资源简介

1．occur vi．发生，出现；存在于(occurrence n．发生的事情；发生；出现)
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb．that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb．to do sth． 某人突然想起要做某事。
◎It never occurred to me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest．
我从没想过他会在写作比赛中取得如此大的成功。
2．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt．供应，供给，提供
◎supply and demand　　　 供求关系
supply sth．to sb．/supply sb．with sth．
给某人提供某物
◎be in short supply 供应短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
◎In addition，the summer camp supplies members with a chance to visit some museums．
此外，夏令营还为会员提供了参观一些博物馆的机会。
◎(2025·全国二卷)Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant，supermarket，and supply chain industries．
食品浪费在餐饮、超市和供应链行业已成为一个日益令人担忧的问题。
3．inform vt．了解，熟悉；通知(informed adj．有见识的；消息灵通的 information n．信息)
◎inform sb．of/about sth．
　　 通知某人某事
inform sb．that...
通告或告知某人……
◎keep sb．informed of/about sth．
让某人了解某事；通告某人某事
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places that are not well-sampled．
生物多样性应用程序可利用我们的研究结果告知用户过度采样的区域，并引导他们前往采样不足的地方。
4．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 vt．驱动 n．有影响力的大国；军事强国(powerful adj．强大的；有权势的；有影响力的；健壮的)
be in power　　　　　 掌权；执政
come to power 上台；执政
in/within one's power 在某人的能力或权力范围之内
out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力或权力
◎She felt energetic，refreshed and powerful and believed she could overcome any obstacle in her life，including her poor sense of direction．
她感到精力充沛，神清气爽，充满力量，她相信自己可以克服生活中的任何障碍，包括她糟糕的方向感。
5．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(relieve vt．使轻松，宽慰；缓解 relieved adj．感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的)
◎with relief　　 　 欣慰地，释然地；松了口气
to one's relief(＝to the relief of sb．)
让某人宽慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
What a relief! 可轻松了！
◎relieve sb．of... 将某人从……中解脱出来；
帮助某人减轻(负担)
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)The man froze for a second，but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief．
那个男人愣了一秒钟，但当他看到那个瘦小的男孩时，便松了一口气。
6．confirm vt．证实，确认；使确信；批准(confirmation n．证实；确认书)
◎confirm sth．/that...
　　　　　　 证实某事/确定……
confirm a theory/rumour 证实一种理论/谣言
confirm one's belief/determination
坚定某人的信念/决心
confirm sb．in sth． 使某人确信某事
◎It has been confirmed that... 已经确定/证实……
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或五人以上的团体需要特殊安排，且必须提前确认。
7．scare vt．& vi．惊吓，害怕n．恐慌；惊吓(scared adj．害怕的；恐惧的 scary adj．令人害怕的；恐怖的；吓人)
◎scare ...away/off　 把……吓跑
scare sb．into/out of doing sth． 恐吓某人做/不做某事
◎be scared to death 被吓死
be scared to do sth．＝be scared of doing sth．
害怕做某事
◎(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter．
例如，几乎所有动物都有独特的叫声，它们依靠这些叫声来求助、吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。
8．run out of 用完，耗尽；从……跑出
◎run out　　　　　　　　 用完；耗尽
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽
◎run into 撞上；遇到
run across 偶然遇见
run for 竞选；赶着去做
◎David's energy was running/giving out，but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he charged towards the finish line with all his strength．
大卫的精力快要耗尽，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他竭尽全力冲向终点线。
9．hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物；坚持(信念、梦想等)
hold back　　 阻挡；妨碍进展；隐瞒；控制(感情等)；
(使)犹豫
hold on 挺住；(电话用语)别挂断；稍等
hold up 举起；支撑；延迟；阻碍
◎There are numerous stories about people who ultimately achieved great success by holding on to their beliefs．
这里有很多关于人们通过坚持自己的信念最终取得巨大成功的故事。
1．At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open．(in case引导目的状语从句)
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开。
2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape．(the moment引导时间状语从句)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
3． Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(might have done表对过去发生的事情的推测)
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
4．独立主格结构
Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other．
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。
◎独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰整个句子；可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开；表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
◎独立主格结构的形式：
名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)；
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)；
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)；
名词/代词＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
◎(改编自《每日电讯》)The bus coming here soon，we should get everything ready．
公共汽车很快就要来了，我们得准备好所有东西。
5．as if/though从句中的虚拟语气
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors．
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点都没有变色。
◎He opened his mouth as if he were to say something．
＝He opened his mouth as if to say something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．occur
①The occurrence (occur) of cheating on exams has led the school to adopt a new monitoring system to ensure academic integrity．
②It seldom occurs to the hikers to wander (wander) a bit，and take a moment to see what's around them．
③The team is studying the reactions occurring (occur) in the chemical experiment．
④(读后续写之心理描写)我突然想到，这只熊可能会被我们的大蒜面包的气味吸引，所以我把面包尽可能地向远处扔去。
It occurred to/struck/hit me that the bear might be attracted by the smell of our garlic bread，so I threw the bread as far as I could．
2．supply
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Since I must carry all of my food and supplies (supply) with me，my bag weighs about 30 kilograms．
②In previous times when fresh meat was in short supply，pigeons were kept by many households as a source of meat．
③(读后续写之动作描写)那位热心的女士给了我们一些食物，并主动联系了警察。
The warm-hearted woman supplied us with some food/supplied some food to us and offered to contact the police．
3．inform
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed (inform) choices about how they use the money they have．
②I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed (inform) about our project of volunteering at an organization．
③(应用文写作之道歉信/邀请信)我很抱歉地告诉你，周末我不能和你外出了。
I'm sorry to inform you that I will fail to go out with you this weekend．
④你能提前告知我你的计划，以便我据此做出安排吗？
Would you please inform me of/about/keep me informed of/about your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly
4．power
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 9)As Einstein said，“Science is a powerful (power) instrument...”
