Bazilian says. “You need to be able to eat enough of it, and chia seeds are versatile.”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、翻译
52. 他宣称自己有足够的把握带领这座城市脱离当下的经济危机，重现昔日的荣光。（claim）(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
53. 这部喜剧电影巧妙地融合了有意思的情节与幽默的对话，让观众在笑声中感受到生活的趣味与温暖。（amuse）(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
54. 中国启动了一项为期五年的行动计划，以改善儿童和青少年的整体健康；该计划针对五个关键问题，如肥胖、近视和心理健康障碍。（launch）(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
55. 最终James做出了让步，同意Jack再过两个月还清之前欠的5000美元债务，但如若继续延期，他必将追查到底并采取合理的措施来保障自身的利益。 (compromise) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
七、书信写作
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近些年来，外国人渐渐地开始接纳中国文化，2025年新春佳节，许许多多的外国人以丰富多彩的方式参与并庆祝这一中华传统节日，全球“中国年”的氛围愈发浓厚，有一位外国青年不禁感叹：We come from different countries and speak different languages, yet in this sea of red, we’ve found a shared rhythm.
结合上述内容，请在以下两则作文题目中任选一题习作：
题目1： 临近2026年新春佳节，我校迎来了几位英国交换生，这是他们第一次体验中国农历新年，请你以“春节文化导览员”的身份，为他们设计一份为期春节体验计划。
要求：(1)需阐明具体的活动安排与保障措施；(2)择项解释活动安排的初衷。
题目2： 近年来，我国部分地区出台规定，禁止学校. 机关单位等组织过圣诞节. 万圣节等西方节日，强调“大力弘扬传统文化，完全杜绝西方文化”，这与全球多地出现外国人自发庆祝春节的热潮截然相反。请结合上述内容，谈谈你对这种反差的看法。
要求：(1)阐述你的具体观点并说明理由；(2)结合自身经历补充观点。
(请说明所选的作文题目，格式如下：我选择题目________【选填“1”或“2”】)
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参考答案
一、语法填空
1. has adapted / is adapting
2. returning
3. with
4. According to
5. for
6. how
7. serving
8. the
9. has been committed
10. smarter
二、选词填空
11.E 12.H 13.G 14.B 15.D 16.F 17.C 18.A 19.K 20.I
三、完形填空
21.B 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.A 35.C
四、阅读理解
36.D 37.B 38.C 39.D
40.D 41.B 42.B
43.B 44.A 45.B 46.C
七选五：47.F 48.A 49.D 50.E
五、概要写作范文
Chia seeds, rich in fiber and protein, benefit people’s physical health greatly. Experts suggest soaking them in liquid before eating to avoid stomach discomfort, while dry seeds are also acceptable with enough water. Besides, people should take them regularly for good effects.
六、翻译答案
52. He claimed that he was fully confident that he could lead the city out of the current economic crisis and restore its former glory.
53. This comedy film skillfully combines interesting plots and humorous dialogues, amusing audiences and letting them feel the fun and warmth of life amid laughter.
54. China has launched a five-year action plan to improve the overall health of children and adolescents, targeting five key issues such as obesity, myopia and mental health disorders.
55. In the end, James made a compromise and agreed that Jack could pay off the previous $5,000 debt he owed in another two months. However, if the payment was delayed further, he would investigate thoroughly and take reasonable measures to safeguard his own interests.
七、书信写作范文
范文1（选题目1）
A Spring Festival Experience Plan for British Exchange Students
As a Spring Festival cultural guide, I’ve designed a complete experience plan for our British exchange students.
On New Year’s Eve, we will make dumplings together in the school canteen and watch the Spring Festival Gala after dinner. The next day, we’ll visit a local Spring Festival temple fair to appreciate paper-cutting, sugar-figure making and other traditional crafts. We will also prepare red envelopes for them as lucky gifts.
We will arrange student volunteers to accompany them all the time to solve any problems in communication or daily life.
These activities are arranged to let them feel the warmth of family reunion and the charm of traditional Chinese folk culture.
范文2（选题目2）
Nowadays, foreigners worldwide celebrate Chinese New Year warmly, while some places ban public organizations from holding Western festival activities, causing a sharp contrast. In my opinion, we should neither reject Western culture completely nor ignore our own traditions.
It’s reasonable to promote our traditional culture, which carries our history and national spirit. But totally banning Western festivals is improper. Different cultures can communicate and learn from each other. When I was in junior high, we held a Halloween costume party, where we shared foreign customs and broadened our horizons.
We should take the essence of foreign culture while carrying forward our fine traditional culture, achieving harmonious cultural exchange.

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