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专题二 | 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第一讲　名词和数词
名词的数
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky __________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air．
2．(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____________ (time)，clothing rental services have become increasingly popular．
3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ____________ (favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common ________ (theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust．
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They are ____________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)．
?语法精讲
1．可数名词
2．不可数名词
一般来说，不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，其前一般不使用冠词，也没有复数形式。
(1)常考的不可数名词
music音乐　　　 homework家庭作业
weather天气 news消息
information信息 bread面包
advice建议 progress进步
equipment设备 fun乐趣
luggage行李 work工作
traffic交通 furniture家具
wealth财富 word消息
room空间 man人类
注意：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。
※Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday．
有消息称会议将于本周五召开。
(2)不可数名词具体化
表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a(n)连用。
comfort(安慰)→a comfort 一个令人感到安慰的人或事物
experience(经验)→an experience一次经历
success(成功)→a success一个成功的人或事物
pleasure(愉快)→a pleasure一件乐事
failure(失败)→a failure 一个失败的人或事物
单句语法填空
1．(人教版必修第三册Unit 1)Festivals are an important part of society． They reflect people's wishes，____________(belief)，faiths，and attitudes towards life．
2．(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)I can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments，invitations and news ________(update) you would miss!
3．(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different ____________(priority)，which would influence how they report an event．
名词的所有格
?真题体验
(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for ____________ (people) lives today，and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says．
?语法精讲
1．-'s所有格
表示有生命的东西或时间、空间、距离、价格、重量等名词的所有格。
情况 构成 示例
单数名词 加-'s my father's wish我父亲的心愿 Dick's new idea迪克的新想法
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 加-' 或-'s Dickens'(s) novels狄更斯的小说 my boss'(s) hat我老板的帽子
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词 加-' Teachers' Day教师节 two hours' reading两个小时的阅读 the students' dining room学生餐厅
不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词 加-'s Children's Day儿童节 women's clothes女装
复合名词或名词短语 在最后一个词 词尾加-'s an hour and a half's talk一个半小时的谈话 my brother-in-law's car我姐夫的小汽车
2．of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词所有格(但表示事物的“类型”时不用of所有格)。
用法 示例
表示所 属关系 the door of the room房间的门 the opinion of the majority大多数人的意见
表示主 谓关系 the arrival of Tom汤姆的到来 the departure of the train火车的离开
表示动 宾关系 waste of time浪费时间 the destruction of the rainforest对雨林的毁坏
表示同 位关系 the city of Shanghai上海市 in the year of 2016在2016年
3．双重所有格(名词＋of＋-'s所有格/名词性物主代词)
of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的词a(n)，one，some，several，a few，many，any，no等，但不能与定冠词the连用。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分。
Some friends of my sister's will join us in the game．
我姐姐的一些朋友将和我们一起玩游戏。
单句语法填空
1．(人教版必修第一册Unit 5)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which ____________(China) present is connected with its past．
2．There is a long-standing Chinese tradition of including chopsticks in a ____________ (girl) dowry(嫁妆)，symbolizing a blessing for the bride's future family．
3．He goes to work by car． His house is two ____________(hour) drive from his company in the city．
名词的词形转换
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国一卷)“In a Go game，each move should serve a long-term goal． You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____________ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition．
2．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the ____________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air．
3．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright，providing a less expensive ____________ (solve) to one-time event dressing．
4．(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________(rich)of gardening in England．
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ____________(visible)，said Edmondson．．．
?语法精讲
单句语法填空
1．(2025·江西南昌模拟)The oldest __________(evident) of noodles was from 4，000 years ago in China．
2．(2026·安徽江淮十校联考)“Our goal is to make these cultural relics accessible to people around the world while ensuring their long-term ____________(survive)，” says Li Wei，a conservation scientist at the academy．
3．(2025·广东广州三模)Huang Bingbing，living in Shenzhen，Guangdong，is an enthusiastic ____________ (support) of this idea．
数词
?真题体验
(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the ____________(six) century B．C．
?语法精讲
1．数词的基本用法
2．倍数表达法
(1)．．．times(两倍可用twice/double)＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(2)．．．times＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
(3)．．．times＋the length/width/weight/size of．．．
※The classroom is five times as large as our office．
＝The classroom is five times larger than our office．
＝The classroom is five times the size of our office．
这个教室有我们办公室的五倍大。
单句语法填空
1．I've always loved the ocean． In the __________(nine)grade，I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California．
2．In the summer holiday following my ____________(eighteen) birthday，I took driving lessons．
3．Though in her ____________(seventy)，she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop．
[典例1]　This year，around 50 Chinese publishers are showcasing more than 3，200 __________(type) of China-themed books at the event．
[典例2]　The __________(city) coffee history can trace back to 1892 when a French missionary planted the first coffee tree in a village in Pu'er．
8/8专题二 | 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第一讲　名词和数词
名词的数
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoon) with lots of fresh air．
[解析]afternoons　考查名词复数。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。
2．(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer
(time)，clothing rental services have become increasingly popular．
[解析]times　考查名词复数。time表示“次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。
3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western
(favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．
[解析]favourites　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，设空处作动词included的宾语，前面的modern Western为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念，应用名词复数。
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met，there are common
(theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust．
[解析]themes　考查名词复数。根据空前的“there are”可知，此处应用名词复数。
5．(2024·全国甲卷)They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产)．
[解析]treasures　考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应用名词复数，表示它们是美国遗产中的珍宝。
?语法精讲
1．可数名词
2．不可数名词
一般来说，不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，其前一般不使用冠词，也没有复数形式。
(1)常考的不可数名词
music音乐 homework家庭作业
weather天气 news消息
information信息 bread面包
advice建议 progress进步
equipment设备 fun乐趣
luggage行李 work工作
traffic交通 furniture家具
wealth财富 word消息
room空间 man人类
注意：word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。
※Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday．
有消息称会议将于本周五召开。
(2)不可数名词具体化
表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词a(n)连用。
comfort(安慰)→a comfort 一个令人感到安慰的人或事物
experience(经验)→an experience一次经历
success(成功)→a success一个成功的人或事物
pleasure(愉快)→a pleasure一件乐事
failure(失败)→a failure 一个失败的人或事物
单句语法填空
1．(人教版必修第三册Unit 1)Festivals are an important part of society． They reflect people's wishes，beliefs(belief)，faiths，and attitudes towards life．
2．(北师大版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)I can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments，invitations and news updates(update) you would miss!