②The government came to power in 2020 and has been in power for less than seven years．
③It is said that my friend is in trouble．I will do everything in my (I) power to help him．
④(读后续写之环境描写)漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。
The dark，rainy evening，the wind，and the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power．
⑤很抱歉，我没有权力对这个项目做最后的决定。
I am sorry it's out of/beyond my power to make a final decision on the project．
5．relief
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 5)Music gave me strength and brought me relief (relieve)．
②冈特不仅让我摆脱了眼前手头拮据的担忧，而且还向我展示了善良和信任的力量。
Not only did Gunter relieve me of my immediate financial worry，but he also showed me the power of kindness and trust．
③(读后续写之心理描写)令我们松了一口气的是，直升机在那只熊把围栏拆掉之前到达了。
To our relief/To the relief of us，the helicopter arrived before the bear tore down the fence．
6．confirm
①They worked out an effective method，which was confirmed (confirm) by the leadership．
②The recent airplane crash confirms me in my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed．
③I'm still waiting for confirmation (confirm) from the travel agency about my tickets．
④(应用文写作之通知)已经确定我们将去爬山，在那里我们可以野餐。
It has been confirmed that we will go to climb a mountain，where we can have a picnic．
7．scare
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 6)People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse．
②She was scared to go (go) into the yard because a big dog was in it．
③Some parents try to scare their children into behaving (behave) well．
④They lighted a fire to scare away/off the wolves．
⑤(应用文写作之心理描写)攀岩是一件有趣的事，但我从一开始就吓得要死。
Rock climbing was a fun thing，but I was scared to death from the start．
8．run out of
用run out、run out of、use up、give out的适当形式填空
Halfway to the destination，we had already ①used up/run out of food and drinking water．My husband and I wanted to find a motel before our gas ②ran out/gave out/was used up，but without luck，our car finally broke down and we had to walk all the way forward．An hour and a half later，we arrived at a motel at last with my strength almost ③giving out/running out/used up．But to our despair，we found that our money had been ④used up．What a day!
9．hold on to
①We've decided to hold on to the old furniture that we were thinking of selling，because it might be valuable．
②Hold on for a minute．I've just got to put on my make-up．
③He held up the map so it could be seen more clearly．
④(读后续写之主旨升华)任何人只要坚持自己的梦想，即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。
Anyone can fly even without wings，as long as they hold on to their dreams．
⑤(读后续写之神态描写)她踌躇着不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
She held back，not knowing how to tell the terrible news．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．What was his reaction (react) to the news that his stepfather passed away
2．Four police officers suffered serious injuries (injury) in the explosion．
3．The volcano's eruption (erupt) would mean a disaster for the city．
4．You can of course help by giving them a donation (donate) directly．
5．The first thing he looked at was the location (locate) of his office．
6．The woman in the shop looked at them curiously (curious)．
7．Though Tom left his family at an early age，they don't feel distant (distance)．
8．Fire is one of the most common and extremely destructive (destroy) disasters．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．We walked beyond the forest and found a beautiful lake，which was beyond our expectations beyond the distant mountains．
①prep．在(或向)……的那一边；越过……
②prep．超出　③prep．在(或向)……的那一边
2．The flood brought a flood of mud that flooded the entire village beyond the river．
①n．洪水　②n．大批，大量　③v．淹没
3．The historian found an ancient document that documented the king's life and used it to document the authenticity of the artifact．
①n．文件；文献　②v．记录　③v．用文件证明
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The young teacher made signals to her students to exit the classroom in a hurry．
n．信号
2．A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus． v．撞击
3．In that area making a complaint is quite a simple procedure． n．程序
4．The boy's pencil isn't sharp，so he sharpens it with his sharpener．
n．铅笔刀
5．He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see the look on his face．
adj．令人震惊的
6．After he came to power，everyone said he was a powerful leader，but now he even can't save his daughter． adj．有权势的
7．The couple hugged each other when they heard the exciting news． v．拥抱
8．At last，after twenty hours on the boat，they arrived at their destination．
n．目的地
9． The violent eruption of volcanos sometimes makes many people lose their lives． n．火山
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．他在听讲座时做笔记，以免忘记重要内容。(in case)
He took notes during the lecture in case he forgot something important．
2． 他冲进房间，好像发生了什么事似的。 (as if )
He rushed into the room as if something had happened．
3．队员们一听到自己赢得了冠军，就开心地互相拥抱在一起。(the moment)
The moment the team members heard they had won the championship，they hugged each other with joy．
4．多一分耐心，或许就能帮我们顺利解决这个问题。(might have done)
Some extra patience might have helped us solve the problem smoothly．
5．所有准备就绪后，队伍一大早出发，以确保他们在日落之前到达顶峰。(独立主格结构)
All preparations made，the team set off early in the morning to ensure they reached the summit before sunset．
假定你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①得知你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我感到非常遗憾。(break out)
I'm deeply sorry to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown．
②我希望借此机会向那些在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(sympathy and concern)
I wish to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake．
③得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我感到宽慰。(relieved)
Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I feel relieved．
④他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全把他们的安全抛在身后，这值得我们尊重和钦佩。(in ruins)
They have risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration．
⑤在政府和全国各地人民的帮助下，我们没有必要感到害怕。(there is no need...)
