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必修第二册　UNIT 2　Be sporty，be healthy
1．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺(常用复数) (congratulate vt．祝贺)
◎express/offer/send one's congratulations to sb．(on sth．)
(因某事)向某人祝贺
a letter of congratulation 贺信
◎congratulate sb．on (doing) sth． 因(做)某事向某人祝贺
(1)congratulate意为“祝贺”，侧重用言语表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面需加介词on，即“congratulate sb．on sth．”。
(2)celebrate意为“庆祝，庆贺”，通常指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语，构成“celebrate sth．”。
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Congratulations! You are a good writer，so keep writing．
恭喜！你是个出色的作家，所以继续创作吧。
2．tend vi．往往会；趋向 vt．照看(tendency n．趋势；倾向；偏好)
◎tend (to) sb．/sth．　 照料/护理某人/物
tend to do sth． 易于做某事；往往会做某事
◎have a tendency to do sth． 倾向于做某事
there is a tendency (for sb．) to do sth．
(某人)倾向于做某事
◎(2025·全国二卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning．
照料植物是一种耐心和学习的锻炼。
3．range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 vi．变化，浮动
◎a wide range of 广泛的；多种的；大范围的
within/in the range of... 在……范围内；在……射程内
beyond/out of the range of... 在……射程外；在……范围外
◎range from...to... 在……范围内变动
range between...and... 在……范围内变动
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art，craft(工艺) and local history exhibitions which change every month．
临时展览馆有各种各样的艺术、工艺以及当地历史展览，这些展览每月都会更换。
4．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt．& vi．没有，缺乏，不足，短缺(lacking adj．短缺的；缺乏的)
◎for/through lack of 　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
◎lack＋n． 缺乏……
lack for＋n． (多用于否定句中)需求；需要
◎be lacking in 缺少……
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge，mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation．
在爱荷华州生活并努力成为一名专攻风景摄影的摄影师，这可真是一大挑战，主要是因为这个玉米大州缺乏地形变化。
5．hesitate vi．犹豫，迟疑(hesitation n．犹豫，迟疑 hesitant adj．犹豫的，踌躇的；不情愿的)
◎hesitate to do sth．　 犹豫做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth．
对(做)某事犹豫不决
◎without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth． 毫不犹豫地做某事
◎(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)People with the impression that poetry is difficult to understand often hesitate about reading poetry．
认为诗难懂的人在读诗时常常犹豫不决。
6．admit vt．& vi．承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入(admission n．准许进入；入场费)
◎admit (to) (doing/having done) sth．
承认(做了)某事
be/get admitted to/into... 被……录取；被允许进入……
admit sb．/sth．to be＋adj．/n．
承认某人/某事(物)为……
It is generally/widely admitted that...
公认……；通常认为……
◎get admission to/into... 获准进入……；被录取到……
◎(2023·全国甲卷)It is widely admitted that Fan Zhongyan is one of the most influential Chinese historical figures．
人们普遍认为范仲淹是中国历史上最有影响力的人物之一。
7．make up for 弥补，补偿
◎make up　　　 编造；组成；整理；弥补；和好；化妆
be made up of 由……组成/构成
◎make it 获得成功；准时到达
make out (勉强)辨认出，听出；弄清；理解
◎(2022·全国乙卷)Only a small percentage of students learn by looking through websites，which makes up 12%．
只有一小部分学生通过浏览网站来学习，占比12%。
8．in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复
◎make a/no response to　 对……作出回应/不予回答
◎respond to 回答/回应……
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)...since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable
由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据有用吗？
1．Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings．(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。
2．Zhang Sanfeng，a 13th-century Taoist，was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird．(sb．＋be＋动词-ed形式＋to do...)
传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创造了太极拳。
3．To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising．(状语从句的省略)
为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。
4．the＋序数词＋n．＋to do...
When you plan an exercise routine，the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility．
制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有the only，the very，the next等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式用来修饰的多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，attempt，offer，anxiety，belief等。
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree．
四年后，她成了首位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。
5．动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind，enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations．
太极拳教会了我放松头脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。
◎句中的enabling me to stay cool...是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。动词-ing形式作结果状语时，一般表示必然的、自然而然的结果。另外，动词不定式，特别是only to do...形式也可作结果状语，但一般表示意想不到的结果。
◎Deforestation has destroyed the natural habitat of many species，leaving them with no place to survive．
森林砍伐破坏了许多物种的自然栖息地，使它们无处生存。
◎(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold．
有些早晨，罗莎蒙德和多萝茜到达校舍时，发现孩子们在寒冷中哭泣。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．congratulation
① The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person ________ the new home．
②Let's go and congratulate him on ________________(admit) to Tsinghua University．
③(2022·全国乙卷)为了庆祝这一节日，周四，北京晋商博物馆举行了许多活动。
______________________，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday．
④(应用文写作之祝贺信)我诚挚地祝贺你在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
I'd like to ____________________________________________________ your winning first place in the English Speech Competition．(congratulation)
2．tend
①(北师大版选择性必修第四册Unit 11)Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his ____________ (tend) to drum late at night．
②The lamb had become separated from its mother，so I jumped out of the tractor to tend ________ it while Don stayed in his seat．
③Some educators tend ____________(believe)that practical skills are as important as academic knowledge．
④人们往往有把智能手机带到床上的倾向，这会扰乱睡眠模式并影响整体健康。
_________________________，disturbing sleep patterns and affecting overall health．
⑤(读后续写之动作描写)这个医生一听到事故的消息，就立即前往现场照顾伤员，整夜不知疲倦地工作。
The doctor，upon hearing the news of the accident，immediately ________________________________，working tirelessly throughout the night．
3．range
①The university library provides a wide range ________ resources，from academic journals to e-books．
②For persons who are able to develop an immune response，the death rate is usually ____________ the range of 10%－15%．
③(应用文写作之倡议信)我们的俱乐部正在举办一系列的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵。我们期待着你的加入。
____________________ in our club，________________________________ English Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation．We are expecting your joining．
4．lac
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack ________ self-confidence and a desire for attention．
②It was unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously ____________ (lack) in flexibility．
③由于缺乏适当的规划和资源，该项目失败了，导致错过了最后期限。
The project failed ________________________________________________，leading to missed deadlines．
④尽管她很有热情，但提案在实际操作细节上有所欠缺，未能说服投资者。
Despite her enthusiasm，the proposal ____________________________________ and failed to convince the investors．
5．hesitate
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 2)She resists instinctively；and，in their ____________ (hesitate)，the DOVE escapes and flies away．
②If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，Wilson never hesitates ____________ (buy) them a meal．
③(应用文写作之招募启事)如果你对英语充满热情又头脑敏锐，请不要迟疑加入辩论队。
If you are enthusiastic about English and have a sharp mind，_____________________________．
6．admit
①The student was reluctant to admit ________________(do) poorly on the exam，but he knew he needed to study harder for the next one．
②The school admitted the student __________(be) one of the top performers in the class，granting her a scholarship．
③The amusement park announced a special holiday promotion，with discounted ________(admit)for families．
④(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。
______________________________________________________，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you．
⑤(应用文写作之邀请信)现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我想邀请你加入。
