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选择性必修第一册　UNIT 4　Exploring poetry
1．advocate vt．拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
◎advocate (doing) sth． 拥护/支持/提倡(做)某事
◎advocate＋that...(should) do sth．
提倡……
◎It is advocated that...(should) do sth．
主张/提倡……
◎The teacher always advocates reading widely，as it helps students expand their vocabulary and broaden their horizons．
这位老师一直倡导广泛阅读，因为这能帮助学生扩大词汇量和开阔视野。
◎To begin with，we should protect the marine ecological environment and advocate green environmental protection actions．
首先，我们应该保护海洋生态环境，倡导绿色环保行动。
2．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt．宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
◎claim to be...　　 宣称是……；自称是……
claim to do sth．/have done sth．
声称做/做了某事
claim that... 声称……；断言……
◎It is claimed that AI will affect every aspect of our lives in the coming decades．
据称，在未来几十年里，人工智能将影响我们生活的方方面面。
3．distinguish vt．& vi．成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众(distinguished adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；有尊严的)
◎distinguish between A and B　　　区分A和B
distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来；有别于
distinguish oneself as/to be... 作为……而出名
◎be distinguished for/as... 因/作为……而出名
“因……而出名”的其他表达还有be famous for，be well-known for，be noted for等。
◎Reading good books enriches our knowledge and teaches us to distinguish between right and wrong．
阅读好书丰富我们的知识，并教会我们分辨是非。
4．owe vt．欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于
◎owe sb．an apology for... 因……欠某人一个道歉
owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb． 欠某人某物
◎owe...to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb．that... 多亏某人……
◎owing to 因为；由于
◎I owe my high school English teacher a debt of gratitude that time can never erase．
我对高中英语老师的感激，时光永远无法磨灭。
◎It is owing to your encouragement that I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country race．
正是因为你的鼓励，我才能够克服内心的恐惧，在越野赛中挑战自我。
5．blame vt．把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责
◎blame sb．for (doing) sth． 为(做)某事责备某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
◎lay/put/place the blame on... 把责任归咎于……
take/bear the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任
◎It's not clear who is to blame for the delay．
尚不清楚延误该由谁负责。
◎Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness．
因演出失败而被责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤袭来。
6．frozen adj．结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的(freezing adj．极冷的；冰冻的freeze v．(使)冻结，结冰)
◎be frozen with fear/terror/fright 被吓呆了
◎below freezing point 冰点以下
◎above freezing point 冰点以上
◎freeze to death 冻死
◎freeze over 结冰
◎Frozen with fear，she couldn't scream even though the kidnapper was only inches away．
她吓得浑身僵直，尽管绑匪近在咫尺却无法尖叫。
7．reward vt．奖励，奖赏n．奖励，回报；悬赏金(rewarding adj．值得做的；有益的)
◎reward sb．for sth． 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb．with sth． 用某物/某事回报某人
◎as a reward for... 作为对……的报酬
in reward for 为报答……；作为……的奖赏
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．
花几分钟浏览一两页内容，会是一次颇有收获的体验。
8．debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
◎in debt (to sb．) 欠(某人)债；受(某人)恩惠
out of debt 不欠债
get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务危机
pay off debts 还清债务
◎owe sb．a debt 欠某人人情
owe a debt to... 欠……人情/债务
◎Many students graduate in debt due to high tuition fees．
许多学生因高昂学费毕业即负债。
9．dig up 发现，搜集，查明
dig into 挖掘；调查，刻苦钻研
dig out 找出来，发掘
◎The truth of the accident was dug up by a well-informed journalist．
这个事故的真相是被一位消息灵通的新闻记者发现的。
1．Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings．(主语＋be＋adj．＋to do)
相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。
2．As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort．(as long as引导条件状语从句)
只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。
3．It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years．(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。
4．Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties．(过去分词短语作状语)
在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，李白二十几岁便离家周游各地。
5．Given his personal experiences and the historical background，it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style．(介词given)
鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景，可以很自然地看出他的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义的风格。
◎given本身可以作介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，后跟名词或名词性从句。
◎given that是一个连词短语，用于引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到；既然”。
◎Salah Sukkarieh，a professor at the University of Sydney，sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging．
悉尼大学的教授萨拉赫·苏卡里认为，鉴于养牛人的不断老龄化，使用机器人是有必要的。
6．as if 引导的从句中的虚拟语气
Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape．
其次，探索这首诗，就好像你是一个探索陌生风景的探险家。
as if/as though引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
◎如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
◎如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
as if
