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译林版（新教材）九年级上册Unit 3 Never give up
单元核心语法精讲精练
核心语法：时间状语从句
知识点1 核心语法讲解
时间状语从句，指在复合句中充当时间状语，用于说明主句动作发生时间的从句。
引导词主要有 before、after、when、while、since、till、until、as soon as、whenever。
写作标点规范：时间状语从句置于句首时，通常用逗号与主句隔开；置于主句之后时，一般不加逗号。
引导词 中文含义 核心使用规则 例句与解析
before 在……之前 主句动作发生时间早于从句动作； 将来场景遵循主将从现；过去场景主从句统一使用过去时态 I checked my plan before I started training. 解析：训练之前先检查计划。
after 在……之后 主句动作发生时间晚于从句动作；时态规则同before I went to school after I finished my breakfast. 解析：吃完早饭之后去上学。
when 当……时 从句谓语动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，适用范围更广 When I heard the news, I felt excited. 解析：hear为短暂动作，可以用when引导。
while 在……期间；当……的时候 从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词；强调主从句动作同步持续进行 While Mia was preparing for the race, she hurt her ankle. 解析：prepare为延续动作，备赛的这段时间里发生意外。
since 自从……以来 since从句用一般过去时，主句使用现在完成时have/has done； 从句动词短暂、延续均可 I have kept this goal since I was ten. 解析：十岁是过去起点，坚持目标持续到现在。
till / until 直到……为止 1. until更正式，书面常用； 句首一般只用until，till多用于非正式口语 2. 肯定句：主句谓语必须为延续性动词 3. 否定结构 not…till/until：直到……才……，常搭配短暂动词，动作在从句时间点才启动 ① She kept practising until the gym closed. 解析：practise是延续动词，练习持续到体育馆关门。 ② I did not stop until I finished the last task. 解析：完成任务之后，才停下。
as soon as 一……就…… 前后动作紧密衔接； 将来场景严格遵循主将从现 As soon as Mia felt better, she returned to the training ground. 解析：身体好转后立刻回到训练场。
whenever 每当；无论何时 强调动作反复发生，同义替换短语：every time Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of my goal. 解析：任何想要放弃的时候，都会想起目标。
拓展语法点：when / while 从句省略结构
条件：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词，可以省略主语和be动词，结构变为：when/while + doing
例：While (I am) travelling, I like to buy some souvenirs.
知识点2 时态通用规则汇总
1. before / after / when / while / as soon as / whenever
将来场景：主将从现（主句将来时，时间从句用一般现在时）
过去场景：主从句统一使用各类过去时态
2. since
固定搭配：主句【现在完成时】，从句【一般过去时】
3. till / until
肯定句：主句谓语动词必须具备延续性；否定结构not…until不受此限制
知识点3 易混连接词对比辨析
(1) when vs while
- while：从句只能搭配延续性动词，侧重两个动作同步持续进行
例：While my sister was sweeping the floor, I was washing the dishes.
解析：扫地、洗碗都是持续性动作，两个动作同时进行。
错误：While the bell rang, we left the room.（ring是短暂动词，不能用while）
正确：When the bell rang, we left the room.
- when：无动词限制，短暂动词、延续动词均可使用；侧重动作发生的时间点
例：When spring comes, the days get longer.
解析：spring comes 属于短暂动作，只能使用when。
(2) till vs until
- 通用场景：肯定句中二者大多可以互换
例：I worked till/until he came back.
- 区别边界：
① 句首优先使用until，基本不用till
√ Until he arrived, we waited patiently.
× Till he arrived, we waited patiently.
② till口语化，until书面正式；考试书面写作优先选用until
(3) until 肯定句 vs not…until 否定结构
- 主句肯定形式（延续动词）：动作持续到从句时间，随后停止
例：She practised until nine. 她练习到九点（九点停止练习）
She finished practising until nine.
解析：finish是短暂动词，不能用于until引导的肯定句。
- not…until（常搭配短暂动词）：直到从句时间，动作才启动
例：She didn’t stop practising until nine.