With the aid of the government and people across the country，there is no need for us to be scared．
⑥虽然你们深受地震的影响，但我坚信一切都会好起来的，灾区很快就会有序恢复。(recover in an orderly way)
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I'm fully convinced that everything will be fine and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Dear friends，
I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union．I'm deeply sorry to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown．
I wish to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake．Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，I feel relieved．They have risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins，totally leaving their safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration．What's more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，there is no need for us to be scared．
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I'm fully convinced that everything will be fine and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon．
Yours，
Li Hua
形容词 desperate，odd，violent，uneasy 副词 increasingly，wildly
名词 relief，possession，hurricane 动词 (短语) confirm，inform，crash，occur to，keep one's head，stream down
心理描写 ①shock v．/n．震惊 ②scare vi．害怕 ③hopeless adj．绝望的 ④frighten v．使惊吓；使惊恐 ⑤It dawned on me/him that...我/他突然意识到…… 动作描写 ①suddenly strike 突然侵袭 ②cut off 切断；砍断 ③have sth．done结构，表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情” ④take measures/steps to do sth．采取措施做某事 ⑤struggle to do sth．挣扎做某事
心情沉重 sink into hopelessness 陷入绝望 化险为夷 help me get out帮助我出来
微情景1　“被大雨困住”——丈夫来后“化险为夷”
①Never have I experienced such a hopeless moment (我从未经历过如此绝望的时刻) in my life．I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs．Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face (恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水从我的脸上流了下来)．What's worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly．I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for me (死亡正在等着我)．④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness (我被扔进一个黑暗的世界且陷入了绝望)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but no one could hear．I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came to my rescue (这时我的丈夫Joe来救了我)．He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car．
微情景2　“飓风光临”——政府补助
A violent hurricane ①suddenly struck (突然侵袭) the town yesterday，causing many houses to fall down．Many big trees lay on the road as if ②cut off (砍断)．The whole town had ③no power (停电)．The water supply was also cut off in some villages．Many people ④had their possessions buried (他们的财产被埋) under the ruins，thus becoming homeless．⑤To their relief(令他们感到宽慰的是)，the government ⑥took quick reactions and measures in time(迅速回应并及时采取措施) to help them out after it occurred．
题型组合练(十九)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽芜湖期末)
Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona，in north-eastern Spain，for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town．There are injuries and deaths every year，but the event is of interest to many people．A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds．
That is a useful topic to explore．Architects，civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire，a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞)．Unfortunately，solid information is hard to come by．Daniel Parisi，the paper's lead author，realized that the Pamplona bull running offered the perfect natural experiment．
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019，and filmed the runners as the animals were released．Later in the lab，they calculated the speed of the runners，the density (密度) of the crowd，the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed．
Perhaps unsurprisingly，the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near．Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up，which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up，in order to lower the risk of a collision，which could lead to a fall and，perhaps，injury or death．
Yet it seems that，in the heat of the moment，people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other，and do not slow down．The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels，bridges and other passages that restrict flow．The only option may well be to make them broad enough．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Daniel Parisi将西班牙潘普洛纳的奔牛节活动当作自然实验场景，观察人们在危险中是如何表现的，以启示建筑设计师。
1．What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona
A．They recorded runners in a bull-run event．
B．They proved their theory．
C．They watched a thrilling bullfight．
D．They designed a psychological experiment．
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr Parisi and his team...the animals were released．”可知，2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳的两处不同的屋顶，拍摄了动物被放出时奔跑者的表现。由此可知，Parisi博士和他的团队记录了奔牛活动中的奔跑者，故选A项。]
2．What was the unexpected finding in the study
A．People slowed down in crowded areas．
B．Collisions posed a danger to bull-runners．
C．Bulls' coming near made people run faster．
D．People tended to speed up in high-density crowds．
D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up”可知，令人想不到的是，研究发现，奔跑者的速度随着人群密度的增加而加快。由此可知，研究中让人意外的发现是在高密度人群中，人们往往会加速，故选D项。]
3．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．People lose their minds in disasters．
B．Future tunnels and bridges may be wider．
C．Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collisions．
D．Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding with each other．
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The responsibility therefore...make them broad enough．”可知，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制人流量的通道的建设，唯一的选择可能是使它们变得足够宽阔。由此可推知，未来的隧道和桥梁很可能会更宽，故选B项。]
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．How the Crowds React to Panic
B．Bull Running Catches on in Spain
C．Dr Parisi's Finding Shocks the World
D．What Architects Can Learn from Bull Running
D　[标题归纳题。浏览全文，尤其是文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文通过奔牛节活动来引出话题，并将此作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景，以便在城市建筑设计师规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制人流量的通道时给出启示。故本文的最佳标题是D项。]
B
(2026·江苏苏州模拟)
Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall，the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to some of her fans on the Internet．Orr，who has been reporting the weather for forty-two years，is regarded by many residents as a prophet (预言家)．Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm． “And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．” She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm “Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，” she said．“The high-pressure moves off to the east and pushes the storm system our way．”
Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station，but Orr preferred to go home，where she had running water but no electricity．She could handle not having an air conditioner．The trick，she said，was to take a cold shower．Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，“I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．” In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．Orr tried to respond to everyone．This dedication earned her great respect from the residents．
Orr has always been fascinated by the weather．In 1965，when she was twelve years old，the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family's house in New Orleans．She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．“I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，” she said．
“Bad weather happens everywhere，” she said．“Every now and then，you'll see people saying，why do you live there Well，I live here because it's my home．This is where I grew up．This is the place I love．” She went on，“After Hurricane Katrina，I thought，could I live anywhere else And I decided，no，I couldn't．” She added，“As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl，‘I even love the dirt．’”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了气象学家Margaret Orr在飓风艾达来袭期间坚守岗位，为民众提供专业且鼓舞人心的天气解读，赢得广泛尊重。尽管家乡常受自然灾害侵袭，她依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地。
5．Orr's explanation about sunshine before a storm can be described as ________．
A．poetic but abstract
B．scientific but tricky
C．encouraging and professional
D．strange and inaccurate