The table tennis team of our school ________________________ right now so I would like to invite you to join．
7．make up for
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)And down by the sea，the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make ________ the music of the coast．
②She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up ________ her former mistakes．
③(应用文写作之建议信)我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程应该由欣赏这部电影、谈论精彩的电影台词和配音组成。
I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course __________________________，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing．
8．in response to
①为了对这个任务作出回应，我决定画一棵树的素描，它的枝干错综复杂，枝叶茂密繁盛，很是漂亮。
________________________，I decided to make a sketch of a beautiful tree with intricate branches and lush leaves．
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)在课上，我没有对同学们作出回应，因为我完全沉浸在自己的创作过程中。
I ____________________________________，as I was fully immersed in my own creative process．
③(读后续写之神情描写)他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答我说：“我再也不会这样做了。”
“I will never do that again，” he ____________________________________．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．It ________________ (assume) that global warming and climate change may cause even more disasters in the future．
2．You need to know that having fine grades and test results does not guarantee ____________ (admit) to a top university in the United States．
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste ____________(reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．
4．(2024·浙江1月卷)Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and ____________(satisfy)．
5．Gunter told me about his adventures and how he had once done an injury ________ himself while rock climbing．
6．After a heated discussion，it has been decided that the old system will be replaced ________ a new one．
7．The government announced that they would adopt measures to prevent such a case ____________ (happen) again．
8．Most parents attach importance to children's education while the minority assume it ____________ (be) less important．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．In our class，the average score of the math exam is 85，which is higher than what an average student can achieve，while the average of all subjects' scores averages out to 80 when calculated carefully．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
2．The school hall，which can admit 500 people，admitted all freshmen who had passed the entrance exam，admitting them to the opening ceremony where one student admitted feeling nervous during the interview．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The baseball player swung his bat powerfully，hitting the ball far into the outfield，while a bat flew silently through the sky above the stadium．________________
2．Aerobic activities like swimming and cycling not only burn calories but also improve cardiovascular function．________________
3．Carbohydrates，such as bread and rice，are essential for providing sustained energy during exams，but excessive intake without exercise may lead to weight gain．________________
4．The red-crowned crane，a national treasure in China，gracefully spreads its wings in the wetland reserve，symbolizing longevity and peace in traditional culture．________________
5．As the rooster crowed loudly at dawn，farmers began their daily work in the fields，and the warm sunlight gradually woke up the sleepy village．________________
6．Children often imitate the behaviors they observe in cartoons，which highlights the importance of selecting educational content to shape their habits．________________
7．Confucian philosophy，advocating virtues like benevolence and propriety，has profoundly influenced Chinese society for over two thousand years．________________
8．Unity among team members，rather than individual talent alone，is the key to overcoming challenges in group projects，as shown by many successful case studies．________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一出国深造过的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(动词不定式作定语)
I can speak fluent English and ___________________________________．There is no doubt that ________________________________________________．
2．据说，环保展览是一种很好的形式，可以吸引更多的公民提高对环境问题的认识。(be said to do)
An environmentally friendly exhibition __________________________ to raise awareness about environmental issues．
3．(应用文写作之日记)工作的时候，我意识到烈日下在田间工作是多么辛苦。(状语从句的省略)
________________，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun．
4．(读后续写之环境描写)刺骨的寒风如狼一般怒吼，使得黑暗更加令人窒息(suffocating)。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
The bone-chilling wind howled like a wolf，_____________________________．
假定你是李华，你的笔友林涛来信说，因学习忙、锻炼少，他最近经常生病，这也影响了他的学习。请你给他写一封英文回信，内容包括：
1．锻炼的重要性；
2．提出锻炼建议。
①得知你这几天身体不舒服，我写信是为了表达我对你的关心，并给你一些建议。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
______________________________，I am writing to show my concern for you and offer you some advice．
②锻炼可以改善你的免疫系统，还可以让你每天充满活力。(immune；not only...but also)
Working out can _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
③只有在你健康状况良好的时候，你才能继续学习，提高学习效率。
Only when in good health ____________________________________ and increase your study efficiency．
④我建议你每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼，并制定一个详细的锻炼时间表，这可以帮助你坚持锻炼的习惯。
I suggest that you take at least one hour's exercise every day，and make a detailed schedule for your exercise，_____________________．
⑤加入一个你学校的体育俱乐部可能是个好主意，因为俱乐部的伙伴可以激励你定期锻炼。
It might be a good idea ____________________________________，for the partners in the club can inspire you to work out regularly．
⑥我希望我的建议能对你有所帮助。如果你有任何问题，请随时联系我。(强调谓语；hesitate)
_________________________．If you have any question，_____________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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形容词/名 词/动词 adj．：warm，relieved，reassuring，comforting n．：warmth，relief v．：warm，reassure (使……安心) 介词 短语 ①with/in relief欣慰地；②to one's great relief/much to one's relief令某人很欣慰的是/令某人庆幸的是
松了口气 ①breathe a sigh of relief ②sigh with relief ③give a sigh/gasp of relief ④feel (a wave/sense/surge of) relief ⑤with a huge sigh of relief大松一口气 笑容 ①a relieved/warm smile宽慰/温暖的笑容 ②smile with/in relief安心地笑 ③a reassuring/comforting smile让人宽心的微笑
心暖 ①warm one's heart温暖某人的心 ②warmth filled one's heart满心温暖 眼神 ①exchange relieved glances如释重负地彼此看了看 ②tears of relief welled up in one's eyes欣慰的眼泪涌入双眼
感觉/全身 ①feel a mixture of warmth and relief感到既温暖又欣慰 ②(a wave of) relief/warmth＋washed/flooded/came over/surged through/filled sb．某人感觉欣慰/温暖
微情景1　“校园生活”——校园运动中遇到挫折得到宽慰后的“温暖、鼓励”
①________________________(受教练的激励；过去分词短语作状语)，I took part in the tennis match held in my school．In the first round，②________________________ (我感到越来越沮丧) as my opponent's score was much higher than mine．Just as I was about to give up，I heard someone calling my name．Turning around，I found my teacher ③________________________(正向我投来鼓励的目光；分词短语作宾补)．Suddenly I felt ④____________________________________(一股力量注入了我的身体；“无灵主语”句)．I did better than before，but I still fell behind．At break，my coach approached me and ⑤____________________________________(轻拍我的肩膀)，saying，“Come on，my boy．I believe you can make it．Bear in mind that nothing is difficult to a willing heart．”
微情景 2　“优秀品质”——在恶劣天气中得到帮助的“宽慰、温暖”
The rain poured，①________________________(猛烈地打在我的脸上)．Exhausted and ②________________________________(冻得发抖)，I prayed that someone could give me a ride． A car approached and stopped．③________________________(松了一口气) as the driver signaled me to get in the car．When I got in the car，④____________________________________(一股轻松和温暖的感觉席卷了我的全身)，and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my face，mixing with the rain．Not only did the driver's good intention ⑤____________________(温暖了我的心)but also became a reminder to pay it forward．
