资源简介

1． charge vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
◎charge sb．for...　　 因……向某人收费
charge sb．with (doing) sth．
控告某人(做)某事
◎take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作)
in charge of 控制/管理(表状态)
in charge 主管；看管
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge of多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的短语还有：in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of。
◎(2025·全国一卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy，according to Tu Ningning，who is in charge of the exhibition．
负责此次展览的屠宁宁表示，这些黑白棋子的走法体现了东方哲学的基本思想。
2．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指(intended adj．打算的；计划的 intention n．打算；目的；意图)
◎intend doing/to do sth．　 打算做某事
intend sb．to do sth． 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth． 本来打算做某事
◎be intended to do/for... 专门为做……/为……设计
◎with an/the intention of... 抱有……的目的
◎From my perspective，jump rope is an excellent choice for students who intend to stay fit while enjoying themselves．
在我看来，学生想要保持健康，同时玩得开心的话，跳绳是一个很好的选择。
3．postpone vt．延迟，延期
◎postpone (doing) sth．　 推迟(做)某事
postpone...till/until/to... 把……推迟到……
◎put off/delay doing sth． 推迟做某事
◎The military training was postponed until the next Sunday because of the bad weather．
因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。
4．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加(involved adj．参与的；卷入的 involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连)
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．
使某人参与(做)某事
involve doing sth． 包括或需要做某事
involve sb．doing sth． 需要某人做某事
◎be/become/get involved in 参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于
◎(2025·北京卷)Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events．
另一个重要主题是在经历压力事件后找到某种积极的意义。
5．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关 (applicant n．申请人application n．应用，运用；申请)
apply (to...) for...(向……)申请……
apply...to... 把……运用到……中；
把……涂到……上
apply to... 涉及……；适用于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth． 集中精力于(做)某事
◎If you are willing to apply yourself，I think you will have a good shot at this writing contest．
如果你愿意全力以赴，我认为你将很有希望在这次写作比赛中胜出。
6．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 (surrounding adj．周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境；周围的事物)
◎surround...with... 用……包围/围绕……
◎be surrounded by/with...
被……包围/环绕
surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体物质环境；environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
◎Surrounded by the forest，the village has beautiful surroundings，which attract many visitors from surrounding areas．
这座村庄被森林环绕，周边环境优美，吸引了许多来自周边地区的游客。
7．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证(permission n．[U]允许；许可)
◎permit sb．to do sth． 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth． 允许做某事
◎with/without (one's) permission
经/未经(某人)允许
ask for/request permission 请求许可
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)Participants in Walk 3 are required to get special permits．
参加 “步行 3” 活动的人员需取得特别许可。
8．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于
◎to one's credit　　 某人值得赞扬/钦佩
do sb．/sth．credit＝do credit to sb．/sth．
使某人/某物值得赞扬
give credit to sb．for sth．
因某事而称赞某人
on credit 赊账
◎be credited as... 被认为是……
be credited to... 认为是……的功劳；
把……归于
◎The teacher gave credit to the students for their creative projects．
老师表扬了学生们富有创意的课题。
9．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及(reference n．提到，谈及；参考)
◎refer to...as...　　　 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
◎in/with reference to 关于
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing．
这种方法被称为 “矩阵种植法”，其目的是让自然界在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至参与部分设计。
10．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清；付酬解雇；得到回报
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
pay for sth． 付某物的钱；为某物/事付出代价
pay sb．for sth． 因某物/事给某人报酬
pay a visit to 参观，拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
◎John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off．
约翰在考试前努力学习，这一切都得到了回报。
1．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(强调句型It is/was not until ...that ...)
然而，直到 20 世纪 70 年代，屠呦呦在经历多次实验失败后，才成功发现了青蒿素。
2．The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things．(the way＋定语从句)
科学具有价值的首要方式为众人所熟知：科学知识使我们能够做各种事、制造各种物品。
3．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语)
现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
4．过去分词(短语)作状语
Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．
据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
Inspired by...cold water为过去分词作状语，表示原因，可转换为as、since或because引导的状语从句。
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
◎Struck by overwhelming joy，I studied the tricycle up and down，from its rusty handle to the worn out wheels，as if it were a daydream．
我欣喜若狂，上下研究着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。
◎Bathed in the sunshine and delighted by the fantastic scenery along the way，we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination．
沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜，我们朝着目的地前行时，内心满是惬意。
5．what引导名词性从句
And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be，he is still in some doubt．
而且当他很确定结果会怎样时，他仍会有疑惑。
◎这是一个由 what 引导的宾语从句，在原句中充当介词 of 的宾语。引导词what是连接代词，具有连接从句和充当从句成分的双重功能。
◎what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、表语和宾语。
◎what引导名词性从句时，可表示“……的事情或东西；……的人或样子；所……的地方等”。
◎that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．
在兽医那里有效的方法，似乎也可能在他的病人身上有效。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．charge
汤姆负责组织校园展销会。他决定自己负责售票工作。这次活动对学生们是免费的，但他们向家长收取入场费。一切都很顺利，直到有人指控他盗窃。经过调查，发现钱放错了地方，并没有被偷。
Tom was ①______________ organizing the school fair．He decided to ②______________ the ticket sales himself．The event was ③______________ for students，but they ④________________________________．Everything was going smoothly until someone ⑤________________________．After an investigation，it was found that the money was misplaced，not stolen．
2．intend
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)The ____________ (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．
②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended ________ the foreign students who are interested in traditional Chinese culture．
③(普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success．
→The programme ____________________________________，turned out to be a great success．(分词短语作定语)
→The programme，____________________________________，turned out to be a great success．(介词短语作插入语)
④教授打算让他的学生们阅读指定的章节以便全面理解这个主题。
The professor ________________________________________________ for a comprehensive understanding of the subject．
3．postpone
①I shall postpone ____________ (make) a decision till I learn the full particulars．
②In case of rain，the mass meeting will be postponed ____________ the first fine day．
③They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers．
→They decided to ____________ having a baby to establish their careers．
4．involve
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As well as studying hard，I've been involved ________ social activities．
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ____________ (spend) quite a lot of time with students．
③The man said he involved ____________ (he) in this affair by accident not on purpose．
④Her ____________(involve)in the community project not only helped others but also allowed her to develop valuable skills．
⑤我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文研讨会。
I am more than delighted __________________________________，which is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK．
5．apply
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Out of the thousands of ____________ (apply)，eleven were selected，including a young woman from China．
②There has been a rise in the number of students applying ________ food courses at UK universities and colleges．
③If you intend to apply for the job，you need to complete the online ____________ (apply) form．
④(读后续写之动作描写)父亲在Jeff的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
Father ________________________________________________，and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast．
6．surround
①Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond，____________ (surround) by blooming flowers．
②I felt more creative and relaxed in the natural ____________ (surround) compared to the usual classroom environment．
③In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the ____________ (surround) environment．
④尽管面临众多挑战，团队仍然保持专注并实现了他们的目标。
Despite ________________________________________________，the team remained focused and achieved their goal．
7．permit
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially ____________(permit) to make eye contact．
②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit ____________ (smoke)．
③It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's ____________ (permit)．
④如果时间允许的话，我的确希望你能来参加今年的音乐节。
________________，I do hope you will attend this year's music festival．(条件状语从句)
→__________________，I do hope you will attend this year's music festival．(独立主格结构)
⑤(应用文写作之事物说明)你只需询问如何申请图书馆借书证，它将允许你定期把书借出去。
You simply ask how to apply for a library card，which will _______________________ regularly．
8．credit