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．’ She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm ‘Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，’ she said．‘The high-pressure moves off to the east and pushes the storm system our way．’”可知，Orr首先表示阳光象征希望，然后用专业气象术语解释现象，她的解释既饱含鼓励，又很专业。故选C。]
6．Why did Orr find the lack of the Internet at home a “hardship”？
A．She couldn't access weather data for forecasts．
B．She was unable to respond to people's questions．
C．She needed online resources for air conditioners．
D．She missed watching news about the hurricane．
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，‘I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．’In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．”可知，Orr认为家里没有互联网是一种“困难”，是因为她无法回答别人的问题。故选B。]
7．What childhood experience sparked Orr's fascination with weather
A．Watching weather reports on television．
B．Reading books about hurricanes at school．
C．Seeing the stars in the eye of Hurricane Betsy．
D．Helping neighbors rebuild after Hurricane Betsy．
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather．”和“She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．‘I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，’ she said．”可知，童年时在飓风眼中望向天空见繁星的经历激发了Orr对天气的迷恋。故选C。]
8．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph
A．Natural disasters are a common threat all over the world．
B．People online don't understand her deep love for her home．
C．She decided to stay mainly because of her daughter's opinion．
D．Emotional attachment is what ties people to their hometown．
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管新奥尔良常受自然灾害侵袭，Orr依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地，承载着她深厚的情感归属。由此推知，作者想表达的是，情感依恋是把人们与家乡联系在一起的东西。故选D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江西九江模拟)
On May 12th，2008，an 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck Wenchuan County．Li Qiang，then a high school student，was in physics class．The school building collapsed， 1 him in the ruins．Li was later rescued，but his legs，severely injured，had to be 2 ．
For months，Li sank into deep 3 and closed himself off．Feeling 4 about the future and his parents' aging，Li made a difficult but life-changing 5 ： he would learn to live with his artificial legs．
The process of recovery was extremely 6 ，but with dogged determination，Li gradually 7 the ability to walk．He then returned to school and got admitted into university．After graduation，he worked at an educational institution．
Outside of work，Li often 8 videos about his life with artificial legs online．People facing similar struggles 9 his story，and many shared their mental and physical challenges during recovery．It 10 Li to see them stuck in homes due to limited mobility and fear of people's 11 ．
Therefore，Li decided to make a 12 in helping those in need．He worked as a therapist (治疗专家) to help disabled people find 13 artificial legs and train them to walk freely again．
“I hope that one day when we walk down the street with artificial legs，we are treated as 14 as those with glasses，” said Li，“I'll help more disabled people to move about independently and enjoy life in the way they 15 ．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了李强在汶川地震中失去了双腿，但他凭借顽强的毅力，逐渐恢复了行走的能力，学会使用假肢生活。同时他也开始从事治疗专家的工作，帮助更多残疾人过正常生活。
1．A．trapping　　　　　 B．risking
C．pounding D．shaking
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“Li was later rescued”可知，他被困在废墟中，后来得救了。故选A。]
2．A．examined B．wrapped
C．removed D．fixed
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“learn to live with his artificial legs”可知，腿因为受伤被截肢移除了。故选C。]
3．A．regret B．loneliness
C．shock D．depression
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“and closed himself off”可知，因为截肢，李强把自己封闭了起来，陷入了深深的沮丧之中。故选D。]
4．A．particular B．concerned
C．cautious D．ignorant
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“about the future and his parents' aging”可知，做出这个决定是因为担心未来和父母老去。故选B。]
5．A．request B．decision
C．agreement D．investment
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“he would learn to live with his artificial legs”可知，做出学会用假肢生活的决定，应用decision。故选B。]
6．A．tough B．boring
C．complex D．strict
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“but with dogged determination”中but表示转折可知，康复的过程非常艰难，但凭借顽强的毅力，李强逐渐恢复了行走的能力。故选A。]
7．A．researched B．reviewed
C．regained D．remembered
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“the ability to walk”可知，李强逐渐恢复了行走的能力。故选C。]
8．A．posted B．downloaded
C．watched D．commented
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“videos about his life with artificial legs online”可知，在网上发布视频应用post。故选A。]
9．A．relied on B．referred to
C．made up D．related to
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据前文“People facing similar struggles”以及后文“many shared their mental and physical challenges during recovery”可知，面临类似困境的人和他的故事产生共鸣，许多人分享了他们在康复过程中遇到的精神和身体上的挑战。故选D。]
10．A．confused B．annoyed
C．surprised D．pained
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“to see them stuck in homes due to limited mobility”可知，看到他人的挣扎，让李强感到悲痛。故选D。]
11．A．expectation B．judgment
C．complaint D．requirement
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文“fear of people's”可知，那些分享人害怕别人的评价，故选B。]
12．A．donation B．fortune
C．career D．mark
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“He worked as a therapist to help disabled people”可知，他决定以帮助有需要的人为职业。故选C。]
13．A．suitable B．delicate
C．appealing D．permanent
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“artificial legs and train them to walk freely again”可知，他的工作是帮助残疾人找到合适的假肢，并训练他们再次自由行走。故选A。]
14．A．mindfully B．seriously
C．equally D．patiently
C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据后文“as those with glasses”可知，他希望有一天他们戴着假肢走在街上时，能和戴眼镜的人一样受到平等的对待。故选C。]
15．A．control B．design
C．change D．deserve
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“enjoy life in the way they”可知，此处指帮助残疾人以他们应得的方式享受生活。故选D。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖南雅礼中学模拟)
In 2023，a wildfire destroyed the coastal town of Lahaina on the Hawaiian island of Maui．Within days，the University of Hawaii at Manoa began setting up a response group． 1 I led the work related to coastal water quality，because I was already working with the island's community to understand the stresses that can affect coral-reef health．
We formed a team and started to work out what we needed to begin sampling and we also felt a bit worried． 2 Our team sampled at various sites across the coastline—including nine within the burn-zone area—focusing on everything that we thought might stress the ocean that could result from an urban fire．We looked at nutrients，organic contaminants (污染物) and microorganisms．
3 They held complex electronic sensors that measure the water's temperature and pressure，as well as its oxygen，pH levels and clarity，every 10 seconds for months and months．
We've measured high levels of some metals，particularly near the harbour．But those concentrations have been declining since the fire，so we think they were associated mostly with the burning of boats and harbour buildings．The concentrations of things that we might worry about have gone down since the fire． 4
Our research has achieved remarkable results．We've identified previously unknown relations between wildfire-related pollutants and coral reefs． 5 These findings have not only filled significant gaps in scientific knowledge，but also provided practical insights for conservation strategies．Our community and our culture are so heavily connected to the ocean．
A．It's a hard but meaningful job．
B．I often checked our sensing stations．
C．Our work has received widespread praise．
D．The purpose is to focus on the fire's impacts on the sea．
E．We contributed to the protection of Hawaii's coral reefs．
F．Perhaps these contaminants were buried or washed into the ocean．
G．The reason is that we hadn't experienced an urban wildfire near a reef．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2023年，夏威夷毛伊岛拉海纳镇野火肆虐。随后夏威夷大学马诺阿分校组建小组，作者带队针对野火对沿海水质及污染物的影响展开研究。经不懈努力，团队取得显著成果，获得了各方赞誉。
1．D　[此空设于段中，与上文存在着解释关系。上一句提到“夏威夷大学马诺阿分校开始组建一个应对小组”，D项“目的在于聚焦火灾对海洋的影响”正好是对此小组的进一步解释。]
2．G　[此空设于段中，与上文存在因果关系。上一句说到“我们也有点担心”，这正好与G项 “原因是我们之前没有经历过发生在珊瑚礁附近的城市野火”形成因果关系。 ]
3．B　[此空设于段首，是此段的主题句。此句后面的“它们装有复杂的电子传感器，这些传感器连续数月，每 10 秒测量一次水的温度、压力，以及水中氧气含量、酸碱度和清澈度”正好是对此工作的详细解释。]