?提示：主题语篇精练，请完成“题型组合练(十一)”P355、“题型组合练(十二)”P3581．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺词；恭贺(常用复数) (congratulate vt．祝贺)
◎express/offer/send one's congratulations to sb．(on sth．)　　　
(因某事)向某人祝贺
a letter of congratulation
一封祝贺信
◎congratulate sb．on (doing) sth．
因(做)某事向某人祝贺
(1)congratulate意为“祝贺”，侧重用言语表达祝贺之意，其宾语是人；若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面需加介词on，即“congratulate sb．on sth．”。
(2)celebrate意为“庆祝，庆贺”，通常指举行盛大、隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或事件。常用表示节日、胜利、成功等的名词作宾语，构成“celebrate sth．”。
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Congratulations! You are a good writer，so keep writing．
恭喜！你是个出色的作家，所以继续创作吧。
2．tend vi．往往会；趋向 vt．照看(tendency n．趋势；倾向；偏好)
◎tend (to) sb．/sth．　 照料/护理某人/物
tend to do sth． 易于做某事；往往会做某事
◎have a tendency to do sth． 倾向于做某事
there is a tendency (for sb．) to do sth．
(某人)倾向于做某事
◎(2025·全国二卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning．
照料植物是一种耐心和学习的锻炼。
3．range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 vi．变化，浮动
◎a wide range of 广泛的；多种的；大范围的
within/in range of... 在……范围内；在……射程内
beyond/out of range of...　　　 在……射程外；在……范围外
◎range from A to B 在A到B间变动
range between...and... 在……范围内变动
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art，craft(工艺) and local history exhibitions which change every month．
临时展览馆有各种各样的艺术、工艺以及当地历史展览，这些展览每月都会更换。
4．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt．& vi．没有，缺乏，不足，短缺(lacking adj．短缺的；缺乏的)
◎for/through lack of 　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
◎lack＋n． 缺乏……
lack for＋n． (多用于否定句中)需求；需要
◎be lacking in 缺少……
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge，mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation．
在艾奥瓦州生活并努力成为一名专攻风景摄影的摄影师，这可真是一大挑战，主要是因为这个玉米大州缺乏地形变化。
5．hesitate vi．犹豫，迟疑(hesitation n．犹豫，迟疑 hesitant adj．犹豫的，踌躇的；不情愿的)
◎hesitate to do sth． 犹豫做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/over (doing) sth． 对(做)某事犹豫不决
◎without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth． 毫不犹豫地做某事
◎(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)People with the impression that poetry is difficult to understand often hesitate about reading poetry．
认为诗难懂的人在读诗时常常犹豫不决。
6．admit vt．& vi．承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入(admission n．准许进入；入场费)
◎admit (to) (doing/having done) sth．
　　 承认(做了)某事
be/get admitted to/into... 被……录取；被允许进入……
admit sb．/sth．to be＋adj．/n．
承认某人/某事(物)为……
It is generally/widely admitted that...
公认……；通常认为……
◎get admission to/into... 获准进入……；被录取到……
◎(2023·全国甲卷)It is widely admitted that Fan Zhongyan is one of the most influential Chinese historical figures．
人们普遍认为范仲淹是中国历史上最有影响力的人物之一。
7．make up for 弥补，补偿
◎make up　　　 编造；组成；整理；弥补；和好；化妆
be made up of 由……组成/构成
◎make it 获得成功；准时到达
make out (勉强)辨认出，听出；弄清；理解
◎(2022·全国乙卷)Only a small percentage of students learn by looking through websites，which makes up 12%．
只有一小部分学生通过浏览网站来学习，占比12%。
8．in response to 对……作出反应；作为对……的回复
◎make a/no response to　 对……作出回应/不予回答
◎respond to 回答/回应……
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)...since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change，I wanted to know：Are they usable
由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来调查物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据有用吗？
1．Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings．(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。
2．Zhang Sanfeng，a 13th-century Taoist，was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird．(sb．＋be＋动词-ed形式＋to do...)
传说13世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创造了太极拳。
3．To prevent soft tissue injury，make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising．(状语从句的省略)
为了防止软组织受伤，锻炼时，要确保你穿戴合适的衣服和护具。
4．the＋序数词＋n．＋to do...
When you plan an exercise routine，the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength or flexibility．
制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或其前有the only，the very，the next等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式用来修饰的多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，attempt，offer，anxiety，belief等。
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree．
四年后，她成为首位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。
5．动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind，enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations．
太极拳教会了我放松头脑，让我在紧张的情况下能保持冷静。
◎句中的enabling me to stay cool...是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。动词-ing形式作结果状语时，一般表示必然的、自然而然的结果。另外，动词不定式，特别是only to do...形式也可作结果状语，但一般表示意想不到的结果。
◎Deforestation has destroyed the natural habitat of many species，leaving them with no place to survive．
森林砍伐破坏了许多物种的自然栖息地，使它们无处生存。
◎(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold．
有些早晨，罗莎蒙德和多萝茜到达校舍时，发现孩子们在寒冷中哭泣。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．congratulation
① The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home．
②Let's go and congratulate him on being admitted(admit) to Tsinghua University．
③(2022·全国乙卷)为了庆祝这一节日，周四，北京晋商博物馆举行了许多活动。
To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday．
④(应用文写作之祝贺信)我诚挚地祝贺你在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
I'd like to express/offer/send my sincere congratulations to you on your winning first place in the English Speech Competition．(congratulation)
2．tend
①(北师大版选择性必修第四册Unit 11)Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency (tend) to drum late at night．
②The lamb had become separated from its mother，so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat．
③Some educators tend to believe(believe)that practical skills are as important as academic knowledge．
④人们往往有把智能手机带到床上的倾向，这会扰乱睡眠模式并影响整体健康。
There is a tendency for people to take their smartphones to bed，disturbing sleep patterns and affecting overall health．
⑤(读后续写之动作描写)这个医生一听到事故的消息，就立即前往现场照顾伤员，整夜不知疲倦地工作。
The doctor，upon hearing the news of the accident，immediately went to the site to tend to the injured，working tirelessly throughout the night．
3．range
①The university library provides a wide range of resources，from academic journals to e-books．
②For persons who are able to develop an immune response，the death rate is usually within/in range of 10%－15%．
③(应用文写作之倡议信)我们的俱乐部正在举办一系列的活动，从英语演讲比赛到诗歌朗诵。我们期待着你的加入。
A range of activities is being held in our club，which range from/ranging from English Speech Contest to Poetry Recitation．We are expecting your joining．
4．lack
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention．
②It was unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking (lack) in flexibility．
③由于缺乏适当的规划和资源，该项目失败了，导致错过了最后期限。
The project failed for/through lack of proper planning and resources，leading to missed deadlines．
④尽管她很有热情，但提案在实际操作细节上有所欠缺，未能说服投资者。
Despite her enthusiasm，the proposal was lacking in practical details and failed to convince the investors．
5．hesitate
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 2)She resists instinctively；and，in their hesitation (hesitate)，the DOVE escapes and flies away．
②If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，Wilson never hesitates to buy (buy) them a meal．
③(应用文写作之招募启事)如果你对英语充满热情又头脑敏锐，请不要迟疑加入辩论队。
If you are enthusiastic about English and have a sharp mind，don't hesitate to join the debate team．
6．admit
①The student was reluctant to admit doing/having done(do) poorly on the exam，but he knew he needed to study harder for the next one．
②The school admitted the student to be(be) one of the top performers in the class，granting her a scholarship．
③The amusement park announced a special holiday promotion，with discounted admission(admit) for families．
④(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you．
⑤(应用文写作之邀请信)现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我想邀请你加入。