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with ________ credit card offer．
②If you haven't got enough money，you can buy a computer ________ credit．
③The teacher's fairness to all her students does credit ________ her．
④You can ask a dealer for a discount ____________________________________ (无论你付现金还是赊账)．
⑤(读后续写之结果描写)值得赞扬的是，埃玛通过了如此难的考试。
__________________，Emma passed such a difficult examination．
9．refer to
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)He refers __________ the personalities of these people __________ “Type T”，with the “T” standing for “thrill”．
②She ____________ (refer) to her phone for directions while driving，which is dangerous．
③(应用文写作之语言学习)当他们在学习英语遇到困难时，他们通常会选择参考相关的学习材料或网页。
When they are faced with difficulties in studying English，they usually ____________________________________ or web pages．
10．pay off
写出下列句中pay相关短语的汉语意思
①The company has lots of loans，bills and a mortgage (抵押贷款) to pay off． ________________
②—Dad，I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job．
—I see．I'll go right away and pay him off． ________________
③Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself．__________________
④(应用文写作之发言稿)总而言之，条条大路通罗马，但我相信努力终将有回报。
All in all，every road leads to Rome，but ________________________．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．I'm not sure whether the experiment will be ____________ (benefit) to the local villagers．
2．The dentist may decide that the ____________ (wise) teeth need to be extracted．
3．These reasons are not ____________ (sufficiency) to justify the ban．
4．There is a lot of public ____________ (ignore) about how the disease is spread．
5．After the outbreak of war，life meant a struggle for ____________ (survive)．
6．Equipped with an ____________ (intelligence) computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise．
7．The cobra is one of the world's ____________ (deadly) snakes．
8．It is our ____________ (responsible) to take care of our sick mother by turns．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The restaurant charges a 10% service charge for takeout orders，but the staff will also charge your phone for free while you wait，and if anyone tries to avoid paying，they might be charged．
①________________　②________________
③________________　④________________
2．When you apply this medicine to your wound and apply the new method regularly，you can also apply to the school for financial aid through the online system．
①________________　②________________
③________________
3．The renowned conductor，known for his elegant conduct，will conduct the orchestra in a performance．Additionally，he will conduct a to guide young musicians．
①________________　②________________
③________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．Ice sheets are broad glaciers that blanket whole regions，covering plains，plateaus，and mountains with ice that may reach thickness of 5，000 feet or more． ________________
2．The natural resources we have are limited．Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources． ________________
3．She is allergic to household dust，so she often wears a hat when cleaning the house． ________________
4．Thank you for furnishing me with so many data I need on my research． ________________
5．It's said that the both countries agree to stop the conflict．They must obey the declaration forever． ________________
6．In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．由于被父母鼓励，他决定参加比赛。(过去分词短语作状语)
________________________，he decided to take part in the competition．
2．老师根据我们学过的知识解释了这个问题。(what引导宾语从句)
The teacher explained the problem according to ________________________．
3．直到失去某样东西，你才会意识到它的价值。(It is/was not until ...that ...)
____________________________________ you realize its value．
4．他解决问题的方式给我们留下了深刻的印象。(the way＋定语从句)
____________________________________ impressed us．
5．他已经明确了我们明天见面的地点。(it作形式宾语)
He has ____________________________________________．
假定你是李华，下周六，你们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，现在请你写一篇节日计划。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①下周六，我们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，旨在激发我们的环保意识。(intend)
Next Saturday our school will organize the Science Festival with the theme of protecting the environment and the festival _____________________________．
②届时将会有一些著名的科学家参加节日，他们将介绍一些环境知识，让我们参与保护环境。(get sb．involved in)
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and _________________________________．
③他们将展示一些有趣的实验，这对我们是有益的。(beneficial)
They will show some interesting experiments，
________________________．
④每个班都有机会做一个实验，学生们可以从中学到很多东西。(conduct)
Each class _____________________________________________________________________，
from which the students will learn a lot．
⑤在节日结束时，我们将被允许参观一个环保展览。(permit)
At the end of the festival，we will _________________________________．
⑥科学节将激励更多的学生对科学产生兴趣，并为之付出努力。(inspire)
The Science Festival will ______________________________________ and work hard at it．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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形容词和 副词 sorry，disappointing，disappointed，hopefully，suddenly，successfully，wildly
动词 (短语) disappoint，put forward，surround，permit，tremble
希望动 作描写 ①hope that希望，期望 ②full of hope充满希望 ③live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望 ④see/feel a glimmer of hope 看到/感到一丝希望 ⑤try hard to do sth．努力做某事 失望描写 ①feel extremely disappointed 感到失望极了 ②weep bitter tears of disappointment 失望得痛哭流涕 ③hide one's disappointment掩饰某人的失望 ④a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one's face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
感到有 信心 be sure确信 遗憾；沮丧 a ripple of regret一阵懊悔
微情景1　“准备与信心”——看到情况后“遗憾沮丧”
Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ① ____________________(毫不犹豫地报名参加)．Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ②____________________________________(每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶)．However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．③__________________________(她感到极度失望)at her failure to invent the machine．When she looked around，④____________________________________________________________(她发现一些评委的脸上露出失望的表情)．Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤________________________________(心中泛起一阵懊悔)．
微情景 2　“表达一种‘希望’”——渔夫成功获救
Jane woke up at daybreak，her body aching from the cold hard ground．Just then，she ① ________________(看见)a fisherman tending to his boat at a distance，the faint clink of metal echoing across the quiet water．②____________(满怀希望地)，with his help she mustered every ounce of energy to climb to an open area，③__________________________(她的双腿因用力而颤抖)．To her great joy，a helicopter suddenly flew low overhead，its searchlight sweeping the shoreline．④________________________________________(她感到一丝希望)，her heart pounding a little faster with excitement．The fisherman helped flag her yellow blouse wildly，the fabric dancing like a beacon in the wind，hoping against hope that they'd be spotted．This urgent display did catch the rescuers' sharp attention! Moments later，Jane was pulled to safety，⑤____________________________________(救援的温暖终于涌上她的心头)as she realized she was successfully rescued．
?提示：主题语篇精练，请完成“题型组合练(二十三)”P393、“题型组合练(二十四)”P396
写作阶段训练，请完成“写作规范练(三)”P3991． charge vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管
◎charge sb．for...　　 因……向某人收费
charge sb．with (doing) sth．
控告某人(做)某事
◎take charge of 掌管/负责(表动作)
in charge of 控制/管理(表状态)
in charge 主管；看管
in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责
free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge of多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的短语还有：in possession of，in the possession of，in control of，in the control of。
◎(2025·全国一卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy，according to Tu Ningning，who is in charge of the exhibition．
负责此次展览的屠宁宁表示，这些黑白棋子的走法体现了东方哲学的基本思想。
2．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指(intended adj．打算的；计划的 intention n．打算；目的；意图)
◎intend doing/to do sth．　 打算做某事
intend sb．to do sth． 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth． 本来打算做某事
◎be intended to do/for... 专门为做……/为……设计
◎with an/the intention of... 抱有……的目的
◎From my perspective，jump rope is an excellent choice for students who intend to stay fit while enjoying themselves．
在我看来，学生想要保持健康，同时玩得开心的话，跳绳是一个很好的选择。
3．postpone vt．延迟，延期
◎postpone (doing) sth．　 推迟(做)某事
postpone...till/until/to... 把……推迟到……
◎put off/delay doing sth． 推迟做某事
◎The military training was postponed until the next Sunday because of the bad weather．
因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。
4．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加(involved adj．参与的；卷入的 involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连)
◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．
使某人参与(做)某事
involve doing sth． 包括或需要做某事
involve sb．doing sth． 需要某人做某事
◎be/become/get involved in 参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于
◎(2025·北京卷)Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events．
另一个重要主题是在经历压力事件后找到某种积极的意义。
5．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关 (applicant n．申请人application n．应用，运用；申请)
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……apply...to...