解析：到九点，她才停下练习。
(4) since vs after
- since：突出起点持续到现在，主句必须使用现在完成时
例：I have lived here since I was ten.（从十岁持续至今）
- after：只表达动作先后，不强调持续，时态根据场景自由变化
例：I lived here after I was ten.（十岁之后住在这里，不强调持续到现在）
考点精练
一、单项选择（共30小题）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．________ the mother heard her daughter shouting for help, she ran out of the room quickly.
A．Unless B．Although C．As soon as D．Before
( )2．I will send you a message ________ I arrive at the airport tomorrow afternoon.
A．as soon as B．until C．or D．even though
( )3．Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan ________ they are soft.
A．when B．while C．after D．until
( )4．You won’t really know the value of health ________ you lose it.
A．after B．when C．until D．because
( )5．Mary ________ in that housing estate since she came back to Shanghai in 2015.
A．is living B．had lived C．would live D．has lived
( )6．My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university.
A．has left B．is leaving C．leaves D．left
( )7．My grandma has kept this old photo _________ she was a teenager.
A．when B．since C．until D．while
( )8．A monkey took Jack’s bag away ________ he was sleeping in a tree house.
A．while B．before C．till D．after
( )9．You can’t listen to music ________ you are doing your homework. It will distract (使……分心) you.
A．until B．while C．after D．before
( )10．—What’s the matter
— I ________ down while I ________ on the ice. I got hurt badly.
A．was falling, skated B．fell, was skating
C．fell, skated D．was falling, skating
( )11．I was doing my homework ________ my mother was cooking dinner in the kitchen.
A．or B．while C．until D．unless
( )12．We can learn much about porcelain (瓷器) culture ________ we visit the Jingdezhen Ceramic Museum.
A．unless B．when C．although D．till
( )13．________ being illegally held (被非法拘禁) in Canada for three years, Meng Wanzhou came back to China. Her safe return shows China’s great efforts and growing strength (实力).
A．When B．While C．Before D．After
( )14．—What a boring trip! We did nothing but listen to the rain in the hotel.
—Why didn’t you check the weather ________ you travelled
A．since B．until C．after D．before
( )15．________ I go to sleep, I like to read some science fiction stories.
A．When B．While C．Before D．After
( )16．—Don’t rush out of the classroom as soon as the bell ________.
—Sorry, I won’t do that again. Safety must come first.
A．ring B．rings C．will ring D．rang
( )17．I didn’t find our seats ______ the film began.
A．because B．till C．so D．unless
( )18．I ________ go to bed ________ my mother came back last night.
A．didn’t; until B．/; until C．don’t; until D．/; till
( )19．It has been much easier for many people to go to work ________ shared bikes were all over the country.
A．since B．if C．before D．so
( )20．It ________ four years since my family ________ to Xiamen.
A．is; have moved B．has been; has moved
C．is; moved D．was; moved
( )21． I was about to enter the office ______ I heard someone cry “ Earthquake!” loudly outside.
A．while B．when C．before D．after
( )22． I don’t know when Kitty ___________ tomorrow, and please give this message to her when she _________________.
A．comes; will come B．comes; comes
C．will come; will come D．will come; comes
( )23．–Have you seen Mr. Black these days, Jack
--Yes, I met him when I ________ in the street yesterday.
A．walked B．was walking C．have walked D．is walking
( )24．—Look at the noisy kids!
—Haven’t you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice ______ ”
A．play B．played C．are playing D．will play
( )25．I was doing my homework ________ my mom came back.
A．when B．while C．because D．during
( )26．The students usually have a 15-minute short rest _________ they have a class.
A．when B．after C．so D．until
( )27．Alice will work as a doctor after she ________ school.
A．left B．had left C．leaves D．will leave
( )28．Scientists say it will be five years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on patients.
A．before B．after C．when D．since
( )29．My cousin will tell me about his trip after he _______ home tomorrow.
A．arriving B．will arrive C．arrives D．is arriving
( )30．—You speak very good Chinese. —Thanks. I ____ it for four years before I came to China.