The table tennis team of our school is admitting new members right now so I would like to invite you to join．
7．make up for
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)And down by the sea，the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast．
②She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes．
③(应用文写作之建议信)我强烈建议我们的英语电影欣赏课程应该由欣赏这部电影、谈论精彩的电影台词和配音组成。
I strongly suggest that our English film appreciation course (should)_be made up of enjoying the film，talking about wonderful movie lines and dubbing．
8．in response to
①为了对这个任务作出回应，我决定画一棵树的素描，它的枝干错综复杂，枝叶茂密繁盛，很是漂亮。
In response to this task，I decided to make a sketch of a beautiful tree with intricate branches and lush leaves．
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)在课上，我没有对同学们作出回应，因为我完全沉浸在自己的创作过程中。
I made no response to my classmates during the lesson，as I was fully immersed in my own creative process．
③(读后续写之神情描写)他眼里含着悔恨的泪水回答我说：“我再也不会这样做了。”
“I will never do that again，”he responded to me with tears of regret in his eyes．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．It is assumed (assume) that global warming and climate change may cause even more disasters in the future．
2．You need to know that having fine grades and test results does not guarantee admission (admit) to a top university in the United States．
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction(reduce) by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．
4．(2024·浙江1月卷)Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction(satisfy)．
5．Gunter told me about his adventures and how he had once done an injury to himself while rock climbing．
6．After a heated discussion，it has been decided that the old system will be replaced by/with a new one．
7．The government announced that they would adopt measures to prevent such a case happening (happen) again．
8．Most parents attach importance to children's education while the minority assume it to be (be) less important．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．In our class，the average score of the math exam is 85，which is higher than what an average student can achieve，while the average of all subjects' scores averages out to 80 when calculated carefully．
①adj．平均的　②adj．普通的　③n．平均数；平均水平　④v．平均为；计算出……的平均数
2．The school hall，which can admit 500 people，admitted all freshmen who had passed the entrance exam，admitting them to the opening ceremony where one student admitted feeling nervous during the interview．
①vt．可容纳　②vt．接纳　③vt．准许进入
④vt．承认
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The baseball player swung his bat powerfully，hitting the ball far into the outfield，while a bat flew silently through the sky above the stadium． n．蝙蝠
2．Aerobic activities like swimming and cycling not only burn calories but also improve cardiovascular function． adj．有氧的；需氧的
3．Carbohydrates，such as bread and rice，are essential for providing sustained energy during exams，but excessive intake without exercise may lead to weight gain．
n．碳水化合物，糖类
4．The red-crowned crane，a national treasure in China，gracefully spreads its wings in the wetland reserve，symbolizing longevity and peace in traditional culture．
n．鹤
5．As the rooster crowed loudly at dawn，farmers began their daily work in the fields，and the warm sunlight gradually woke up the sleepy village． n．雄鸡
6．Children often imitate the behaviors they observe in cartoons，which highlights the importance of selecting educational content to shape their habits． vt．模仿；仿效
7．Confucian philosophy，advocating virtues like benevolence and propriety，has profoundly influenced Chinese society for over two thousand years． n．哲学
8．Unity among team members，rather than individual talent alone，is the key to overcoming challenges in group projects，as shown by many successful case studies．
n．团结一致，联合
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一出国深造过的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。(动词不定式作定语)
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study．There is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job．
2．据说，环保展览是一种很好的形式，可以吸引更多的公民提高对环境问题的认识。(be said to do)
An environmentally friendly exhibition is said to be a good form that can appeal to more citizens to raise awareness about environmental issues．
3．(应用文写作之日记)工作的时候，我意识到烈日下在田间工作是多么辛苦。(状语从句的省略)
While working，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun．
4．(读后续写之环境描写)刺骨的寒风如狼一般怒吼，使得黑暗更加令人窒息(suffocating)。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
The bone-chilling wind howled like a wolf，making the darkness even more suffocating．
假定你是李华，你的笔友林涛来信说，他最近因学习忙、锻炼少，经常生病，这也影响了他的学习。请你给他写一封英文回信，内容包括：
1．锻炼的重要性；
2．提出锻炼建议。
①得知你这几天身体不舒服，我写信是为了表达我对你的关心，并给你一些建议。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Knowing that you have been under the weather for days，I am writing to show my concern for you and offer you some advice．
②锻炼可以改善你的免疫系统，还可以让你每天充满活力。(immune；not only...but also)
Working out can not only improve your immune system but also make you full of energy everyday．
③只有在你健康状况良好的时候，你才能继续学习，提高学习效率。
Only when in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency．
④我建议你每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼，并制定一个详细的锻炼时间表，这可以帮助你坚持锻炼的习惯。
I suggest that you take at least one hour's exercise every day，and make a detailed schedule for your exercise，which can help you stick with an exercise routine．
⑤加入一个你学校的体育俱乐部可能是个好主意，因为俱乐部的伙伴可以激励你定期锻炼。
It might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school，for the partners in the club can inspire you to work out regularly．
⑥我希望我的建议能对你有所帮助。如果你有任何问题，请随时联系我。(强调谓语；hesitate)
I do hope you will find my advice helpful．If you have any question，don't hesitate to contact me．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Dear Lin Tao，
Knowing that you have been under the weather for days，I am writing to show my concern for you and offer you some advice．
To begin with，working out can not only improve your immune system but also make you full of energy everyday．Only when in good health can you carry on studying and increase your study efficiency．What's more/Moreover，I suggest that you take at least one hour's exercise every day，and make a detailed schedule for your exercise，which can help you stick with an exercise routine．Last but not least，it might be a good idea to join a sports club in your school，for the partners in the club can inspire you to work out regularly．
I do hope you will find my advice helpful．If you have any question，don't hesitate to contact me．
形容词/名 词/动词 adj．：warm，relieved，reassuring，comforting n．：warmth，relief v．：warm，reassure (使……安心) 介词 短语 ①with/in relief欣慰地；②to one's great relief/much to one's relief令某人很欣慰的是/令某人庆幸的是
松了口气 ①breathe a sigh of relief ②sigh with relief ③give a sigh/gasp of relief ④feel (a wave/sense/surge of) relief ⑤with a huge sigh of relief大松一口气 笑容 ①a relieved/warm smile宽慰/温暖的笑容 ②smile with/in relief安心地笑 ③a reassuring/comforting smile让人宽心的微笑
心暖 ①warm one's heart温暖某人的心 ②warmth filled one's heart满心温暖 眼神 ①exchange relieved glances如释重负地彼此看了看 ②tears of relief welled up in one's eyes欣慰的眼泪涌入双眼
感觉/全身 ①feel a mixture of warmth and relief感到既温暖又欣慰 ②(a wave of) relief/warmth＋washed/flooded/came over/surged through/filled sb．某人感觉欣慰/温暖
微情景1　“校园生活”——校园运动中遇到挫折得到宽慰后的“温暖、鼓励”
①Inspired by my coach(受我的教练的激励；过去分词短语作状语)，I took part in the tennis match held in my school．In the first round，②I was increasingly frustrated (我感到越来越沮丧) as my opponent's score was much higher than mine．Just as I was about to give up，I heard someone calling my name．Turning around，I found my teacher ③casting an encouraging glance at me(正向我投来鼓励的目光；分词短语作宾补)．Suddenly I felt ④a surge of power instilled into my body(一股力量注入了我的身体；“无灵主语”句)．I did better than before，but I still fell behind．At break，my coach approached me and ⑤patted me on the shoulder(轻拍我的肩膀)，saying，“Come on，my boy．I believe you can make it．Bear in mind that nothing is difficult to a willing heart．”