把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
apply to... 涉及……；适用于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth． 集中精力于(做)某事
◎If you are willing to apply yourself，I think you will have a good shot at this writing contest．
如果你愿意全力以赴，我认为你将很有希望在这次写作比赛中胜出。
6．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 (surrounding adj．周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境；周围的事物)
◎surround...with... 用……包围/围绕……
◎be surrounded by/with... 被……包围/环绕
surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体物质环境；environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
◎Surrounded by the forest，the village has beautiful surroundings，which attract many visitors from surrounding areas．
这座村庄被森林环绕，周边环境优美，吸引了许多来自周边地区的游客。
7．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证(permission n．[U]允许；许可)
◎permit sb．to do sth． 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth． 允许做某事
◎with/without (one's) permission
经/未经(某人)允许
ask for/request permission 请求许可
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)Participants in Walk 3 are required to get special permits．
参加 “步行 3” 活动的人员需取得特别许可。
8．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于
◎to one's credit　　 某人值得赞扬/钦佩
do sb．/sth．credit＝do credit to sb．/sth．
使某人/某物值得赞扬
give credit to sb．for sth．
因某事而称赞某人
on credit 赊账
◎be credited as... 被认为是……
be credited to... 认为是……的功劳；把……归于
◎The teacher gave credit to the students for their creative projects．
老师表扬了学生们富有创意的课题。
9．refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及(reference n．提到，谈及；参考)
◎refer to...as...　　　 把……称作……
refer...to... 把……提交给……
◎in/with reference to 关于
◎(2025·浙江1月卷)Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing．
这种方法被称为 “矩阵种植法”，其目的是让自然界在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至参与部分设计。
10．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；偿清；付酬解雇；得到回报
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
pay for sth． 付某物的钱；为某物/事付出代价
pay sb．for sth． 因某物/事给某人报酬
pay a visit to 参观，拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
◎John studied hard before the examination，and it paid off．
约翰在考试前努力学习，这一切都得到了回报。
1．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(强调句型It is/was not until ...that ...)
然而，直到 20 世纪 70 年代，屠呦呦在经历多次实验失败后，才成功发现了青蒿素。
2．The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things．(the way＋定语从句)
科学具有价值的首要方式为众人所熟知：科学知识使我们能够做各种事、制造各种物品。
3．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语)
现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
4．过去分词(短语)作状语
Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．
据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
Inspired by...cold water为过去分词短语作状语，表示原因，可转换为as、since或because引导的状语从句。
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。
◎Struck by overwhelming joy，I studied the tricycle up and down，from its rusty handle to the worn out wheels，as if it were a daydream．
我欣喜若狂，上下研究着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。
◎Bathed in the sunshine and delighted by the fantastic scenery along the way，we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination．
沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜，我们朝着目的地前行时，内心满是惬意。
5．what引导名词性从句
And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be，he is still in some doubt．
而且当他很确定结果会怎样时，他仍会有疑惑。
◎这是一个由 what 引导的宾语从句，在原句中充当介词 of 的宾语。引导词what是连接代词，具有连接从句和充当从句成分的双重功能。
◎what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，可作主语、表语和宾语。
◎what引导名词性从句时，可表示“……的事情或东西；……的人或样子；所……的地方等”。
◎that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients．
在兽医那里有效的方法，似乎也可能在他的病人身上有效。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．charge
汤姆负责组织校园展销会。他决定自己负责售票工作。这次活动对学生们是免费的，但他们向家长收取入场费。一切都很顺利，直到有人指控他盗窃。经过调查，发现钱放错了地方，并没有被偷。
Tom was ①in charge of organizing the school fair．He decided to ②take charge of the ticket sales himself．The event was ③free of charge for students，but they ④charged parents for entry．Everything was going smoothly until someone ⑤charged him with theft．After an investigation，it was found that the money was misplaced，not stolen．
2．intend
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)The intention (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．
②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended for the foreign students who are interested in traditional Chinese culture．
③(普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success．
→The programme intended to provide help for the homeless，turned out to be a great success．(分词短语作定语)
→The programme，with the intention of providing help for the homeless，turned out to be a great success．(介词短语作插入语)
④教授打算让他的学生们阅读指定的章节以便全面理解这个主题。
The professor intended his students to read the assigned chapters for a comprehensive understanding of the subject．
3．postpone
①I shall postpone making (make) a decision till I learn the full particulars．
②In case of rain，the mass meeting will be postponed till/until the first fine day．
③They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers．
→They decided to postpone/delay having a baby to establish their careers．
4．involve
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities．
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students．
③The man said he involved himself (he) in this affair by accident not on purpose．
④Her involvement(involve)in the community project not only helped others but also allowed her to develop valuable skills．
⑤我非常高兴能参加即将举办的旨在促进中英文化交流的中文研讨会。
I am more than delighted to get involved in/involve myself in the upcoming Chinese Workshop，which is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK．
5．apply
①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Out of the thousands of applicants (apply)，eleven were selected，including a young woman from China．
②There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges．
③If you intend to apply for the job，you need to complete the online application (apply) form．
④(读后续写之动作描写)父亲在Jeff的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
Father applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast．
6．surround
①Inspired by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond，surrounded (surround) by blooming flowers．
②I felt more creative and relaxed in the natural surroundings (surround) compared to the usual classroom environment．
③In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding (surround) environment．
④尽管面临众多挑战，团队仍然保持专注并实现了他们的目标。
Despite being surrounded by/with numerous challenges，the team remained focused and achieved their goal．
7．permit
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4)For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially permitted(permit) to make eye contact．
②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit smoking (smoke)．
③It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission (permit)．
④如果时间允许的话，我的确希望你能来参加今年的音乐节。
If time permits，I do hope you will attend this year's music festival．(条件状语从句)
→Time permitting，I do hope you will attend this year's music festival．(独立主格结构)
⑤(应用文写作之事物说明)你只需询问如何申请图书馆借书证，它将允许你定期把书借出去。
You simply ask how to apply for a library card，which will permit you to take books out regularly．
8．credit
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer．
②If you haven't got enough money，you can buy a computer on credit．
③The teacher's fairness to all her students does credit to her．
④You can ask a dealer for a discount whether you pay cash or buy on credit (无论你付现金还是赊账)．
⑤(读后续写之结果描写)值得赞扬的是，埃玛通过了如此难的考试。
To her credit，Emma passed such a difficult examination．
9．refer to
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”，with the “T” standing for “thrill”．
②She is referring (refer) to her phone for directions while driving，which is dangerous．
③(应用文写作之语言学习)当他们在学习英语遇到困难时，他们通常会选择参考相关的学习材料或网页。
When they are faced with difficulties in studying English，they usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages．
10．pay off
写出下列句中pay相关短语的汉语意思
①The company has lots of loans，bills and a mortgage (抵押贷款) to pay off．偿清
②—Dad，I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job．
—I see．I'll go right away and pay him off．付酬解雇
③Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself．付钱
④(应用文写作之发言稿)总而言之，条条大路通罗马，但我相信努力终将有回报。
All in all，every road leads to Rome，but I believe hard work pays off．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．I'm not sure whether the experiment will be beneficial (benefit) to the local villagers．
2．The dentist may decide that the wisdom (wise) teeth need to be extracted．
3．These reasons are not sufficient (sufficiency) to justify the ban．
4．There is a lot of public ignorance (ignore) about how the disease is spread．
5．After the outbreak of war，life meant a struggle for survival (survive)．
6．Equipped with an intelligent (intelligence) computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise．
7．The cobra is one of the world's deadliest (deadly) snakes．
8．It is our responsibility (responsible) to take care of our sick mother by turns．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The restaurant charges a 10% service charge for takeout orders，but the staff will also charge your phone for free while you wait，and if anyone tries to avoid paying，they might be charged．
①vt．收费，要价　②n．费用　③vt．充电
④v．控告
2．When you apply this medicine to your wound and apply the new method regularly，you can also apply to the school for financial aid through the online system．
①vt．涂，抹，敷　②vt．应用，使用　③vi．申请
3．The renowned conductor，known for his elegant conduct，will conduct the orchestra in a performance．Additionally，he will conduct a tour to guide young musicians．
①n．举止　②vt．指挥　③vt．组织
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．Ice sheets are broad glaciers that blanket whole regions，covering plains，plateaus，and mountains with ice that may reach thickness of 5，000 feet or more．adj．宽阔的
2．The natural resources we have are limited．Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources． adj．有限的
3．She is allergic to household dust，so she often wears a hat when cleaning the house． adj．家务的
4．Thank you for furnishing me with so many data I need on my research．n．资料
5．It's said that the both countries agree to stop the conflict．They must obey the declaration forever． n．宣言
6．In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe． n．审判
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．由于被父母鼓励，他决定参加比赛。(过去分词短语作状语)
Encouraged by his parents，he decided to take part in the competition．
2．老师根据我们学过的知识解释了这个问题。(what引导宾语从句)
The teacher explained the problem according to what we had learned．
3．直到失去某样东西，你才会意识到它的价值。(It is/was not until ...that ...)