A．studied B．have studied C．was studying D．would study
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共15小题）
1．I ________ (return) it to the library as soon as I finish reading Little Women.
2．You ________ (not know) how interesting the book is until you finish reading.
3．—Mom, when can I leave the table I am full.
—Not until each guest ________ (finish) the meal. Wait politely.
4．He was very happy after he _______ (win) the basketball game.
5．John______(read)twelve books before the summer vacation ended.
6．You should knock at the door before you ________ the room. (entrance)
7．It has been two years since I last ________ (see) you. Is everything going well
8．Last Sunday, I ________ (put) away books while other volunteers were helping kids.
9．When the new library ________ (finish) next year, students will have a modern place to read and study.
10．“I ________ (help) people in need like you when I grow up,” said another boy.
11．As soon as he came to the office, Mr. Wang ________ (shake) hands with every one of us.
12．You’d better _________ (go) home before your money __________ (run) out.
13．We have been good friends since we ________ (be) very young.
14．He lost his money while ________ (travel) in the mountains.
15．I was reading in the library when it ________ to rain. (begin)答案解析
一、单项选择（30小题）
1. 答案：C。解析：as soon as 一……就……；unless除非，although虽然，before在……之前。句意为妈妈一听到女儿呼救就立刻跑出房间，动作紧密衔接，用as soon as。
2. 答案：A。解析：as soon as 一……就……，遵循主将从现；until直到，or否则，even though即使。明天下午我一到机场就发消息，动作先后衔接。
3. 答案：D。解析：until直到……为止；when当……时，while在……期间，after在……之后。把番茄在锅里炒到变软，动作持续到变软才停止，用until。
4. 答案：C。解析：not…until 直到……才；after在……后，when当……时，because因为。句意：直到失去健康你才懂得它的珍贵，固定搭配not…until。
5. 答案：D。解析：since引导从句用一般过去时，主句必须用现在完成时have/has done；主语Mary三单，用has lived。is living现在进行时，had lived过去完成时，would live过去将来时均不符合since时态规则。
6. 答案：D。解析：since从句时态固定为一般过去时，leave过去式left；has left现在完成时，is leaving现在进行时，leaves一般现在时均错误。
7. 答案：B。解析：since自从，后接过去时间点，主句现在完成时；when当，until直到，while在……期间，无法搭配has kept表持续至今。
8. 答案：A。解析：while从句后接延续性动词sleeping（睡觉），强调在树上睡觉这段持续时间里猴子拿走包；before在之前，till直到，after在之后不表同步持续动作。
9. 答案：B。解析：while当……时，后接延续动作doing homework做作业；until直到，after在之后，before在之前，句意为写作业时不能听歌，同步持续动作用while。
10. 答案：B。解析：when引导，短暂动词fall用一般过去时fell；延续动作skate用过去进行时was skating，表滑冰这个持续过程中突然摔倒。
11. 答案：B。解析：while连接两个同时进行的延续动作was doing homework和was cooking dinner；or或者，until直到，unless除非语义不符。
12. 答案：B。解析：when当……时，去景德镇博物馆的时候能学到瓷器文化；unless除非，although虽然，till直到语义不通。
13. 答案：D。解析：after在……之后，在加拿大被非法拘禁三年之后孟晚舟回国；when当，while在期间，before在之前逻辑错误。
14. 答案：D。解析：before在……之前，旅行之前为什么不看天气预报；since自从，until直到，after在之后逻辑颠倒。