微情景 2　“优秀品质”——在恶劣天气中得到帮助的“宽慰、温暖”
The rain poured，①beating against my face fiercely(猛烈地打在我的脸上)．Exhausted and ②shaking/trembling with cold(冻得发抖)，I prayed that someone could give me a ride．A car approached and stopped．③I breathed a sigh of relief(我松了一口气) as the driver signaled me to get in the car．When I got in the car，④a wave of relief and warmth swept over me(一股轻松和温暖的感觉席卷了我的全身)，and I felt silent tears of gratitude rolling down my face，mixing with the rain．Not only did the driver's good intention ⑤warm my heart(温暖了我的心)but also became a reminder to pay it forward．
题型组合练(十一)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·广西南宁模拟)
Does an apple a day keep diseases away There has never been a clear answer agreeable to the whole medical profession．However，recent research may finally provide some insights．
A team of nine researchers based at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China gathered more than 200 apple-related medical studies from the past decades．They painstakingly dug into these studies and ultimately published their reviews in Food Science and Nutrition．This comprehensive study shows the width of medical reports addressing a wide range of health questions，winding up with a thought-provoking (引人深思的) statement：“In conclusion，the effects of apples and apple derivatives (衍生物)，like apple juice，on disease risk reduction are both challenging and encouraging．”
Apples appeal to diverse audiences，ranging from scientists to anyone with a genuine taste for apples．They offer both tantalization and mystery，even—perhaps especially—to scientists studying the complexities of the human brain．A research team in Belgium makes a connection to apples while discussing how “activities of daily living are difficult to perform in a lab or clinic”．This idea briefs the challenge of translating everyday experiences into scientific inquiry．Moreover，a specific Japanese study explains the complexities involved in apple-centric research．The study presents a photograph with the words，“A subject，lying in an +fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) environment，performs a mock-peeling (模拟削皮) task while observing his hands，an apple，and a plastic knife model through a mirror．”
Though these studies reveal significant difficulties，they do not stop progress．“Chewing yellow apples，”an Iranian study published in 2021 suggests，“was discovered to be a more effective method in reducing dental diseases than chewing red apples or using toothbrushes．”This finding not only underlines the potential health benefits of apples but also invites further exploration into how various types of apples might contribute to overall well-being．The quest to answer whether an apple a day keeps diseases away continues，with each study adding another layer to our understanding of this beloved fruit．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨“一天一苹果能否远离疾病”，介绍相关研究进展、挑战及苹果对健康的潜在益处。
1．How did the researchers at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine conduct their study
A．By gathering a wide variety of apples．
B．By carrying out apple-related experiments．
C．By analyzing previous apple-centric studies．
D．By addressing health problems with apples．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，天津中医药大学的研究人员是通过分析以往以苹果为核心的研究来开展他们的研究的。故选C项。]
2．What does the underlined word “tantalization”in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Annoyance．　　　　 B．Confusion．
C．Appeal． D．Nutrition．
C　[词义猜测题。第三段第一、二句提到苹果“吸引”不同人群，“tantalization”与“mystery(神秘感)”并列，且应与“appeal(吸引力)”语义相关。结合选项，“tantalization”最可能意为“吸引力”，与“Appeal”相符。故选C项。]
3．Which concept is highlighted in paragraph 3
A．The challenge of apple-related research．
B．The connection between apples and the human brain．
C．The health benefits of apples confirmed by +fMRI technology．
D．The complexities of how apples affect the human brain medically．
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This idea briefs the challenge of translating everyday experiences into scientific inquiry．Moreover，a specific Japanese study explains the complexities involved in apple-centric research．”可知，第三段重点强调了与苹果相关的研究面临的挑战——包括将日常经验转化为科学研究的困难，以及研究本身的复杂性。故选A项。]
4．What viewpoint does the writer hold regarding the apple-related studies
A．They are innovative and practical．
B．They are low-efficient but engaging．
C．They are significant and comprehensive．
D．They are challenging but hold great potential．
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This comprehensive study shows...‘In conclusion，the effects of apples and apple derivatives，like apple juice，on disease risk reduction are both challenging and encouraging．’”以及第四段中的“Though these studies reveal significant difficulties，they do not stop progress．”可知，作者认为与苹果相关的研究虽然面临着很大的困难，但也在不断取得进展，发现了苹果在健康方面的潜在益处。故选D项。]
B
(2026·江苏南通模拟)
A new study gives all of us some extra motivation when it comes to getting outside and exercising：every day you manage to fit in an additional one-hour walk，you could be boosting your lifespan by an extra six hours．That's the approximate benefit if you're currently in the 25 percent least active people in the US，according to fitness tracker data analyzed by a team led by researchers from Griffith University in Australia．
If you're in the top 25 percent，an extra walk isn't as much of a boost—you've already received most of the health benefits from exercise—but the study also highlights and quantifies some of the key benefits of an active life．“If all individuals were as active as the top 25 percent of the population，Americans over the age of 40 could live an extra 5.3 years on average，”write the researchers in their published paper．“It can be any type of exercise to reach that top quartile (四分位数) but would roughly be the equivalent of just about three hours of walking per day．”
The team analyzed wearable activity data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US，which recruits 5，000 volunteers a year．To calculate how changes in activity levels can influence mortality (死亡) risk，researchers referenced the NHANES results against a life-table model (where mortality rates are tracked at specific age points) and previous research into exercise and lifespan．In this particular study，data on 824 participants were excluded because they didn't wear the trackers for long enough．
Suggesting that exercise leads to a longer life is nothing new，but quantifying and simplifying the benefits can grab attention—whether it's five minutes a day to reduce blood pressure or nine seconds a week to grow muscle．Now there's a new target to aim for：an extra hour's walk a day．If you find that too discouraging a prospect，remember that any amount of exercise makes a difference to health and well-being．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，每天额外散步一小时可能会延长寿命。这一结论基于对美国国家健康和营养调查数据的分析。
5．What does the new study find
A．Walking can cure some diseases effectively．
B．Perhaps daily walking can extend our lifespan．
C．Increasing exercise mostly benefits active people．
D．The less active people must exercise an hour a day．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“every day you manage to fit in an additional one-hour walk，you could be boosting your lifespan by an extra six hours”可知，新研究发现每天散步可能有助于延长寿命。故选B。]
6．How much daily walking is roughly needed to reach the top 25% active group
A．Nine seconds．　　 B．One hour．
C．Three hours． D．Five hours．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It can be any type of exercise to reach that top quartile but would roughly be the equivalent of just about three hours of walking per day．”可知，为了达到最活跃的25%人群的水平，每天大概需要散步三小时。故选C。]
7．What is the function of paragraph 3
A．Giving the example． B．Analyzing the data．
C．Predicting the effect． D．Explaining the method．