It is not until you lose something that you realize its value．
4．他解决问题的方式给我们留下了深刻的印象。(the way＋定语从句)
The way that he solved the problem impressed us．
5．他已经明确了我们明天见面的地点。(it作形式宾语)
He has made it clear where we should meet tomorrow．
假定你是李华，下周六，你们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，现在请你写一篇节日计划。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①下周六，我们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，旨在激发我们的环保意识。(intend)
Next Saturday our school will organize the Science Festival with the theme of protecting the environment and the festival intends to arouse our environmental awareness．
②届时将会有一些著名的科学家参加节日，他们将介绍一些环境知识，让我们参与保护环境。(get sb．involved in)
There will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment．
③他们将展示一些有趣的实验，这对我们是有益的。(beneficial)
They will show some interesting experiments，which is beneficial to us．
④每个班都有机会做一个实验，学生们可以从中学到很多东西。(conduct)
Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment，from which the students will learn a lot．
⑤在节日结束时，我们将被允许参观一个环保展览。(permit)
At the end of the festival，we will be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition．
⑥科学节将激励更多的学生对科学产生兴趣，并为之付出努力。(inspire)
The Science Festival will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Next Saturday our school will organize the Science Festival with the theme of protecting the environment，which intends to arouse our environmental awareness．
To begin with，there will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment．In addition，they will show some interesting experiments，which is beneficial to us．Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment，from which the students will learn a lot．At the end of the festival，we will be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition．
All in all，it is the Science Festival that will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it．
形容词和副词 sorry，disappointing，disappointed，hopefully，suddenly，successfully，wildly
动词(短语) disappoint，put forward，surround，permit，tremble
希望动作描写 ①hope that希望，期望 ②full of hope充满希望 ③live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望 ④see/feel a glimmer of hope 看到/感到一丝希望 ⑤try hard to do sth．努力做某事 失望描写 ①feel extremely disappointed 感到失望极了 ②weep bitter tears of disappointment 失望得痛哭流涕 ③hide one's disappointment掩饰某人的失望 ④a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one's face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情
感到有信心 be sure确信 遗憾；沮丧 a ripple of regret一阵懊悔
微情景1　“准备与信心”——看到情况后“遗憾沮丧”
Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ① signed up for it without hesitation(毫不犹豫地报名参加)．Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ②everyone would be amazed at her invention(每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶)．However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．③She felt extremely disappointed(她感到极度失望)at her failure to invent the machine．When she looked around，④she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading over some of the judges'_faces(她发现一些评委的脸上露出失望的表情)．Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，⑤a ripple of regret welling up inside her(她心中泛起一阵懊悔)．
微情景 2　“表达一种‘希望’”——渔夫成功获救
Jane woke up at daybreak，her body aching from the cold hard ground．Just then，she ① caught sight of(看见)a fisherman tending to his boat at a distance，the faint clink of metal echoing across the quiet water．②Hopefully(满怀希望地)，with his help she mustered every ounce of energy to climb to an open area，③her legs trembling with exertion(她的双腿因用力而颤抖)．To her great joy，a helicopter suddenly flew low overhead，its searchlight sweeping the shoreline．④She felt a glimmer of hope(她感到一丝希望)，her heart pounding a little faster with excitement．The fisherman helped flag her yellow blouse wildly，the fabric dancing like a beacon in the wind，hoping against hope that they'd be spotted．This urgent display did catch the rescuers' sharp attention! Moments later，Jane was pulled to safety，⑤the warmth of rescue finally washing over her(救援的温暖终于涌上她的心头) as she realized she was successfully rescued．
题型组合练(二十三)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·河南洛阳模拟)
Researchers have made surprising discoveries in recent years about a crow's (乌鸦的) ability to communicate，solve problems，remember people and use tools．What they're discovering about crow brains is changing how scientists understand intelligence—and bringing into question our accepted version of evolution (进化)．
A study demonstrated for the first time that carrion crows have “sensory consciousness”—a level of thinking previously thought to be limited to humans and other primates．New Caledonian crows are smart enough to create their own tools—in the wild and the lab—by shaping one end of a stick or wire into a hook (钩子) to get food beyond their reach．In 2024，researchers in Germany taught crows to count out loud，using vocalizations to correspond with numbers．
Despite these discoveries，the question of how crows，which do not have a prefrontal cortex (a region in the brain) like humans and other mammals，are capable of high-level thinking，is largely obscure．“And that is what we will try to find next，” says a researcher of the study．
Crows' awareness and intention used to be something about which scientists could only reason．Now，researchers like Marzluff can measure and plot the brain activity of crows to better understand how they process information and make decisions．
Marzluff and his team at the University of Washington were the first to look at crow brains during experiments using a PET scan，a noninvasive technology that uses a radioactive tracer to detect which parts of a brain are active at a given moment．
You may recall Marzluff's findings that crows recognize humans and remember their faces．As part of that study，researchers looked at what parts of the crow brain were activated when they encountered people wearing the “caveman” masks scientists wore when capturing the crows，versus the “caring” masks worn by researchers who fed and cared for the crows during their captivity．
“The neurons (神经元) that have been found in humans and monkeys，and those now found in crows，are behaving exactly the same way，” he said．“They're switching their activity，not as a function of the visual input，but as a function of the subjective perception of the organism．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家近年来关于乌鸦交流、解决问题、记忆和使用工具能力的惊人发现，以及这些发现如何改变科学家对智力的理解，并对进化论提出了质疑。
1．What have the researchers discovered about crows recently
A．They evolve in a special way．
B．They possess amazing intelligence．
C．They feature simple brain structures．
D．They have better memory than humans．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知，研究人员发现乌鸦拥有惊人的智力。故选B。]
2．What distinguishes New Caledonian crows according to the text
A．Their talent for tool-making．
B．Their unique way of communication．
C．Their capability of counting out loud．
D．Their adaptability to different circumstances．
A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦的独特之处在于其制造工具的能力，无论是在野外还是实验室环境中，它们都能将树枝或金属丝制成钩子获取食物。故选A。]
3．What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Obvious．　　　　 B．Undetermined．
C．Unaffected． D．Predictable．
B　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在段落“尽管有这些发现，但乌鸦没有像人类和其他哺乳动物那样的前额叶皮层(大脑中的一个区域)，却能够进行高级思维，这一问题在很大程度上……‘而这正是我们下一步要试图解开的谜团，’该研究的一位研究人员说。”可知，乌鸦没有前额叶皮层却能进行高级思维，而这是团队需要解开的谜团。由此可知，该问题目前尚未明确。选项B “undetermined”意为“未确定的”与此相符。故选B。]
4．What does Marzluff's research imply about crow neurons
A．They are structurally simpler and less efficient．
B．They are totally irrelevant to facial recognition tasks．
C．They can perceive subjectively like human neurons．