4．F　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在着解释关系。上一句提到“自火灾发生以来，我们可能担心的那些物质的浓度已经下降了”，F项“或许这些污染物被掩埋了，或者被冲进了大海”正好是对此的进一步解释。]
5．C　[此空设于段中，与上文存在因果关系。上面两句说到“我们的研究取得了显著成果。我们发现了野火相关的污染物与珊瑚礁之间此前未知的联系”，C项“我们的工作获得了广泛赞誉”正好是结果。]
题型组合练(二十)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽黄山模拟)
As recent flooding in Spain and elsewhere revealed，every minute of warning given to people ahead of a possible flood can save lives and property．A new paper in the journal Hydrology may help ameliorate flood evacuation work with the help from a machine learning model．
PhD candidate Ahmed and professor Samuel Li created a method that uses artificial intelligence to more accurately predict short-term river discharge (流出量)．They based their research on measuring the rate of water movement between two existing measuring stations on the Ottawa River and adopted historical data collected over decades by the Government of Canada as well as extra data on rainfall，temperature and so on．
Once input into the machine learning model，these data provided reliable estimates on daily discharge and gave real-time data on how much water was moving through a particular cross section in the river．“The newly developed method gives us more accurate forecast probabilities compared to those that make predictions daily or over multiple days，” Ahmed says．“These are all based on probabilities，and the probability increases as the forecasting time decreases．”
The researchers built on an existing type of algorithm (算法) called the group method of data handling．This method constructs predictive models by sorting and combining data into groups，where they are computed in different combinations repeatedly until the best and most reliable data combination is identified．It's important to note that it does not necessarily use all the predictors or weigh them equally．And the model changes depending on the time frame．
“As this technique matures，people will be able to check river discharge estimates on their phones，just like they do a weather forecast，” Li says．“Instead of giving them the estimates for temperatures or rainfall at some point in the future，we can give them the water levels．” To Ahmed，this model is only one tool he hopes to use ahead of disastrous flooding．“With this tool，we can help people predict which roads will be available for evacuation，which would give the local transportation system real-time action plans that can save lives and property．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用一些基于天气的参数创造了一种基于人工智能技术的机器学习模型，实现了短期内洪水风险的精确预测。
1．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” mean in paragraph 1
A．Observe．　　　　　 B．Research．
C．Improve． D．Predict．
C　[词义猜测题。画线词所在句前一句说到，洪水警报每提前一分钟就可以挽救很多生命和财产，后半句又说到机器学习模型对洪水疏散相关工作起作用，可以推断这一模型应该是让疏散工作变得更好，画线词意为“改善、改进”，这与C选项相符合。故选C。]
2．How did the researchers collect data
A．By sending commands to the AI．
B．By establishing measuring stations．
C．By borrowing some official records．
D．By calculate the frequency of rainfall．
C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，该团队采用了加拿大政府几十年来收集的历史数据，即他们借用了一些来自官方的记录，这与C选项相符合。故选C。]
3．Why is the input data processed repeatedly
A．To form as many combinations as possible．
B．To determine the weight of different data．
C．To find out the most persuasive predictor．
D．To polish the model based on former ones．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句可知，这种算法将数据不断进行分类、组合并进行反复计算以识别最佳的数据组合。反复处理数据得到的最佳组合对应最具说服力的预测依据。故选C。]
4．What does Ahmed expect the model to do
A．Provide information through apps．
B．Measure the real-time water levels．
C．Develop ways to prevent floods．
D．Reduce the actual harm of floods．
D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，哈迈德希望利用该模型来预测洪水来临时可用于疏散的道路并提供实时交通规划，从而挽救生命和财产，可以推断哈迈德希望这个模型能够减轻洪水对人们生命和财产的实际危害，这与D选项相符合。故选D。]
B
(2025·浙江绍兴模拟)
The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (成为三倍) in the last 50 years．If a major natural disaster hits a city，more lives will be in danger．Meanwhile，extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent than ever due to climate change．How can we deal with this growing threat
Luckily，AI is stepping up to help．Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference．In October 2024，experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land．AI is also being used to warn the public more efficiently．The U．S．National Weather Service has partnered with the AI translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese．This could shorten the time to translate a warning from an hour to just ten minutes．
Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years．But recent advances have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting．Traditional models，which rely on complex equations to simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere，require supercomputers．As a result，they can take hours to generate a single forecast．By contrast，AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of climate data．This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments．
However，AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on，which can be a problem in some places．Poorer regions，often at the greatest risk of climate disasters，typically have fewer weather sensors．The ones they do have are often poorly maintained，creating gaps in climate data．AI systems trained on this skewed (不准确的) data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts．In addition，unlike physics-based models，which follow set rules，AI models become more and more complex．As they advance，these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”，where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (易识破的)．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI在应对城市自然灾害威胁方面的应用、优势以及面临的挑战。
5．What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities
A．Outdated weather models in cities．
B．Low disaster risk awareness in cities．
C．Urban growth raises disaster risks．
D．Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities．
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，城市人口增长增加了灾难发生的风险，导致城市自然灾害威胁日益增长。故选C。]
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on
A．Government's efforts in disaster relief．
B．Limitations of traditional weather forecasts．
C．Economic impact of disasters on urban areas．
D．AI's role in improving disaster preparedness．
D　[段落大意题。通读第二段，尤其是根据第二段中的“Luckily，AI is stepping up to help．Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a difference．”可知，第二段主要聚焦于AI在提高灾害防范能力方面的作用。故选D。]
7．How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models
A．AI learns from past data to predict more quickly．
B．AI is more transparent than physics-based models．
C．AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results．
D．AI needs no satellite data，using only ground sensors．
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，AI通过学习过去的数据来更快地预测，从而优于传统模型。故选A。]
8．What is the author's overall attitude toward AI's role in disaster response
A．Critical of its complexity．
B．Optimistic despite challenges．
C．Uncertain of its effectiveness．
D．Skeptical due to data limitations．
B　[观点态度题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者肯定 AI 在灾害应对中的积极作用；根据第三段中说到最近的进展提高了预报的准确性和速度。传统模型依赖复杂的方程式来模拟大气中水汽与空气的相互作用，需要超级计算机支持。因此，它们可能需要数小时才能生成一个预报。相比之下，人工智能气象模型通过对数十年气候数据的训练来学习识别模式。由此可知，作者强调AI的进步。根据第四段中说到基于这种有偏差的数据训练的人工智能系统可能不太准确，并对预测产生负面影响。由此可知，作者承认数据偏差和模型复杂性等挑战。所以作者认为人工智能在灾害应对中尽管存在挑战但仍持乐观态度。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽合肥模拟)
Hurricane Ian hit Florida and brought with it flooding，winds and a record high storm．
Karen is 84 years old and relies on a wheelchair to 1 because she lost a leg．Her son Johnny tried 2 to get her to leave，but she refused again and again—she 3 the intensity of the storm．
Johnny lives four blocks away．When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist，he knew he had to take 4 ．
First，Johnny 5 his kids were taken care of．He gave them food and opened the attic (阁楼) so that they could 6 through the roof if water continued to rise．Then，he jumped out of a window and began to 7 ．
Johnny was racing against the clock．He knew he only had a(n) 8 period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen's 9 ．It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks．The sound of Karen yelling was 10 to his ears! She was still alive!
