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第三讲　情态动词
?真题体验
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________(offer) in smaller packs．
2．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths．
?语法精讲
单句语法填空
1．Your cousin ____________ have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County，didn't he He looks amazingly different．
2．The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could ____________ (express) it indirectly．
3．This ____________ have been an improvement，but “breakthrough” was an overstatement．
2/2第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词
?真题体验
1．(2024·浙江1月卷)However，though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages，it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs．
[解析]be offered　考查情态动词和语态。根据句意可知，they代指sausages，与offer之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且情态动词could后接动词原形，应用be offered。
2．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths．
[解析]be employed　考查情态动词和语态。根据句意可知，从句主语“a simple literary form”与employ之间为被动关系，空处应用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。
?语法精讲
单句语法填空
1．Your cousin must have enjoyed his trip in Jixian County，didn't he He looks amazingly different．
2．The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could have expressed (express) it indirectly．
3．This may/might have been an improvement，but “breakthrough” was an overstatement．
虚拟语气(教师独具)
1．虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况
(1)虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
类别 if从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
与现在 事实相反 过去式 (be动词用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去 事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来 事实相反 过去式 (be动词用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
should＋动词原形
were to＋动词原形
※If we had time now，we should read it again． (与现在事实相反)
要是现在有空，我们就该把它再看一遍。
※If he had followed my advice，he wouldn't have lost his job． (与过去事实相反)
如果他当时听从我的建议，他就不会失去工作。
※If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening，they would/should/could/might not go out．(与将来事实相反)
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。
(2)错综条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
※If she had studied hard，she would be a college student now． (从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在)
如果她努力学习了，她现在就是一名大学生了。
(3)含蓄条件句
虚拟条件隐含在上下文中或通过without、but for、or、but、otherwise等表示，这时可根据语境及具体意义采用虚拟形式。
※Without/But for your help，I couldn't have won the prize．
要是没有你的帮助，我不可能获得这个奖项。
※He was very busy yesterday，otherwise he would have come to the party．
他昨天太忙了，否则他就会来参加聚会了。
(4)if省略句
虚拟条件句中有were、had(助动词)、should时，可以省略if，把were、had、should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
※Were you in my position，what would you do
如果你处在我的位置，你会怎么做？
※Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting．
要是他赶上早班火车的话，就不会开会迟到了。
※Should it rain tomorrow，the meeting would be postponed．
如果明天下雨，会议就会延期。
2．虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的3种情况
(1)用于主语从句
在It is/was important/necessary/possible/essential/natural/strange/suggested/ordered/
advised/requested/demanded/．．．that．．．等主语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
※It is necessary that we (should) master at least one foreign language．
我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。
(2)用于宾语从句
类型 用法
表示“要求、命令、建议、请求”等动词后的宾语从句中 在insist、urge、order、command、require、demand、request、suggest、advise、propose、recommend等引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”
wish后的宾语从句中 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“could/might/would＋动词原形”
would rather后的宾语从句中 与现在或将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时
※The teacher suggests that we (should) review grammar points regularly．
老师建议我们定期复习语法点。
※I wish I could travel around the world tomorrow．
我希望明天能环游世界。
※He would rather he hadn't said that silly thing yesterday．
他宁愿昨天没说那件傻事。
(3)用于表语从句和同位语从句
句子主语是suggestion、advice、proposal等表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的名词时，that引导的表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；在以上名词后由that引导的同位语从句中，谓语动词也用“(should＋)动词原形”。
※My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy．
我的建议是我们应该尽力缩减产量，减少我们制造和购买的东西的数量。
※He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date of the meeting．
他同意了我提出的更改会议日期的建议。
3．特定句式中的虚拟语气
句型结构 对过去 的虚拟 对现在 的虚拟 对将来的虚拟
if only引导的条件句 had＋ 过去分 词 过去式 (be动词 用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋ 过去分词 过去式 (be动词 用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
It is (high) time (that) ．．． 从句中谓语动词用动词过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略
※If only I had listened to his advice．
我要是听从了他的建议该多好。
※Susan is walking slowly as if she were tired．
苏珊走得很慢，好像累了。
※It is time we started/should start the work．
该是我们开始工作的时间了。
单句语法填空
1．If I had(have)a chance to live my life again，I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young．
2．At the routine office meeting，the headmaster insisted the problems referred to (should) be paid(pay) special attention to．
3．I wish I had attended(attend) the meeting yesterday so that I didn't have to make it up later．
4．The firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they had walked (walk) into the mud，they would have sunk，too．
[典例1]　You shouldn't (scold) him for his poor performance．After all，he had done his best．
[解析]have scolded　根据前后句关系可知，此处表示“本不该”， shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，前面已有shouldn't，故填have scolded。
[典例2]　If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers，I wouldn't (be) where I am．
[解析]be　此处是错综条件句，根据where I am可知，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would do形式。前面已有wouldn't，故填be。
(教师独具)
Ⅰ．用情态动词或括号内动词的适当形式填空
1．Every language is worthy of respect and should be treated equally．
2．The Asian Winter Games should be used (use) as a link to promote cooperation and common development among Asian countries．
3．My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon，so he couldn't have attended(attend) your lecture．
4．During our trip to the Great Wall last week，I couldn't stop thinking that building it must have been (be) a huge project in ancient times．
5．Maybe later they don't want it and may never come back to the shop．
6．The income would be shared (share) among the platform，Wang and the question raiser．
7．Typically，the seals are carved into stone，but they can also be made (make) of wood，bamboo，or bone．
8．But he added that even minor genetic changes may/might have serious consequences．
9．He also took many other measures，hoping that such attempts would stop people from destroying the environment．
10．If I hadn't taken your advice，I would not manage(not manage) to carry out the project now．
Ⅱ．语法与写作
1．It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulties we are faced with，we mustn't give up our hope．
正是这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不能放弃我们的希望。
2．Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey，a pleasant smile would spread over Mom's face．
每次我们提到旅途中的趣事时，妈妈的脸上都会露出愉快的笑容。
3．Through all these unexpected things，it eventually dawned on her that honesty knows no class and she should respect everyone regardless of their economic conditions and social status．
通过所有这些意想不到的事情，她终于领悟了诚实是没有等级的，她应该尊重每个人，不管他们的经济状况和社会地位如何。
4．I demand either a new pair of black size 9 shoes be sent to me immediately or I should be given a full refund．
我要求要么立即给我寄送一双新的黑色9号尺码的鞋，要么给我全额退款。
5．Without your selfless devotion，we couldn't have made such great progress．
没有您无私的奉献，我们不可能取得这么大的进步。
Ⅲ．语篇提能练(情态动词和虚拟语气)
Rain or shine，Tom is always the first to arrive at the office．His home 1．must be very near the office，or he 2．can't always be in time for work．How I wish that I 3．lived (live) close to my workplace，so that I 4．wouldn't need (not need) to get up so early every day．Yesterday，for example，I 5．would have arrived (arrive) in time for work as usual if I hadn't been caught in a traffic jam．The boss was so angry with me that he demanded I 6．should arrive at work early enough from now on，saying that should I be caught being late again，he 7．would punish (punish) me．
I 8．must stop doing everything and go to bed now．Anyhow，it's time that I 9．went/should go (go) to sleep，and I hope I 10．can arrive at work on time tomorrow．It will be bad to be caught arriving late again．
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