◎The fireflies danced above the grass at dusk，their tiny lights blinking on and off as though someone had scattered a handful of stars and let them drift low to the earth．
黄昏时分，萤火虫在草丛上空起舞，微光忽明忽暗，仿佛有人撒下一把星辰，任其缓缓飘向地面。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．advocate
①Scientists advocated ____________ (raise) the public's awareness of preserving the precious heritage．
②We advocated that everyone in our school ____________(donate)some money to the area struck by the earthquake．
③(应用文写作之倡议书)我们提倡人人过低碳生活来保护我们的环境。
__________________________________ a low-carbon life to protect our environment．
2．claim
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 5)When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century ____________(claim)its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements．
②The lawyer claimed __________________ (discover) new evidence for the case，and requested a retrial．
③(读后续写之动作描写)我试图说服他站到起跑线上，断言他如果跑完全程，将会成为最佳选手。
I tried to convince him to step up to the starting line，_____________________ if he finished the run．
3．distinguish
①A truly ____________(distinguish) professor can not only distinguish between complex theories ____________ concepts with ease but also inspire students to reach for excellence．
②Over the next few years，he distinguished himself ________ an excellent singer capable of adopting different singing styles．
③They can even distinguish their mother's voice ____________ that of a female stranger．
④(应用文写作之介绍地点)杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩，每年都吸引着大量的游客。
Hangzhou ____________________________________ and attracts large numbers of tourists every year．
→____________________________________________，Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year．(形容词短语作状语)
4．owe
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world ________ people like Bacon and Galilei...
②I owe ________ to you that I had a narrow escape when the accident happened．
③由于他无视交通规则，他要为这次交通事故负责，并被处以巨额罚款。
____________________________________，he was to blame for the traffic accident and was fined a great deal of money．
④她因为自己严厉的话而欠他一个道歉，那些话深深地伤害了他的感情。
She __________________________________，which had hurt his feelings deeply．
5．blame
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)Snow suspected that the water pump was ________ (blame)．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame ________ the alarm clock．
③尽管父母没有责怪我的糟糕表现，但我仍然感到内疚，情绪低落了好几天。
Despite the fact that my parents ____________________________________，I still felt guilty and was in low spirits for several days．
④(应用文写作之建议信)不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人。你应该为失败承担责任。
Don't always _________________________________．You should ____________________________________．
6．frozen
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)In winter，scientists brave heavy snow and ____________(freeze)temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey．
②In the harsh winter，the temperature dropped well ____________ freezing．
③The poor old man froze to ____________ (die) in the cold winter．
④The experiment measured the ____________(freeze) point of the solution，which was found to be lower than that of pure water．
⑤(读后续写之动作描写)看到狼向他逼近，那个男人吓得呆立不动。
Seeing the wolf approaching him，the man ________________________．
7．reward
①(北师大版必修第二册Unit 4)...though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long-term and ____________(reward) friendships．
②The police are offering a $60，000 reward ________ information about the killer．
③They rewarded the winners ________ gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended．
④我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。
I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing _______________________．(as)
→I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing ________________________．(in)
⑤(应用文写作之建议信)独自解决这个问题是一项非常有意义的练习。
____________________________ to work out the problem by yourself．
8．debt
①He started working hard and made a plan to pay ________ debts step by step．
②He had been ________ debt to many people after a series of unfortunate events．
③In fact，I owe ________ debt of gratitude to Simon，my former classmate in college．
④现在，他已经还清了债务，可以松一口气了。
Now，______________ and can breathe a sigh of relief．
9．dig up
①Digging ________ the painful memories，she hesitated to share her story．
②如果你对生活充满好奇，并渴望更深入地去探究，那你就是一个批判性思考者。
If you are curious about life and desire ____________________，you are a critical thinker．
③由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治疗，所以他决定深入研究传统中医。
As he thought some diseases couldn't be treated thoroughly with Western medicine，he decided ________________________________________________．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．After all，nature does not require our ________ (patient)，but our action．
2．It is fine today，so it is an ____________ (idea) day for hiking．
3．Jack has a bad reputation for his words are always ____________ (contradict) to his behaviors．