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team analyzed wearable activity data from..．and previous research into exercise and lifespan．”可知，第三段详细解释了研究团队是如何进行研究的，包括数据来源、研究方法和参考的模型等。因此，第三段的作用是解释研究方法。故选D。]
8．Why does the author mention “nine seconds a week to grow muscle”in the last paragraph
A．To compare three different types of exercise．
B．To emphasize the flexibility in setting exercise goals．
C．To demonstrate the precision of modern exercise research．
D．To highlight the advantage of walking over strength training．
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者提到“每周九秒增肌”是为了强调设定锻炼目标的灵活性，即使每天不能达到额外的散步一小时，任何运动量都是有价值的。因此，选项B符合题意。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·山东聊城模拟)
I grew up in a music-centered family．With an ambition of becoming a professional singer，I saved my 1 nature for the stage，not the athletic field．Everyone knew “Emily doesn't do 2 ．”So I chose to sit in the audience area，far 3 from the fast balls．Staying away from the competition area meant I could ensure my 4 and would never injure myself．
That changed when our family moved to the capital city of Türkiye，Ankara．I had difficulty 5 a new circle of friends．Yet it turned out that the most popular activity in my new community was tennis．If I wanted a 6 life，I would have to play it．I 7 myself on with reminders that it's always good to try new things．
After months of practice，I gained the 8 to join Cardio Tennis，a non-professional local team．Though 9 by the wonderful tennis skill of the team members，I decided to keep trying with their encouragement．The support from the team helped me 10 overcome my fears and discover another passion．
Now it seems that the seat in the audience area is just like my shield against appearing 11 and inexperienced．But by putting myself in the game，I develop a sense of 12 and learn a new skill．I might never be able to achieve a skill level beyond that of common 13 players，but I'm willing to try，learn and practice．And I'll keep 14 to play the game in the future．It turns out “Emily can do sports．”
The true victory，I've learned，lies not in decision but in the 15 to participate．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从不喜欢运动，到后来尝试打网球并逐渐爱上这项运动的经历，描述了作者如何克服恐惧、尝试新事物并最终发现新激情的过程。
1．A．competitive　　　　　　　 B．creative
C．decisive D．peaceful
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“With an ambition of becoming a professional singer”和下文“for the stage”可知，作者想成为一名专业歌手，所以作者很有竞争精神。故选A。]
2．A．homework B．sports
C．wrong D．training
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“far ________ from the fast balls”和“Staying away from the competition area”可知，作者不喜欢做运动。故选B。]
3．A．dismissed B．admired
C．removed D．distinguished
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“So I chose to sit in the audience area”和下文“Staying away from the competition area”可知，作者选择坐在观众区，远离运动场。故选C。]
4．A．silence B．promise
C．comfort D．safety
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据“would never injure myself”可知，作者追求的是安全。故选D。]
5．A．choosing B．maintaining
C．building D．encountering
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“a new circle of friends”和“Yet it turned out that the most popular activity in my new community was tennis．”可知，作者需要建立新的社交圈。故选C。]
6．A．stable B．healthy
C．social D．conventional
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Yet it turned out that the most popular activity in my new community was tennis．”可知，打网球既是一项运动也是一种社交活动。故选C。]
7．A．cheered B．forced
C．pushed D．motivated
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“reminders that it's always good to try new things”可知，作者通过提醒自己尝试新事物总是好的来为自己加油，鼓励自己去尝试打网球。故选A。]
8．A．excuse B．confidence
C．challenge D．friendship
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“months of practice”可知，作者经过了几个月的练习，对打网球有了信心。故选B。]
9．A．scared B．impressed
C．inspired D．ashamed
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“the wonderful tennis skill”可知，作者被队员们出色的网球技术吓到，怕自己表现不好。故选A。]
10．A．frequently B．eventually
C．deliberately D．eagerly
B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“overcome my fears”可知，作者在队友的支持下最终克服了恐惧。故选B。]
11．A．cautious B．secure
C．weak D．unique
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“inexperienced”和上文提到的作者被队员们出色的网球技术吓到可知，作者担心自己在球场上会显得很脆弱且缺乏经验。故选C。]
12．A．relief B．justice
C．freedom D．accomplishment
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“learn a new skill”可知，作者通过参加网球比赛学习了一项新技能，所以说作者获得了成就感。故选D。]
13．A．ambitious B．distinctive
C．amateur D．associate
C　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“a non-professional local team”可知，作者是业余运动员。故选C。]
14．A．showing up B．giving away
C．speeding up D．settling down
A　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“play the game in the future”可知，以后，作者会继续到场参加比赛。故选A。]
15．A．adaptation B．struggle
C．vision D．courage
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“but I'm willing to try，learn and practice”和下文“to participate”可知，作者领悟到真正的胜利在于参与的勇气。故选D。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·安徽阜阳模拟)
There is no single type of exercise that can take care of all your needs． 1 Otherwise，it's like a diet consisting only of fruit—healthful as far as it goes，but lacking a lot of the nutrients you'll find in other foods，such as fish，vegetables，nuts，and whole grains．
So what does a balanced exercise plan consist of？The Physical Activity Guidelines urge all adults to include the following types of exercise in their weekly routines：
Often called cardio or endurance activities，aerobic (有氧的) activities are great for burning calories and cutting down unwanted fat． 2 Think of walking，biking，running，and swimming，for example．
Strength resistance training，which typically employs equipment such as weight machines，free weights，resistance bands or tubing，protects against bone loss and builds muscles．It also improves your body's ratio of lean muscle mass to fat． 3 Our sense of balance typically worsens as we age．It can be further weakened by medical conditions that can cause pain，and numbness in the feet． 4 Strength training exercises that work core muscles in your abdomen and back also help with balance．
Each workout should also include a simple warm-up at the beginning and a cool-down at the end．The warm-up should consist of gentle exercise，such as marching in place，to loosen up your muscles and get more oxygen-rich blood flowing to them． 5
A．It，too，deserves an important place in your exercise routine．
B．Balance-enhancing activities include tai chi，yoga，and Pilates．
C．They consist of activities that make the heart and lungs work harder．
D．A well-stretched muscle more easily achieves its full range of motion．
E．As you work towards improving balance，a medical alert system may help．
F．Actually，to get most benefits from your routine，you need a mix of activities．
G．To cool down，slow your activity for 5－10 minutes，and then finish with stretches．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如何制订均衡的锻炼计划。
1．F　[根据上文“There is no single type of exercise that can take care of all your needs．”以及下文“Otherwise，it's like a diet consisting only of fruit—healthful as far as it goes，but lacking a lot of the nutrients you'll find in other foods，such as fish，vegetables，nuts，and whole grains．”可知，没有一种锻炼方式可以满足你所有的需要，均衡饮食很重要。由此可知，此处最可能提到如均衡饮食一样，锻炼方式也要多样化。F选项“事实上，为了从日常生活中获得最大的好处，你需要多种多样的活动”符合语境，故选F。]
2．C　[根据上文“Often called cardio or endurance activities，aerobic activities are great for burning calories and cutting down unwanted fat．”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明有氧运动的作用。C选项“它们包括使心脏和肺更努力工作的活动”符合语境，故选C。]
3．A　[根据上文“Strength resistance training，which typically employs equipment such as weight machines，free weights，resistance bands or tubing，protects against bone loss and builds muscles．It also improves your body's ratio of lean muscle mass to fat．”可知，该空所在段说明了第二种锻炼方式，上文提到了力量训练的好处，因此此处最可能表明力量训练值得被加入锻炼计划中。A选项“它也应该在你的日常锻炼中占有重要的位置”符合语境，故选A。]