D．They can be only activated in response to visual inputs．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可推测，乌鸦神经元能像人类神经元一样进行主观感知。故选C。]
B
(2026·湖南长沙模拟)
Novelists describing amusement are laughing all the way to the bank．Depending on context，characters can crack a smile，roar with laughter or smile through tears．This richness of language may suggest to some that laughter，itself，is a phenomenon of endless variations，one that lends itself to limitless subcategorisation．
New work led by Roza Kamiloglu，a psychologist at the Free University of Amsterdam，provides evidence that there are just two primary types of laughter：one generated when people find something funny and one caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒)．
The work started with the serious business of laugh collection．Dr Kamiloglu instructed research assistants to search YouTube，a video platform for footage featuring spontaneous laughter，and they collected a total of 887 videos that were then categorised based on the comic incidents included．Roughly 70% of these videos were then used to train a laughter-categorising machine-learning algorithm (算法) to connect different forms of laughter with the activities that caused them．The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30%．After a quick listen，Dr Kamiloglu and her colleagues thought the different laughs would be too varied for any connections to be made．However，the algorithm disagreed．
Based on loudness，rhythm and changes in frequency of the sounds，their findings suggested there was something unique about the post-tickling laugh，which showed distinctive patterns (62.5% identifiable) vs humor-related laughter，pointing scientists towards the evolutionary (进化的) roots of laughter．After all，many mammals including dogs，monkeys，and chimpanzees produce sounds remarkably like laughter．Humans are not the only animals that tickle either．Chimpanzees engage in the activity too．
All this suggests that laughter from tickling evolved over 10 million years ago with the common ancestor that humans shared with these other primates．Dr Kamiloglu suspects that this early sort of laughter probably evolved to help primates build friendly relations，especially during play．With this in mind，she is now keen to study how infectious different sorts of laughs are．If the tickling laugh is one that truly evolved to bring primates together，it ought to be particularly infectious—but nobody has yet tested if it is．But he who laughs last，it would seem，laughs longest．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于笑声分类的心理学研究。研究还探讨了这两种笑声的进化意义，并推测挠痒痒的笑声可能有助于灵长类动物建立社交联系。
5．What is the main conclusion of Dr Kamiloglu's study on laughter
A．Laughter cannot be scientifically categorized．
B．Laughter generated by tickling is exclusive to humans．
C．Laughter fundamentally consists of just two distinct types．
D．Laughter can be divided into countless types based on context．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Kamiloglu 博士关于笑声研究的主要结论是笑声从根本上主要由两种不同类型组成。故选C。]
6．How did researchers collect data for the study
A．By conducting interviews with professionals．
B．By analyzing online videos featuring laughter．
C．By recording laughter in laboratory experiments．
D．By observing babies' laughter in controlled settings．
B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，研究人员通过分析网上有笑声的视频来收集研究数据。故选B。]
7．Which of the following would be easier for the algorithm to identify
A．Viewing stand-up comedy．
B．Laughing at a friend's silly face．
C．Laughing after being tickled by a brother．
D．Watching someone pour salt into their tea．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，算法更容易识别挠痒痒引发的笑声。选项 C “被兄弟挠痒痒后发笑”这种挠痒痒引发的笑更容易被算法识别，故选C。]
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The tickling laugh evolves alongside human language development．
B．The infectiousness of the tickling laugh remains scientifically unproved．
C．Evolutionary functions of the tickling laugh include boosting confidence．
D．Chimpanzees' tickling behavior challenges laughter's social bonding function．
B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“如果挠痒痒引发的笑真的是为了让灵长类团结在一起而进化出来的，它应该特别具有感染力——但还没有人测试过它是否如此”可知，挠痒痒引发的笑的感染力在科学上尚未得到证实。故选B。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·湖南株洲模拟)
In the northern part of Chile，a small village named Chungungo lay between the Pacific Ocean and the Atacama Desert．This area was known for its heavy fog，which 1 the land in lasting dim (暗淡的) light but gave no help to the dry ground，leaving the village 2 ．
One day，a Canadian scientist named Robert，on a worldwide research trip，found this desolate landscape．To his surprise，he saw many spider webs，showing that spiders lived 3 in this tough environment．Interested，Robert _ 4 the webs under a microscope and found their strong water-collecting 5 ，which let them get moisture (水分) from the fog．It gave him a great idea．
“What if people could 6 the fog like the spiders' webs？” he wondered．With the help of the Chilean government，Robert created a(n) 7 material net made to harvest fog in thick areas．He built rows of these nets，making a web-shaped 8 that harvested the fog．
The result was 9 ．As the fog passed through the nets，it 10 water drops，which fell into pipes under the nets for 11 and cleaning，and then providing fresh water．This creative solution 12 Chungungo，turning the dead land into a lively environment．
Robert's discovery not only 13 the water shortage issue but also showed the importance of 14 and adaptation．It proved that nature holds answers for 15 ，and with clever thinking，humans can find these secrets to make their world better．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大科学家Robert如何从蜘蛛网获取灵感，解决智利北部村庄Chungungo缺水问题的故事。
1．A．preserved　　　　 B．decorated
C．covered D．blocked
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“its heavy fog”和后文“the land in lasting dim light”可知，这里指浓雾笼罩着土地。故选C。]
2．A．useless B．lifeless
C．homeless D．endless
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文“gave no help to the dry ground”和后文“the dead land”可知，村庄是毫无生机的状态。故选B。]
3．A．well B．deep
C．fast D．hard
A　[考查副词词义辨析。根据前文“To his surprise，he saw many spider webs”和后文“this tough environment”可知，他看到了许多蜘蛛网，这表明蜘蛛在这种恶劣的环境中生活得很好。故选A。]
4．A．designed B．organized
C．carved D．examined
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“under a microscope”可知，在显微镜下应该是检查蜘蛛网。故选D。]
5．A．potential B．custom
C．ability D．category
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“which let them get moisture from the fog”可知，这里指蜘蛛网从雾中获取水分的能力。故选C。]
6．A．digest B．collect
C．borrow D．simplify
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“which let them get moisture from the fog”可知，这里指像蜘蛛网一样收集雾。故选B。]
7．A．artificial B．natural
C．organic D．widespread
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据前文“Robert created a(n)”可知，创造出来的收集雾的网，是人造的。故选A。]
8．A．society B．principle
C．system D．occupation
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文“rows of these nets”可知，一排排的网形成了一个收集雾的系统。故选C。]
9．A．surprising B．alarming
C．puzzling D．disappointing
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“water drops，which fell into pipes under the nets”可知，这里指这种方法成功收集到了雾中的水，所以结果是令人惊讶的。故选A。]
10．A．picked up B．took on
C．gave away D．turned into
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据前文“As the fog passed through the nets”和后文“water drops”可知，这里指雾变成了水滴。故选D。]
11．A．saving B．gathering
C．training D．travelling
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据前文“which fell into pipes under the nets for”可知，水滴落入管道是为了收集。故选B。]
12．A．generated B．investigated
C．changed D．praised
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“turning the dead land into a lively environment”可知，从死寂的土地变成充满生机的环境，说明是改变了这个村庄。故选C。 ]