Everyone in Johnny's family is now 11 although they've lost everything they owned．But they're 12 just to be here．
“I didn't lose 13 ．Life is like a computer，there're two 14 ：a reset and a power—and we are blessed that it was just a reset button，not the power，that got 15 ，” he said．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了猛烈的暴风雨发生时，Johnny游了四个街区，去救自己因缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲。虽然这场暴风雨让他们失去了家里所有的东西，但幸运的是，一家人都安全地活了下来，这是最令他们感激的。
1．A．get around　　　　　 B．help out
C．sit up D．work out
A　[由下文“because she lost a leg”可知，Karen缺少一条腿，所以她需要依靠轮椅四处走动，故选A。]
2．A．simply B．repeatedly
C．obviously D．particularly
B　[由下文“but she refused again and again”可知，她儿子再三试图让她离开家里，但是她一遍又一遍拒绝儿子的要求，故选B。]
3．A．calculated B．identified
C．experienced D．underestimated
D　[由第一段“Hurricane Ian hit Florida and brought with it flooding，winds and a record high storm．”和下文“When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist”可知，暴风雨强度很大，儿子尝试劝说她离开家里，但是她一次又一次地拒绝儿子的劝告，由此可知，她低估了暴风雨的强度，故选D。]
4．A．care B．place
C．action D．charge
C　[由上文“When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist，he knew he had to take”可知，在听到母亲说家里的水已经淹到了她的腰部时，Johnny意识到自己必须采取行动去救自己的母亲，故选C。]
5．A．proved B．ensured
C．noticed D．admitted
B　[由下文“He gave them food”和上文提到他听到母亲说家里的水已经淹到了腰部可知，Johnny要去帮助母亲，所以他给了孩子们食物，以确保孩子们能够被安顿好，故选B。]
6．A．expand B．assist
C．escape D．dominate
C　[由下文“if water continued to rise”可知，如果水位继续上升，孩子们可以通过阁楼走到屋顶，然后逃出去，故选C。]
7．A．run B．ride
C．drive D．swim
D　[由下文“It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks．”和上文介绍暴风雨很大可知，Johnny是游到母亲家的，故选D。]
8．A．short B．efficient
C．ideal D．indefinite
A　[由下文“before the water rose above Karen's”和上文提到Karen坐在轮椅上，且家里的水早已经淹到了她的腰部可知，水很快就会淹没Karen，所以说他只有很短的时间游到母亲家里，故选A。]
9．A．waist B．ankles
C．head D．knees
C　[由上文“When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her waist”可知，家里的水已经淹到了Karen的腰，如果不采取措施，水很快就会没过Karen的头，将她淹没，故选C。]
10．A．harm B．music
C．advice D．news
B　[由下文“She was still alive！”可知，听到母亲的声音，他很高兴，知道母亲还活着，所以此处将母亲的声音比作音乐，突出他很高兴，故选B。]
11．A．responsible B．remarkable
C．innocent D．safe
D　[由下文“just to be here”可知，家里的每个人都安全了，故选D。]
12．A．grateful B．sure
C．concerned D．surprised
A　[由上文“Everyone in Johnny's family is now ________”和下文“we are blessed”可知，他们都在暴风雨中幸存下来，所以他们是感激的，故选A。]
13．A．memory B．hope
C．sight D．weight
B　[由下文“we are blessed that it was just a reset button，not the power”可知，Johnny认为他们只是需要重新开启生活，这说明他没有失去希望，故选B。]
14．A．screens B．keyboards
C．buttons D．monitors
C　[由上文“Life is like a computer”和下文“a reset button，not the power”可知，Johnny将生活比作电脑，有两个按钮——一个是重置按钮，一个是电源按钮，故选C。]
15．A．prepared B．separated
C．injured D．hit
D　[由上文“we are blessed that it was just a reset button，not the power，that got”可知，Johnny和家人们都很庆幸，这场暴风雨只是按下了生活的重置按钮，而不是电源按钮。故选D。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南名校联考)
As part of a post-fire response and recovery project，the Debris Flow Hazard Team (泥石流危害小组) is engaging in several studies 1．________(understand) the drivers of post-fire debris flows and improve post-fire hazard assessments across the Pacific Northwest．Wildfires make debris flows easy to happen．
They have been conducting debris-flow hazard assessments for wildfires．2．________(evaluate) burned areas includes the nearly 2021 Dixie fire，the 2020 Labor Day wildfires，and many wildfires in Washington in 2021．The models used for hazard assessment 3．________(test) in drier region for years，but not carried out 4．________(extensive) in wetter places．Are the models accurate for wetter places Researchers have begun monitoring post-fire debris-flow activity in wetter regions to answer the question．Post-fire monitoring 5．________ (involve) measuring the rainfall within the burned area and recording the flow response after rainstorms．
Recent data reveals both 6．________(similarity) and differences in debris-flow processes 7．________ the wetter and drier areas．Continued observation and tests are expected to lead to 8．________ improved set of hazard assessment models．
Other frequently asked questions after wildfires are： How far will debris flows travel What will be affected And how long will the burned area remain 9．________(danger) These questions are not addressed in debris-flow hazard assessments at present，10．________ the researchers are doing research to provide answers soon．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。山火容易诱发泥石流灾害，对火灾地区进行及时、有效的泥石流风险评估能为后续预警以及行动提供信息。
1．to understand　[考查动词不定式。此空是不定式作状语，表示目的。]
2．Evaluated　[考查非谓语动词。evaluate和areas之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。设空处位于句首，句首单词首字母应大写。]
3．have been tested　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语for years可知，动词应该用现在完成时，而且The models和test之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。主语The models为复数，助动词用have。]
4．extensively　[考查副词。此空修饰动词carried out，因此用其副词形式。]
5．involves　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句是一般性表述，而且主语Post-fire monitoring是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]
6．similarities　[考查名词复数。similarity是可数名词，根据此空后的and differences可知，此空应该用复数形式。]
7．between　[考查介词。between the wetter and drier areas，在湿润和干燥地区之间。]
8．an　[考查冠词。a set of “一套”。improved的发音以元音音素开头，因此用an。]
9．dangerous　[考查形容词。remain在此句是系动词，因此此空用形容词作表语。]
10．but　[考查连词。此空前后表示转折关系，因此用转折连词but。]必修第三册　UNIT 2　Natural disasters
1．occur vi．发生，出现；存在于(occurrence n．发生的事情；发生；出现)
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb．that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb．to do sth．
某人突然想起要做某事。
◎It never occurred to me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest．
我从没想过他会在写作比赛中取得如此大的成功。
2．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt．供应，供给，提供
◎supply and demand　　　 供求关系
supply sth．to sb．/supply sb．with sth．
给某人提供某物
◎be in short supply 供应短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
◎In addition，the summer camp supplies members with a chance to visit some museums．