4．B　[下文“Strength training exercises that work core muscles in your abdomen and back also help with balance．”提到了有助于平衡，推测本句是在列举增强平衡的活动。B选项“增强平衡的活动包括太极拳、瑜伽和普拉提”符合语境，故选B。]
5．G　[上文“Each workout should also include a simple warm-up at the beginning and a cool-down at the end．The warm-up should consist of gentle exercise，such as marching in place，to loosen up your muscles and get more oxygen-rich blood flowing to them．”提到了热身运动，本句为本段最后一句，故应该说明结束运动。G选项“为了冷静下来，放慢运动速度5－10分钟，然后以伸展运动结束”符合语境，故选G。]
题型组合练(十二)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河南洛阳三模)
For many years，scientific studies have long recognized laughter as an effective treatment，particularly for patients dealing with depression，stress，and anxiety．The healing effects of laughter have been observed in patients with diverse medical conditions such as mental health disorders，cancer，and diabetes．However，a clinical trial recently published unearthed something more significant：Laughter therapy (疗法) might also hold the cure for dry eye disease (DED)．
Experts from China and the UK launched into a journey to investigate the effectiveness and safety of laughter exercises in patients struggling with DED symptoms．The trial involved 283 participants，aged between 18 and 45，and they were divided into two groups．The researchers ensured all participants had no other existing eye conditions，and recent contact lens (隐形眼镜) wearers or DED treatment users were excluded from the study．
The participants in the first group were asked to watch a video and speak like “hee hee hee，hah hah hah”30 times over a five-minute session．On the other hand，the second group treated their eyes only with eye drops four times a day．Both groups used the same app to track themselves．
After both treatments were stopped at eight weeks，the researchers observed that the average OSDI (眼表疾病指数量表) score in the laughter group was 10.5 points lower，indicating less discomfort．The eye drop group，in contrast，scored 8.83 points lower．Laughter exercise was not only as effective as traditional eye drops，but also showed noticeable improvements in mental health scores．What makes this discovery even more exciting is that there were no unfavorable events reported in either study group．
The researchers acknowledged some limitations that could have influenced the results，but they firmly believe that laughter exercise has the potential to improve DED symptoms substantially．“As a safe，environmentally friendly，and low-cost intervention，laughter exercise could serve as a first-line，homebased treatment for people with symptomatic dry eye disease，”the expert noted．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了笑声疗法在治疗眼干燥症方面的潜力及其对心理健康的积极影响。
1．What can be inferred about laughter therapy in paragraph 1
A．It's widely adopted．
B．It's newly appeared．
C．It can lead to DED．
D．It can discover many diseases．
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For many years，scientific studies have long recognized laughter as an effective treatment...The healing effects of laughter have been observed in patients with diverse medical conditions such as mental health disorders，cancer，and diabetes．”可知，笑声疗法被广泛认可，并被应用到多种疾病的治疗中。故选A项。]
2．Who is qualified for the experiment
A．A 40-year-old with healthy eyes．
B．A 17-year-old without eye diseases．
C．A 30-year-old suffering from DED at present．
D．A 45-year-old recovering from DED treatment．
C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Experts from China and the UK launched into a journey to investigate the effectiveness and safety of laughter exercises in patients struggling with DED symptoms...and recent contact lens wearers or DED treatment users were excluded from the study．”可知，符合实验条件的参与者应为目前没有其他眼部疾病且近期没有佩戴隐形眼镜或接受过眼干燥症治疗的眼干燥症患者。C选项“A 30-year-old suffering from DED at present．(一名30岁目前患有DED的患者)”符合实验要求。故选C项。]
3．What additional advantage does laughter have besides DED treatment
A．Preventing DED．
B．Improving mental well-being．
C．Increasing OSDI scores．
D．Replacing medical treatment．
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Laughter exercise was not only as effective as traditional eye drops，but also showed noticeable improvements in mental health scores．”可知，笑的训练除了能够治疗眼干燥症外，还能改善心理健康。故选B项。]
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．DED：A Disease Finding a Way to Cure
B．Why Laughter Relieves Mental Disorders
C．How a Clinical Trial Changes Medical Future
D．Laughter Exercise：A Novel Treatment for DED
D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“As a safe，environmentally friendly，and low-cost intervention，laughter exercise could serve as a first-line，homebased treatment for people with symptomatic dry eye disease”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究表明，笑的训练可以有效治疗眼干燥症，是一种安全且低成本的眼干燥症治疗手段。D项“笑的训练：治疗眼干燥症的新方法”能够概括文章内容，最适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。]
B
(2025·海南海口模拟)
As more and more Chinese are paying bigger attention to health and life quality，traditional Chinese exercises like tai chi and baduanjin are gaining increasing favor even among young people．
Zhou Hua，a university student，used to view tai chi and other traditional Chinese exercises as sports for elderly retirees because the moving was at a slow pace and their activities looked dull．But after surgery in the summer of 2022，Zhou could not participate in vigorous sports and had to earn school credits in tai chi and baduanjin．He has seen their benefits only after practicing regularly．Zhou said，“For students who lack exercise like me，tai chi and baduanjin enable us to work the entire body and activate internal organs．More importantly，such exercises emphasize a relaxed and calm mind that is good for one's health．”
The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity a week，or an average of 21 minutes a day．According to a national report，the number of people participating in traditional Chinese exercises last year was up nearly 8 percent．The report also noted that survey participants reported feeling more energetic，finding it easier to focus and remember，and experiencing fewer instances of cold hands and feet．
Zhang Yimin，an expert on sports and health，pointed out that traditional Chinese workouts focus on the coordination of the mind and body and matching movement to breathing and concentration．He agreed that such slow-paced workouts are particularly suitable for white-collar workers who suffer from insomnia，middle-aged and elderly people who are physically incapable of engaging in intense workouts．
Zhang Dandan，a 30-year-old white-collar worker，picked up baduanjin about half a year ago by following online tutorials，having been drawn in by its low impact and convenience．She could see the obvious improvement of her health and quality of life．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国传统锻炼方式在年轻人中的流行情况，以及不同人的练习经历和感受。
5．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A handbook of traditional Chinese exercises．
B．A review of a book about traditional Chinese exercises．
C．A news report about the popularity of traditional Chinese exercises．
D．An essay on the benefits of traditional Chinese exercises for the elderly．
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段“As more and more Chinese are paying bigger attention to health and life quality，traditional Chinese exercises like tai chi and baduanjin are gaining increasing favor even among young people．”以及文章内容可知，本文主要报道了中国传统锻炼方式在年轻人中的流行情况，以及不同人的练习经历和感受，符合新闻报道的特点。因此，文章最可能来自一篇关于中国传统锻炼方式流行情况的新闻报道。故选C项。]
6．Why did Zhou Hua begin to practice tai chi and baduanjin
A．To improve his grades in sports classes．
B．To compete in sports events on campus．
C．To get enough academic credits after an operation．