13．A．discovered B．followed
C．analysed D．solved
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“the water shortage issue”可知，是解决了缺水问题。故选D。]
14．A．direction B．innovation
C．unity D．courage
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文“Robert created a(n) ________ material net”可知，创造出收集雾水的网是一种创新。故选B。]
15．A．ambition B．progress
C．dimension D．living
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“humans can find these secrets to make their world better”可知，这里说的是大自然有解决人类生活中问题的答案。故选D。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·湖南衡阳联考)
New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences． 1 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation's scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists．
Academician Huang Sanwen made three commitments to himself—to contribute his energy to scientific research，to apply his achievements in the fields，and to provide more opportunities for young people．“ 2 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities，we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates，” he said．
Academician Jian Zhimin thought that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research．“ 3 Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research，” he said．
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians，five of them are female scientists．Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives，and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance． 4
5 For example，she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund had relaxed their age restrictions，taking account of the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare．
A．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony．
B．She has both male and female students，who are irreplaceable to each other．
C．They may be more resilient，which contributes to the development of science．
D．As academicians，we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation．
E．In recent years，Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China．
F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics．
G．To achieve success in the field of science，the most important thing is to persist with the original intention．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学院新当选院士在证书颁发仪式后的相关情况，包括院士们的承诺、对科研精神的看法以及对女性科学家作用的认识等内容。
1．A　[下文说的是他们旨在通过鼓励年轻一代和提升女科学家的角色为国家的科研发展做出更大的贡献，可推理出空白处为过渡句，引出新当选院士们在仪式上有相关的举动或者表态，与A项“这59名新当选的院士在仪式上宣誓”表达的含义一致。故选A项。]
2．D　[根据上文“黄三文院士对自己做出了三个承诺——为科研贡献自己的力量，将自己的成果应用于各个领域，为年轻人提供更多的机会”可知，此处与D项“作为院士，我们需要和年轻一代分享更多的机会”表达的含义一致。故选D项。]
3．G　[根据上文“简志敏院士认为坚持是科研道路上最有价值的精神”可知，此处说的是坚持是科研道路上最有价值的精神，与G项“为了在科学领域取得成功，最重要的事情是坚持初心”表达的含义一致。故选G项。]
4．C　[根据上文“金奎娟院士提到女性有独特的视角，尊重女性的角色至关重要”可知，金奎娟院士提到女性有独特的视角，可推理出此处围绕女性科学家的作用展开，与C项“她们可能更有韧性，这有助于科学的发展”表达的含义一致。故选C项。]
5．E　[下文说的是自然科学基金等机构考虑到女性生育和照顾孩子所需要的时间和精力，已经放宽了年龄限制，可推理出此处在说对女性科学家的支持，与E项“近年来，金注意到中国对女性科学家的支持在增加”表达的含义一致。故选E项。]
题型组合练(二十四)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·上海奉贤区模拟)
The fact that your hair turns grey because of stress is nothing more than an old wives'tale．It's true that stress isn't good for you，but it's not going to turn you into a silver fox just yet．In fact，the answer comes from the cells in your hair．These are what determine the color and，eventually，the fade to grey．
Most of you start to notice your first grey hairs by the time you hit your thirties．A general rule to go by is that by the age of 50，half of the population will have lost the color in 50 per cent of their hair．
But why does it happen Firstly，you need to understand how hair gets its color．
Your hair is made up of cells called melanocytes (黑色素细胞) which produce pigments (色素)as they grow into the hair fiber．There are two different types of melanins (黑色素)：eumelanins (真黑色素)and pheomelanins (类黑色素)．The former produces black and brown pigments，while the latter produces red and yellow pigments．The exact amount of these pigments determines whether a person has black，brown，blonde or red hair．
As you age，the ability of the melanocytes to produce more pigments weakens．That is because your hair grows in different phases．
The growing phase lasts between three and five years，after which your follicles (毛囊) turn off for about three months to rest and get ready to grow more hairs．This goes round and round and，after a time，your bodies aren't as good at producing new hairs．
Scientists are continuing to try and find ways to prevent greying hair．A team of scientists in France is working to try and stop the melanocytes from being damaged at the end of each hair cycle．They are trying to use a special enzyme (酶) to protect the cells from damage．If successful，it could lead the way for new products that keep your locks full of color for years to come．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍头发变白的科学原理，包括黑色素细胞的作用、衰老对色素生成的影响，以及法国科学家对预防头发变白的研究。
1．What does the underlined phrase “an old wives' tale” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．An incorrect belief．
B．A useless talk．
C．A scientific rule．
D．A helpful experience．
A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段“头发因为压力而变白的说法只不过是……。虽然压力确实对你不好，但它还不会让你马上变成白发苍苍的人”可知，作者认为“压力导致头发变白”的说法不正确，由此可推测，画线短语“an old wives' tale”意为“错误的观念”符合语境。故选A项。]
2．What do we know about red hair
A．It doesn't turn grey as people get older．
B．It contains more pheomelanins than eumelanins．
C．The amount of pigments in it doesn't change over time．
D．People with red hair have a weaker ability to produce pigments．
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“黑色素有两种不同类型：真黑色素和类黑色素。前者产生黑色和棕色色素，后者产生红色和黄色色素。这些色素的确切含量决定了一个人是黑发、棕发、金发还是红发”可知，红发的颜色由类黑色素(产生红色色素)决定，说明红发中类黑色素的含量多于真黑色素。故选B项。]
3．What do the French scientists aim to do
A．To repair damaged hair follicles．
B．To protect hair cells against damage．
C．To shorten the hair cycle to protect the hair．
D．To study the relationship between health and hair color．
B　[细节理解题。根据尾段中的“法国的一组科学家正在努力阻止黑色素细胞在每个头发生长周期结束时受到损伤。他们试图使用一种特殊的酶来保护细胞免受损伤”可知，法国科学家的目标是保护头发细胞(黑色素细胞)免受损伤。故选B项。]
4．What can we infer from the article
A．Grey hair has nothing to do with stress．
B．Grey hair is a symbol of declining health．
C．It takes three months for new hair to grow．
D．The growth and color change of hair depend on cells．
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“事实上，答案来自你头发中的细胞。正是这些细胞决定了头发的颜色，并最终决定了头发是否会变白”及第五段中的“随着年龄的增长，黑色素细胞产生更多色素的能力会减弱”可知，头发生长和颜色变化依赖于头发中的细胞(如黑色素细胞)。故选D项。]
B
China is likely to become the first country to bring Martian soil back to Earth in an ambitious science and engineering attempt．The nation plans to collect Martian samples and then bring them back to Earth around 2030 via a historic mission named Tianwen-3．
If everything goes according to plan，the samples could become the first to be returned to Earth from Mars，and will help scientists look for traces of life on Mars，learn more about the planet's geology(地质学)and inner structures，and understand its atmospheric cycles．
Yang Yuguang，a senior space industry observer and vice-chair of the International Astronautical Federation's Space Transportation Committee，said on Friday that no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars because it would be an extremely sophisticated procedure．
“First，anyone who wishes to bring back Martian soil needs to take to the planet a craft which can lift off from the Martian surface to send samples to Martian orbit，and that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants (推进剂)．”
“And landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging，considering the fact that landing on Mars is far more difficult than a lunar landing due to the complex atmosphere surrounding Mars，” he said．