3．(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities(priority)，which would influence how they report an event．
名词的所有格
?真题体验
(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today，and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says．
[解析]people's　考查名词所有格。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people's，作定语。故填people's。
?语法精讲
1．-'s所有格
表示有生命的东西或时间、空间、距离、价格、重量等名词的所有格。
情况 构成 示例
单数名词 加-'s my father's wish我父亲的心愿 Dick's new idea迪克的新想法
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 加-' 或-'s Dickens'(s) novels狄更斯的小说 my boss'(s) hat我老板的帽子
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词 加-' Teachers' Day教师节 two hours' reading两个小时的阅读 the students' dining room学生餐厅
不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词 加-'s Children's Day儿童节 women's clothes女装
复合名词或名词短语 在最后 一个词 词尾加 -'s an hour and a half's talk一个半小时的谈话 my brother-in-law's car我姐夫的小汽车
2．of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词所有格(但表示事物的“类型”时不用of所有格)。
用法 示例
表示所 属关系 the door of the room房间的门 the opinion of the majority大多数人的意见
表示主 谓关系 the arrival of Tom汤姆的到来 the departure of the train火车的离开
表示动 宾关系 waste of time浪费时间 the destruction of the rainforest对雨林的毁坏
表示同 位关系 the city of Shanghai上海市 in the year of 2016在2016年
3．双重所有格(名词＋of＋-'s所有格/名词性物主代词)
of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的词a(n)，one，some，several，a few，many，any，no等，但不能与定冠词the连用。双重所有格表示整体中的一部分。
Some friends of my sister's will join us in the game．
我姐姐的一些朋友将和我们一起玩游戏。
单句语法填空
1．(人教版必修第一册Unit 5)Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's(China) present is connected with its past．
2．There is a long-standing Chinese tradition of including chopsticks in a girl's (girl) dowry(嫁妆)，symbolizing a blessing for the bride's future family．
3．He goes to work by car． His house is two hours'(hour) drive from his company in the city．
名词的词形转换
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国一卷)“In a Go game，each move should serve a long-term goal． You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition．
[解析]guidance　考查名词。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance，表示“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
2．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air．
[解析]absence　考查名词。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence，表示“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
3．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright，providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing．
[解析]solution　考查名词。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填solution。
4．(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design，to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the (rich)of gardening in England．
[解析]richness　考查名词。空处在定冠词the之后，且空后的of gardening对空处进行限定，因此应用名词richness。
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international (visible)，said Edmondson．．．
[解析]visibility　考查名词。空前的international是形容词，应修饰名词；visible的名词形式为visibility，表示“知名度”，为不可数名词。
?语法精讲
单句语法填空
1．(2025·江西南昌模拟)The oldest evidence(evident) of noodles was from 4，000 years ago in China．
2．(2026·安徽江淮十校联考)“Our goal is to make these cultural relics accessible to people around the world while ensuring their long-term survival(survive)，” says Li Wei，a conservation scientist at the academy．
3．(2025·广东广州三模)Huang Bingbing，living in Shenzhen，Guangdong，is an enthusiastic supporter (support) of this idea．
数词
?真题体验
(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the (six) century B．C．
[解析]sixth　考查数词。此处表示顺序，应用序数词，故填sixth。
?语法精讲
1．数词的基本用法
2．倍数表达法
(1)．．．times(两倍可用twice/double)＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(2)．．．times＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
(3)．．．times＋the length/width/weight/size of．．．
※The classroom is five times as large as our office．
＝The classroom is five times larger than our office．
＝The classroom is five times the size of our office．
这个教室有我们办公室的五倍大。
单句语法填空
1．I've always loved the ocean． In the ninth(nine)grade，I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California．
2．In the summer holiday following my eighteenth(eighteen) birthday，I took driving lessons．
3．Though in her seventies(seventy)，she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop．
[典例1]　This year，around 50 Chinese publishers are showcasing more than 3，200
(type) of China-themed books at the event．
[解析]types　数词“3，200”后的可数名词type应用复数形式。故填types。
[典例2]　The (city) coffee history can trace back to 1892 when a French missionary planted the first coffee tree in a village in Pu'er．
[解析]city's　句意：这座城市的咖啡历史可以追溯到1892年，当时一位法国传教士在普洱的一个村庄种下了第一棵咖啡树。提示词作定语，用名词所有格city's，意为“这座城市的”。
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