D．To popularize traditional Chinese exercises on campus．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“But after surgery in the summer of 2022，Zhou could not participate in vigorous sports and had to earn school credits in tai chi and baduanjin．”可知，周华开始练习太极和八段锦是为了在手术后获得足够的学分。故选C项。]
7．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．Tai chi and baduanjin are only for the elderly people．
B．The coordination of the mind and body is not that important．
C．Sleep quality can be improved through slow-paced workouts．
D．Concentration cannot be achieved through practicing breathing．
C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Zhang Yimin，an expert on sports and health，pointed out that traditional Chinese workouts focus on the coordination of the mind and body and matching movement to breathing and concentration．He agreed that such slow-paced workouts are particularly suitable for white-collar workers who suffer from insomnia，middle-aged and elderly people who are physically incapable of engaging in intense workouts．”可推断出，慢节奏的锻炼可以改善睡眠质量。故选C项。]
8．What is Zhang Dandan's attitude toward practicing baduanjin
A．Appreciative．　　 B．Ambiguous．
C．Doubtful． D．Cautious．
A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Zhang Dandan，a 30-year-old white-collar worker，picked up baduanjin about half a year ago by following online tutorials，having been drawn in by its low impact and convenience．She could see the obvious improvement of her health and quality of life．”可推断出，张丹丹练习八段锦之后，健康和生活质量有了明显的改善，由此可推知，她对练习八段锦持赞赏态度。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·江西九江模拟)
I didn't grow up as an athletic kid．In elementary school，my mom made me 1 soccer and basketball teams．But I'd rather 2 my head in a book．These feelings continued in early adulthood．I didn't work out 3 for years．When I did，I didn't find any 4 in it．
As I got older，it changed．I started taking group fitness classes， 5 different types of workouts．I started lifting weights，and felt thrilled in my 6 to lift a few more pounds．
Running came later．I started alone，and then joined a local running group．The people made the 7 fly by，and I loved it．My own 8 got me thinking about the fact that you can find your way to fitness at any 9 ．Over the past month，I've spent a lot of time with active older people learning about the 10 they've found in exercise．I've also talked to experts whose focus was 11 on fitness for the old．
As we've interviewed our older athletes over 50 about their fitness journeys，their common comment is that exercise can create and 12 social ties．At a mall in Annapolis，Snyder and two of her friends，both in their 70s，are in a walking group．When they miss seeing fellow runners on their 13 route，they are quick to check in and ensure everyone is OK．She called the walking community a big 14 family．Actually，she has been doing the walking for 20 years．She and the other women told us it was the walking community 15 for the old that keeps them going．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小不喜欢锻炼，没有从中找到任何乐趣。随着长大，作者开始参加团体健身课程，探索不同类型的锻炼。也开始反思一些关于锻炼的事实。
1．A．watch out for　　　 B．reach out for
C．make up for D．sign up for
D　[根据下文“soccer and basketball teams”可知，母亲让作者报名参加足球队和篮球队。故选D项。]
2．A．strike B．slide
C．stick D．swing
C　[根据下文“my head in a book”以及上文“I didn't grow up as an athletic kid．”可知，作者不喜欢运动，宁愿埋头看书。故选C项。]
3．A．clearly B．voluntarily
C．directly D．quickly
B　[根据上文“I didn't grow up as an athletic kid．”可知，作者不喜欢运动，不会自愿去锻炼。故选B项。]
4．A．consequence B．function
C．courage D．joy
D　[根据上文“When I did，I didn't find any”以及后文提到作者长大后才开始运动可知，一开始没有找到乐趣。故选D项。]
5．A．exploring B．overcoming
C．skipping D．attaching
A　[根据下文“different types of workouts”可知，此处指作者探索不同类型的锻炼。故选A项。]
6．A．request B．luck
C．ability D．approach
C　[根据下文“to lift a few more pounds”可知，此处指再举起几磅的能力，故选C项。]
7．A．gaps B．miles
C．conversations D．differences
B　[根据上文“Running came later．I started alone，and then joined a local running group．”可知，作者开始参加跑步，所以此处指跑步的英里数，“miles”最符合语境。故选B项。]
8．A．return B．failure
C．journey D．occasion
C　[根据下文“got me thinking about the fact that you can find your way to fitness”以及上文讲述了作者自己的锻炼经历，所以是这些锻炼历程让作者开始反思。故选C项。]
9．A．cost B．distance
C．school D．age
D　[下文“with active older people”提到了老人，推测本句想强调在任何年龄找到适合自己的健身方式。故选D项。]
10．A．benefits B．exchanges
C．favor D．nature
A　[根据下文“they've found in exercise”可知，此处指锻炼所带来的好处。故选A项。]
11．A．urgently B．primarily
C．positively D．agreeably
B　[根据下文“on fitness for the old”可知，这些专家主要专注于老年人健身。故选B项。]
12．A．observe B．advertise
C．settle D．strengthen
D　[根据上文“their common comment is that exercise can create and”可知，运动可以建立和加强社会联系。故选D项。]
13．A．energetic B．individual
C．routine D．critical
C　[根据上文“At a mall in Annapolis，Snyder and two of her friends，both in their 70s，are in a walking group．”可知，这是一个小组，所以是指他们在常规路线上错过同伴时，他们会迅速检查并确保每个人都没事。故选C项。]
14．A．extended B．exposed
C．guaranteed D．neglected
A　[根据上文“She called the walking community a big”可知，大家因为锻炼聚集在一起，所以她把步行社区称为一个大家庭(big extended family)。故选A项。]
15．A．intended B．recognized
C．promised D．sheltered
A　[根据上文“it was the walking community”以及下文“for the old”可知，这个步行社区主要是针对(be intended for)老年人设立的，故选A项。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·山东泰安模拟)
Weight management has stimulated widespread interest in China，prompting various regions to take diverse measures and establish specialized clinics．Striking data shows that 19% of minors 1．________ (age) 6－17 and 10% of children under 6 are overweight or obese，with half of adults sharing the same problem，highlighting the 2．____________ (urgent) of the issue．
In response，Peking University People's Hospital takes the lead by forming a multidisciplinary (多学科) team devoted mainly 3．____________ solving diseases caused by obesity．Since 2017，its medical weight loss clinic has provided holistic treatment，covering lifestyle adjustment，medications，and surgeries．The treatment of obesity 4．____________ (tailor) to each individual and a precise plan is developed based on a thorough assessment of their condition，integrating medical care with lifestyle management 5．____________ (help) patients reduce pounds and prevent weight regain．
To further support patients，6．____________ concept of a health-focused weight loss camp has been introduced．This camp offers physical assessments，personalized weight loss plans，7．____________ education on scientific weight management．It also emphasizes the cultivation of healthy eating and exercise habits，8．____________ are crucial for long-term weight control and the prevention treatment of obesity-related diseases．
9．____________ (recognize) that weight management is a long-term process，the camp fosters group interactions，allowing patients to 10．________ (active) find weight loss partners and encourage each other on their journey to a healthy weight．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国体重管理问题的严峻现状及应对措施。
1．aged　[考查非谓语动词。age在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语minors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填aged。]
2．urgency　[考查名词。空处作宾语，表示“紧迫性”应用名词urgency，不可数。故填urgency。]
3．to　[考查介词。be devoted to为固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故填to。]
4．is tailored　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为The treatment of obesity，谓语用单数。故填is tailored。]
5．to help　[考查非谓语动词。help在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to help。]
6．the　[考查冠词。表示“……的概念”应用短语the concept of。故填the。]
7．and　[考查连词。physical assessments，personalized weight loss plans与education on scientific weight management为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。]
8．which　[考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。]
9．Recognizing　[考查非谓语动词。recognize在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语camp构成主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Recognizing。]
10．actively　[考查副词。修饰动词find应用副词actively，作状语。故填actively。]

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