此外，夏令营还为会员提供了参观一些博物馆的机会。
◎(2025·全国二卷)Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant，supermarket，and supply chain industries．
食品浪费在餐饮、超市和供应链行业已成为一个日益令人担忧的问题。
3．inform vt．了解，熟悉；通知(informed adj．有见识的；消息灵通的 information n．信息)
◎inform sb．of/about sth． 通知某人某事
inform sb．that... 通告或告知某人……
◎keep sb．informed of/about sth． 让某人了解某事；通告某人某事
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places that are not well-sampled．
生物多样性应用程序可利用我们的研究结果告知用户过度采样的区域，并引导他们前往采样不足的地方。
4．power [课本义]n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量 [增补义] vt．驱动 n．有影响力的大国；军事强国(powerful adj．强大的；有权势的；有影响力的；健壮的)
be in power 　掌权；执政
come to power 上台；执政
in/within one's power 在某人的能力或权力
范围之内
out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力或权力
◎She felt energetic，refreshed and powerful and believed she could overcome any obstacle in her life，including her poor sense of direction．
她感到精力充沛，神清气爽，充满力量，她相信自己可以克服生活中的任何障碍，包括她糟糕的方向感。
5．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(relieve vt．使轻松，宽慰；缓解 relieved adj．感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的)
◎with relief　 　 欣慰地，释然地；松了口气
to one's relief(＝to the relief of sb．)
让某人宽慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
What a relief! 可轻松了！
◎relieve sb．of... 将某人从……中解脱出来；
帮助某人减轻(负担)
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)The man froze for a second，but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief．
那个男人愣了一秒钟，但当他看到那个瘦小的男孩时，便松了一口气。
6．confirm vt．证实，确认；使确信；批准(confirmation n．证实；确认书)
◎confirm sth．/that... 证实某事/确定……
confirm a theory/rumour 证实一种理论/谣言
confirm one's belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心
confirm sb．in sth． 使某人确信某事
◎It has been confirmed that... 已经确定/证实……
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance．
五人或五人以上的团体需要特殊安排，且必须提前确认。
7．scare vt．& vi．惊吓，害怕n．恐慌；惊吓(scared adj．害怕的；恐惧的 scary adj．令人害怕的；恐怖的；吓人)
◎scare ...away/off　 把……吓跑
scare sb．into/out of doing sth． 恐吓某人做/不做某事
◎be scared to death 被吓死
be scared to do sth．＝be scared of doing sth．
害怕做某事
◎(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter．
例如，几乎所有动物都有独特的叫声，它们依靠这些叫声来求助、吓跑任何危险的动物或寻找庇护所。
8．run out of [课本义]用完，耗尽[增补义]从……跑出
◎run out 用完；耗尽
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽
◎run into 撞上；遇到
run across 偶然遇见
run for 竞选；赶着去做
◎David's energy was running/giving out，but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he charged towards the finish line with all his strength．
大卫的精力快要耗尽，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，他竭尽全力冲向终点线。
9．hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物；坚持(信念、梦想等)
hold back　　 阻挡；妨碍进展；隐瞒；控制(感情等)；
(使)犹豫
hold on 挺住；(电话用语)别挂断；稍等
hold up 举起；支撑；延迟；阻碍
◎There are numerous stories about people who ultimately achieved great success by holding on to their beliefs．
这有很多关于人们通过坚持自己的信念最终取得巨大成功的故事。
1．At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open．(in case引导目的状语从句)
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开。
2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape．(the moment引导时间状语从句)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
3． Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(might have done表对过去发生的事情的推测)
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！
4．独立主格结构
Each turned to fly—each running，pressing，pushing against the other．
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。
◎独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰整个句子；可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开；表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
◎独立主格结构的形式：
名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)；
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)；
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)；
名词/代词＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
◎(改编自《每日电讯》)The bus coming here soon，we should get everything ready．
公共汽车很快就要来了，我们得准备好所有东西。
5．as if/though从句中的虚拟语气
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors．
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点都没有变色。
(1)as if/Though
(2)as if/though后的从句可用省略形式。
◎He opened his mouth as if he were to say something．
＝He opened his mouth as if to say something．
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．occur
①The ____________ (occur) of cheating on exams has led the school to adopt a new monitoring system to ensure academic integrity．
②It seldom occurs to the hikers ____________ (wander) a bit，and take a moment to see what's around them．
③The team is studying the reactions ________ (occur) in the chemical experiment．
④(读后续写之心理描写)我突然想到，这只熊可能会被我们的大蒜面包的气味吸引，所以我把面包尽可能地向远处扔去。
________________________________________________ by the smell of our garlic bread，so I threw the bread as far as I could．
2．supply
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Since I must carry all of my food and ____________ (supply) with me，my bag weighs about 30 kilograms．
②In previous times when fresh meat was ____________ short supply，pigeons were kept by many households as a source of meat．
③(读后续写之动作描写)那位热心的女士给了我们一些食物，并主动联系了警察。
The warm-hearted woman ________________________________________________ and offered to contact the police．
3．inform
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make ____________ (inform) choices about how they use the money they have．
②I remember the day during our first week of class when we ________________ (inform) about our project of volunteering at an organization．
③(应用文写作之道歉信/邀请信)我很抱歉地告诉你，周末我不能和你外出了。
____________________________________ I will fail to go out with you this weekend．
④你能提前告知我你的计划，以便我据此做出安排吗？
Would you please ________________________________________________ your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly
4．power
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 9)As Einstein said，“Science is a ____________ (power) instrument...”