Even if the craft could land on Mars and it could lift off，Yang said that a new challenge would follow—how to guide it to carry out an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples．
“In our lunar sample-return missions，the most complicated part was the in-orbit meeting and docking between the sample-carrying craft and the orbiter，and that operation at least had Earth-based telemetry (遥控技术) and other types of technical support．By comparison，there will be virtually no technical assistance in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance，” the expert explained．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。这将是首次实现从火星带回土壤样本，能够帮助科学家研究火星生命迹象、地质结构和大气循环。文章还解释了这一任务所面临的挑战。
5．What do we know about the Martian mission named Tianwen-3
A．It is the third space mission of China．
B．Its main goal is to bring Martian soil back to Earth．
C．The samples can help reveal the Earth's geology．
D．No country will bring samples back from Mars before it．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“China is likely...to bring Martian soil back to Earth...The nation plans to collect Martian samples...Tianwen-3．”可知，天问三号的主要任务是收集火星土壤样本，并将其带回地球。故选B项。]
6．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in paragraph 3
A．Experienced．　　　 B．Threatening．
C．Astonishing． D．Complicated．
D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars”可知，到目前为止没有任何人试图把火星土壤样本带回地球。第四段的“that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants”提出了这一任务面临的第一个问题，即飞行器必须要足够大能装得下发动机和推进剂。第五段的“landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging”介绍了让一个巨大的飞行器在火星表面安全着陆非常具有挑战性。这是面临的第二个问题。再根据第六段的“a new challenge would follow...an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter flying around the planet to wait for samples”可知，即使飞行器能在火星表面安全着陆和起飞，这一任务还面临着新的挑战——如何引导它与轨道飞行器进行精确的对接。由此可知，从火星带回土壤样本是一个复杂的过程，画线词意为“复杂的”，complicated与其意思接近。故选D项。]
7．According to the passage，which of the following about the mission is true
A．A large craft is needed to send samples to Earth．
B．Safe landing on Mars is difficult due to lack of air．
C．The in-orbit meeting and docking is the most challenging part．
D．Technical support is available to reduce its difficulty．
C　[推理判断题。根据第七段内容可知，在我们的月球取样任务中，最复杂的部分是携带样本的飞行器与轨道飞行器的在轨对接。而且这样的操作至少有地面的遥控技术和其他的技术支持。相比之下，由于距离太远，在火星轨道上进行同样的过程几乎没有技术援助。由此可推知，在火星上取样最具有挑战性的部分是在轨对接。故选C项。]
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．China Plans Mission to Bring Martian Soil Back to Earth
B．China Brought Samples Back via a Historic Mission “Tianwen-3”
C．The Complexity of Bringing Martian Samples Back to Earth
D．The Technical Support Taking Place in Martian Orbit
A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。A项“中国计划将火星土壤带回地球”；B项“中国通过历史上重要的任务‘天问三号’带回了样本”；C项“将火星上的样本带回地球的复杂性”；D项“在火星轨道上发生的技术支持”。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·四川内江模拟)
Asli Samanci，a food scientist，was driven by her childhood dream of becoming a scientist，leading her to pursue a career in food science．“It 1 everything：biology，microbiology and chemistry all together，” Samanci said．
With this passion，she established a company that 2 health products made from propolis (蜂胶)，a natural substance produced by bees．Samanci's dedication to 3 is evident in every step of her product development process．“All products are 4 by science，” Samanci said．
The 5 behind Samanci's venture also lies in her son，who experienced frequent health issues during his early years．Upon a doctor's recommendation，she 6 propolis as a means to help strengthen her son's immune system．However，not 7 with the products on the market，Samanci worked 8 with a beekeeper to craft the ideal solution for her son's needs．Gradually，Samanci has made her specialized products 9 to a broader range of consumers．
Meanwhile，Samanci and her beekeeping partners have witnessed a significant 10 in the bee population．Since 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination(授粉)，this development has proved to contribute to 11 nature．Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model，where 12 can make a positive impact on the environment．And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find that 13 ．Samanci says，“To get something from nature in a(n) 14 way，we urge more food scientists and agricultural scientists to join us． 15 ，nature will not give us anymore．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Asli Samanci作为一位食品科学家的成长经历、创业过程以及她对食品科学和环保事业的贡献。
1．A．accomplishes　　　 B．combines
C．processes D．maintains
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“biology，microbiology and chemistry all together”可知，它将生物学、微生物学和化学结合在一起。故选B。]
2．A．concentrated on B．brought about
C．held back D．put off
A　[考查动词短语辨析。根据空后的“health products made from propolis，a natural substance produced by bees”可推测，该公司专注于蜂胶保健产品。故选A。]
3．A．purchase B．delivery
C．quality D．service
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“‘All products are ________ by science，’ Samanci said．”可知，Samanci很重视质量，所有产品都基于科学基础。故选C。]
4．A．limited B．denied
C．revealed D．backed
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Samanci's dedication to ________ is evident in every step of her product development process．”可知，Samanci对质量很重视，由此可知，Samanci所研发的产品有科学依据。故选D。]
5．A．regulation B．inspiration
C．sample D．mystery
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“lies in her son，who experienced frequent health issues during his early years．Upon a doctor's recommendation，she ________ propolis as a means to help strengthen her son's immune system”可知，她研发蜂胶产品的灵感也是源于自己儿子的经历。故选B。]
6．A．explored B．exported
C．refused D．permitted
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Upon a doctor's recommendation”可推测，在医生的建议下，她尝试了使用蜂胶提高儿子的免疫系统，即探索用蜂胶来提高儿子的免疫系统。故选A。]
7．A．patient B．consistent
C．cautious D．content
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“Samanci worked ________ with a beekeeper to craft the ideal solution for her son's needs”可推测，她因为对市场上的产品不满意，所以亲自和养蜂人一起为儿子量身打造了理想的解决方案。故选D。]
8．A．equally B．violently
C．directly D．temporarily
C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“However，not ________ with the products on the market”以及下文“Meanwhile，Samanci and her beekeeping partners have witnessed a significant ________ in the bee population．”可推测，Samanci不满意市场上的产品，所以直接和养蜂人合作。故选C。]
9．A．accessible B．similar
C．responsible D．essential
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据空后的“to a broader range of consumers”可推测，她的产品逐渐被更多消费者所使用。故选A。]
10．A．damage B．rise
C．change D．loss
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Since 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination，this development has proved to contribute to ________ nature．”可推测，她见证了蜜蜂数量的增加，从而保护了自然。故选B。]
11．A．conquering B．discovering
C．impressing D．preserving
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据“Since 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination”及常识可推测，蜜蜂数量的增加有助于保护自然。故选D。]
12．A．scientists B．beekeepers
C．entrepreneurs D．consumers
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find that ________．”可知，Samanci认为企业家可以对环境产生积极的影响。故选C。]
13．A．balance B．opportunity
C．fault D．reason
A　[考查名词词义辨析。上文“Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model”可知，她坚信双赢商业模式的概念，即商业和保护自然可以取得平衡。故选A。]
14．A．extraordinary B．sustainable
C．lively D．easy
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“nature will not give us anymore”可推测，她希望人类以可持续的方式从大自然中获取资源，这样自然才会有馈赠。故选B。]
15．A．Altogether B．Anyhow
C．Moreover D．Otherwise
D　[考查副词词义辨析。空前“To get something from nature in a(n) ________ way，we urge more food scientists and agricultural scientists to join us．”和空后“nature will not give us anymore”之间存在转折关系。故选D。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·广东深圳模拟)