15. 答案：C。解析：before在睡觉之前我喜欢读科幻小说；when当，while在期间，after在之后逻辑不符。
16. 答案：B。解析：as soon as遵循主将从现，从句主语the bell是三单，一般现在时用rings；ring原形，will ring将来时，rang过去式均违反时态规则。
17. 答案：B。解析：not…till=not…until直到……才；because因为，so所以，unless除非语义不通，句意为电影开始我才找到座位。
18. 答案：A。解析：last night为过去时间，主句用一般过去时否定didn’t，固定搭配didn’t…until直到……才；don’t是现在时，缺少否定词无法构成固定搭配。
19. 答案：A。解析：since自从，共享单车普及之后，人们上班变容易，主句现在完成时/现在时，从句过去时；if如果，before在之前，so因此逻辑错误。
20. 答案：C。解析：固定句型It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时；move过去式moved，只有C选项从句moved符合时态，A、B从句现在完成时错误，D主句was时态错误。
21. 答案：B。解析：be about to do sth. when… 固定句型，正要做某事突然……；while后接延续动作，before在之前，after在之后不适用该固定结构。
22. 答案：D。解析：第一空when引导宾语从句，tomorrow表将来，用will come；第二空when引导时间状语从句，遵循主将从现，用一般现在时comes。
23. 答案：B。解析：yesterday过去时间，when引导延续动作，用过去进行时was walking，表昨天在街上走路时偶遇布莱克先生；walked一般过去时只表动作完成，无法体现过程。
24. 答案：A。解析：谚语“When the cat is away, the mice play.”山中无老虎，猴子称大王，客观谚语，主从句均用一般现在时。
25. 答案：A。解析：when可接短暂性动词came back（回来）；while从句只能接延续动词，because因为逻辑错误，during是介词不能引导从句。
26. 答案：B。解析：after在一节课之后学生有15分钟休息；when当，so所以，until直到逻辑不符。
27. 答案：C。解析：after引导时间状语从句，主句将来时，从句主将从现，主语she三单，用leaves；left过去式，had left过去完成时，will leave将来时均错误。
28. 答案：A。解析：固定句型It will be + 时间段 + before… 还要多久才……；after在之后，when当，since自从不适用该句型。
29. 答案：C。解析：after引导时间状语从句，主将从现，主语he三单，arrives；arriving非谓语，will arrive将来时，is arriving进行时表将来，均违反从句时态规则。
30. 答案：A。解析：before I came to China是过去时间节点，“来中国之前学了四年中文”是过去完成动作，无持续到现在含义，用一般过去时studied；have studied现在完成时需持续到现在，不符合语境。
二、用所给单词适当形式填空（15小题）
1. 答案：will return。解析：as soon as引导时间状语从句，从句finish一般现在时，遵循主将从现，主句用一般将来时will return。
2. 答案：won’t know。解析：until引导时间状语从句，从句finish一般现在时，将来场景主将从现，主句否定将来时won’t know。
3. 答案：finishes。解析：Not until引导时间状语从句，整体是将来语境，从句主语each guest三单，一般现在时finishes。
4. 答案：won。解析：主句was一般过去时，after引导的从句时态统一用一般过去时，win过去式won。
5. 答案：had read。解析：before引导从句ended为一般过去时，read动作发生在假期结束之前，过去的过去，用过去完成时had read。
6. 答案：enter。解析：entrance是名词“入口”，此处从句缺少谓语动词enter（进入）；before引导从句，you后用动词原形。
7. 答案：saw。解析：since引导从句固定用一般过去时，see过去式saw。
8. 答案：was putting。解析：while引导主从句同步过去持续动作，后一句were helping为过去进行时，前半句对应was putting。
9. 答案：is finished。解析：next year将来语境，when引导时间状语从句遵循主将从现；library和finish是被动关系，一般现在时被动is finished。
10. 答案：will help。解析：when I grow up时间状语从句，grow一般现在时，主将从现，主句将来时will help。
11. 答案：shook。解析：as soon as从句came为一般过去时，主从句时态统一过去时，shake过去式shook。
12. 答案：go; runs。解析：had better后接动词原形go；before引导时间状语从句，主句表将来建议，从句主语money三单，一般现在时runs。
13. 答案：were。解析：since从句用一般过去时，主语we复数，be动词过去式were。
14. 答案：travelling。解析：while引导状语从句省略结构，主从句主语一致、含be动词，省略主语he和was，保留while + doing，填travelling。
15. 答案：began。解析：when引导从句，主句was reading过去进行时，从句短暂动作rain用一般过去时，begin过去式began。

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