②The government came ________ power in 2020 and has been ________ power for less than seven years．
③It is said that my friend is in trouble．I will do everything in ________ (I) power to help him．
④(读后续写之环境描写)漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。
The dark，rainy evening，the wind，and the thundering clouds __________________________________．
⑤很抱歉，我没有权力对这个项目做最后的决定。
I am sorry it's ______________________________________ on the project．
5．relief
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 5)Music gave me strength and brought me ____________ (relieve)．
②冈特不仅让我摆脱了眼前手头拮据的担忧，而且还向我展示了善良和信任的力量。
Not only did Gunter ____________________________________，but he also showed me the power of kindness and trust．
③(读后续写之心理描写)令我们松了一口气的是，直升机在那只熊把围栏拆掉之前到达了。
____________________________________，the helicopter arrived before the bear tore down the fence．
6．confirm
①They worked out an effective method，which ________________ (confirm) by the leadership．
②The recent airplane crash confirms me ________ my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed．
③I'm still waiting for ______________ (confirm) from the travel agency about my tickets．
④(应用文写作之通知)已经确定我们将去爬山，在那里我们可以野餐。
____________________________ we will go to climb a mountain，where we can have a picnic．
7．scare
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 6)People have always been scared ________ sharks，but Jaws made things worse．
②She was scared ____________ (go) into the yard because a big dog was in it．
③Some parents try to scare their children into ____________ (behave) well．
④They lighted a fire to scare ____________ the wolves．
⑤(应用文写作之心理描写)攀岩是一件有趣的事，但我从一开始就吓得要死。
Rock climbing was a fun thing，but I ____________________________________．
8．run out of
填入run out、run out of、use up、give out的适当形式
Halfway to the destination，we had already ①______________________ food and drinking water．My husband and I wanted to find a motel before our gas ②________________________，but without luck，our car finally broke down and we had to walk all the way forward．An hour and a half later，we arrived at a motel at last with my strength almost ③________________________．But to our despair，we found that our money had been ④______________．What a day!
9．hold on to
①We've decided to hold on ________ the old furniture that we were thinking of selling，because it might be valuable．
②Hold ________ for a minute．I've just got to put on my make-up．
③He held ________ the map so it could be seen more clearly．
④(读后续写之主旨升华)任何人只要坚持自己的梦想，即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。
Anyone can fly even without wings，as long as they ________________________．
⑤(读后续写之神态描写)她踌躇着不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
She ________________，not knowing how to tell the terrible news．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．What was his ____________ (react) to the news that his stepfather passed away
2．Four police officers suffered serious ________ (injury) in the explosion．
3．The volcano's ____________ (erupt) would mean a disaster for the city．
4．You can of course help by giving them a ____________ (donate) directly．
5．The first thing he looked at was the ________ (locate) of his office．
6．The woman in the shop looked at them ____________ (curious)．
7．Though Tom left his family at an early age，they don't feel ____________ (distance)．
8．Fire is one of the most common and extremely ____________ (destroy) disasters．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．We walked beyond the forest and found a beautiful lake，which was beyond our expectations beyond the distant mountains．
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．The flood brought a flood of mud that flooded the entire village beyond the river．
①________________　②________________　③________________
3．The historian found an ancient document that documented the king's life and used it to document the authenticity of the artifact．
①________________　②________________　③________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The young teacher made signals to her students to exit the classroom in a hurry． ________________
2．A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus． ________________
3．In that area making a complaint is quite a simple procedure． ________________
4．The boy's pencil isn't sharp，so he sharpens it with his sharpener． ________________
5．He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see the look on his face． ________________
6．After he came to power，everyone said he was a powerful leader，but now he even can't save his daughter． ________________
7．The couple hugged each other when they heard the exciting news． ________________
8．At last，after twenty hours on the boat，they arrived at their destination． ________________
9． The violent eruption of volcanos sometimes makes many people lose their lives． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．他在听讲座时做笔记，以免忘记重要内容。(in case)
He took notes during the lecture ____________________________________．
2． 他冲进房间，好像发生了什么事似的。 (as if )
He rushed into the room ____________________________________．
3．队员们一听到自己赢得了冠军，就开心地互相拥抱在一起。(the moment)
______________________________________，they hugged each other with joy．
4．多一分耐心，或许就能帮我们顺利解决这个问题。(might have done)
Some extra patience ____________________________________ smoothly．
5．所有准备就绪后，队伍一大早出发，以确保他们在日落之前到达顶峰。(独立主格结构)
________________________，the team set off early in the morning to ensure they reached the summit before sunset．
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①得知你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我感到非常遗憾。(break out)
I'm deeply sorry to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly _________________________________．
②我希望借此机会向那些在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(sympathy and concern)
I wish to take this opportunity to _______________________ who suffered greatly in the earthquake．
③得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我感到宽慰。(relieved)
Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand，____________________．
④他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全把他们的安全抛在身后，这值得我们尊重和钦佩。(in ruins)
They have risked their lives __________________________________________，totally leaving their safety behind，which deserves our respect and admiration．
⑤在政府和全国各地人民的帮助下，我们没有必要感到害怕。(there is no need...)
With the aid of the government and people across the country，_____________________________________．
⑥虽然你们深受地震的影响，但我坚信一切都会好起来的，灾区很快就会有序恢复。(recover in an orderly way)
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake，I'm fully convinced that everything will be fine and ________________________________________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
_____________________________________________________________________
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形容词 desperate，odd，violent，uneasy 副词 increasingly，wildly
名词 relief，possession，hurricane 动词 (短语) confirm，inform，crash，occur to，keep one's head，stream down
心理描写 ①shock v．/n．震惊 ②scare vi．害怕 ③hopeless adj．绝望的 ④frighten v．使惊吓；使惊恐 ⑤It dawned on me/him that...我/他突然意识到…… 动作描写 ①suddenly strike 突然侵袭 ②cut off 切断；砍断 ③have sth．done结构，表示“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情” ④take measures/steps to do sth．采取措施做某事 ⑤struggle to do sth．挣扎做某事
心情沉重 sink into hopelessness 陷入绝望 化险为夷 help me get out帮助我出来
微情景1　“被大雨困住”——丈夫来后“化险为夷”
①______________________________________________________ (我从未经历过如此绝望的时刻) in my life．I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs．Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②______________________________________________________ (恐惧和绝望的眼泪夹杂着雨水从我的脸上流了下来)．What's worse，my car began to shake increasingly wildly．I felt more frightened and sensed ③________________________ (死亡正在等着我)．④____________________________________ (我被扔进了一个黑暗的世界且陷入了绝望)，I yelled at the top of my lungs but no one could hear．I was about to give up ⑤______________________________________________ (这时我的丈夫Joe来救了我)．He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car．
微情景2　“飓风光临”——政府补助
A violent hurricane ①______________________________ (突然侵袭) the town yesterday，causing many houses to fall down．Many big trees lay on the road as if ②____________________________ (砍断)．The whole town had ③____________________________ (停电)．The water supply was also cut off in some villages．Many people ④__________________________________________ (他们的财产被埋) under the ruins，thus becoming homeless．⑤__________________________(令他们感到宽慰的是)，the government ⑥________________________________________________(迅速回应并及时采取措施) to help them out after it occurred．
?提示：主题语篇精练，请完成“题型组合练(十九)”P381、“题型组合练(二十)”P384

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