Andrea Carter was about 10 years old when she realized she wanted to devote her life to growing food．Growing up in Bethesda，Maryland with a few nearby farms，Carter spent many hours 1．________ (get) her hands dirty in a neighbor's fields．“There wasn't much to do except weed tomatoes and pull kale，” she told Your Hot Job．“Looking back，it was 2．____________ gift to be exposed to the outdoors，to farming，to where food comes from．”
Today，Carter is an agronomist，a scientist 3．____________ studies how plants grow．Agronomists，also known as crop scientists，use that knowledge to help farmers produce much 4．____________ (good) crops in larger quantities．Because there are many 5．____________ (factor) involved in plant growth，agronomists usually have a specific focus．For example，some 6．____________ (special) in soil management，which involves keeping the soil healthy enough to grow plants．Others become experts on controlling weeds or protecting crops 7．__________ insects and diseases．
Carter focuses on desert plants，a choice 8．____________ (influence) by her childhood：Carter's mom is from North Africa，and the family spent time in Tunisia，a country with vast stretches of desert．That led Carter 9．____________ (pursue) a PhD in plant science at the University of Arizona，in Tucson．The city is in the Sonoran Desert，where plants survive with minimal rain．“I came out to Arizona to learn about how people 10．____________ (farm) in this dry landscape for thousands of years，” Carter says．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安德里亚·卡特从10岁立志投身种植，儿时在邻居家的田地劳作，到如今成为专注沙漠植物研究的农学家。
1．getting　[考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词-ing形式。故填getting。]
2．a　[考查冠词。gift为可数名词，此处泛指“一份礼物”，且gift发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。]
3．who/that　[考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。]
4．better　[考查形容词比较级。much修饰形容词比较级，good的比较级为better。故填better。]
5．factors　[考查名词复数。many修饰可数名词复数，factor为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填factors。]
6．specialize　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，specialize in是固定搭配，意为“专门研究；擅长”，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语some表示复数意义，空处应用动词原形。故填specialize。]
7．from/against　[考查介词。protect...from/against...是固定搭配，意为“保护…… 免受……”。故填from/against。]
8．influenced　[考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词focuses，所以空处应用非谓语动词，且choice和influence之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填influenced。]
9．to pursue　[考查非谓语动词。lead sb．to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“促使某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to pursue。]
10．have farmed　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语people为复数意义，助动词应用have。故填have farmed。]
写作规范练(三)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：40分)
Ⅰ．应用文写作(满分15分)
(2026·湖南长沙市一中模拟)
假定你是李华，你校将承办国际体育嘉年华活动(Sports Carnival)，现向学生征集趣味运动活动项目。请你给活动负责人David写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．提议一个项目；
2．阐述实施方案。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear David，
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David，
I'm writing to suggest a Basketball Skills Challenge for the Sports Carnival．This event would involve stations testing various skills like shooting，dribbling，and passing．Participants would be scored based on accuracy and speed，fostering friendly competition and skill development．
The challenge could be open to all camp members，allowing them to participate individually or in teams．We could offer awards for top performers to encourage participation and create a sense of achievement．
I believe this event would be engaging and beneficial for everyone．Thank you for considering my suggestion．
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ．读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2026·湖南长郡中学模拟)
The school's annual Science Fair，a contest showcasing projects from all grades，was just two weeks away．Knowing the significance of the Smart City Design category，Mark and I eagerly volunteered to team up and take the lead in crafting an interactive city model．Before we began，Ms．Johnson gathered us and shared her guiding principles．“Remember，teamwork is essential，” she advised，her voice steady．“Listen to each other's ideas and find a way to combine your strengths．Cooperation can turn your vision into something extraordinary．”
With her words echoing in my mind，I，passionate about design and environmental issues，immediately began sketching blueprints，imagining a layout that minimized energy use．Mark，fueled by his love for technology，eagerly brainstormed ways to integrate cutting-edge devices and automated systems，his enthusiasm shining through every gesture．
However，as with any ambitious project，challenges quickly arose．Our meetings，once filled with excitement，turned into heated arguments．I wanted our city to be visually appealing and environmentally friendly，while Mark only cared about creating something super high-tech that he believed would steal the show．“It has to look impressive！” he insisted，his voice rising in frustration．My patience wore thin as I shot back，“But it has to be sustainable！” Our arguments echoed in the classroom，making it feel as if our once solid partnership was falling apart．To make matters worse，Mark began missing discussions or arriving late due to other priorities．
With only three days left before the fair，tensions reached a breaking point．“We're letting the whole class down！” I screamed，pointing at the half-finished model．“Winning isn't about flashy tech—it's about representing our class with something meaningful！” Mark answered，his face turning red with anger，“I'm trying to win this for us! Your eco-rules are killing our chances！” His words stung，and I was ready to fire back．
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
At this moment，David，our class monitor，stepped in． __________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
With new-found understanding，we began to work in harmony．
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【语篇解读】　本文以校园科技展为背景展开，围绕团队合作中的矛盾与和解展开，讲述了马克和作者从理念冲突到携手合作、最终赢得比赛的过程。
【写作指导】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句“这时，我们的班长大卫走了进来”可知，第一段应描写大卫如何调解矛盾，促使两人反思并达成共识。
②由第二段首句“有了新的理解，我们开始和谐地合作”可知，第二段需展现两人如何融合想法、完成项目，并在科技展上收获成果与感悟。
2．续写线索：矛盾激化——班长调解——反思妥协——理念融合——熬夜赶工——展示成果——赢得比赛——感悟合作
【参考范文】
At this moment，David，our class monitor，stepped in．“This isn't about just winning or proving who's right．You both have amazing ideas，so why not combine your strengths？” He reminded us firmly，his voice cutting through our argument．For the first time in days，Mark and I exchanged a look of understanding，recalling our teacher's advice．Mark admitted his obsession with high-tech had overshadowed our shared vision，while I acknowledged blocking his creativity．Together，we promised to combine eco-design with advanced tech，determined to save our project．
With new-found understanding，we began to work in harmony．I adjusted the layout of the city to include Mark's ideas while Mark，in turn，embraced the challenge of making our device energy-efficient．The three intense days and nights witnessed us working around the clock tirelessly．On the day of the fair，as we stood in front of our completed project—a visually stunning，high-tech，and sustainable smart city，we felt a shared sense of pride．When the judges announced that we had won first place，we leapt for joy and embraced each other tightly．At that moment，we realized true victory lay not in the trophy，but in our transformed partnership．

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