4．The boy was exploring it because it was interesting to think about its ____________ (imply)．
5．The article has a ____________ (logic) composition and is easy to understand．
6．The beautiful island far from the land is the most ____________ (fascinate) place I have ever been to．
7．The government claimed ____________ (provide) ____________ (allow) for people who made great contributions to our country．
8．To be honest，my ____________ (tolerate) is not limitless，so I will not be always ________ (tolerate) of your ____________ (constant) being late．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．As he tried to grasp the rope tightly，he failed to grasp the instructor's warning，and thus missed the chance to grasp the safety hook in time．
①________________　②________________　③________________
2．The company claimed that the safety measures were perfect，but the accident claimed three lives，after which workers' families claimed compensation and the survivors claimed their lost belongings from the site．
①________________　②________________　③________________　④________________
3．While hiking along the river that bends sharply at the mountain foot，he had to bend to pick up a water bottle and swore that he would never bend to the difficulties of the journey．
①________________　②________________　③________________
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The new project will explore the cultural dimensions of urban development． ________________
2．The sensor can detect even the slightest change in temperature． ________________
3．In this poem，“love” doesn't rhyme with “move” in standard English． ________________
4．How do you interpret the meaning behind this abstract painting？
________________
5．It is a logical conclusion that increased exercise leads to better fitness． ________________
6．He urged us to grasp this splendid opportunity to develop our movie industry． ________________
7．Believe it or not，he won't dare to break his promise． ________________
8．The committee includes representatives from all walks of life． ________________
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．人们相信，这种可怕的疾病很快就会得到控制。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
________________________ the terrible disease will soon be controlled．
2．他谈起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。(as if 引导的从句中的虚拟语气)
He talked about Rome __________________________________．
3．今天的作业很容易做，因此，迈克很快完成了作业，然后出去玩了。(主语＋be＋adj．＋to do)
____________________________________，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play．
4．只要你愿意迈出第一步，通往梦想的道路就会开始铺展。(as long as 引导条件状语从句)
________________________ take the first step，the path to your dreams will begin to unfold．
5．鉴于天气恶劣，比赛可能会取消(given that后接原因状语从句)
________________________，the match may be canceled．
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友温迪(Wendy)非常喜欢中国唐诗，她给你写信想让你推荐一位唐朝著名诗人。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1．简要介绍诗人；
2．其诗歌的特点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①李白是一位杰出的诗人，酷爱饮酒。(distinguish；定语从句)
Li Bai was ________________________________________________．
②他生活在唐朝，当时经济繁荣，社会稳定。(economic；boom)
He lived in the Tang Dynasty，a time of ____________________________________．
③他的诗具有意象鲜明、想象力丰富、风格浪漫等特征。(characterize；striking)
His poetry _______________________________________________．
④他的代表作，如《夜宿山寺》，充满了对自然之美的描写和对生活的思考。(representative)
__________________________ like A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple are full of descriptions of the beauty of nature and reflections on life．
⑤李白的诗至今仍对文学产生着持续的影响，深受全世界读者的喜爱。(动词-ing形式)
Li Bai's poetry，___________________________，is deeply loved by readers worldwide．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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形容词 ideal，rigid，glorious，tolerant，unconstrained 副词 however，eventually
名词 hesitation，confusion，harmony，consequence， diligence 动词 win，advocate，distinguish，grasp，bend，sigh，dare，encounter，cast，owe，blame
鼓励动作描写 ①advocate taking up 鼓励参加 ②earn encouragement得到鼓励 ③cheer sb．up 使某人振作起来 焦虑描写 ① eyebrows knot together 眉头紧锁 ②throw me into total confusion使我完全陷入了困惑之中 ③scratch one's head 挠头；苦苦琢磨 ④at a loss 不知所措；困惑 ⑤one's mind goes blank 某人头脑一片空白 ⑥say/ask with a confused look 一脸疑惑地说/问 ⑦a flood of confusion wells up in sb．困惑袭上某人的心头
感到犹豫 ①go blank一片空白 ②far from satisfactory 不满意
取得成功 ①become a big hit 大受欢迎 ②win first prize获得一等奖
微情景1　“报名与行动”——准备后“一片空白”
The instant Mr Smith announced a poetry competition would be held the next week，I ①________________________________ (毫不犹豫地报名参加了)． However，when I set about preparing for it，②______________________ (我的头脑一片空白；blank)，not knowing what to write．③____________________________(我眉头紧锁；with复合结构)，I walked over to Mr Smith to ask for advice．④________________________(得知我的困惑；动词-ing形式短语作状语)，Mr Smith smiled，“You should write whatever comes into your mind．”His words ⑤________________________ (使我完全陷入了困惑之中)．My parents cheered me up．Then，I kept working hard and eventually won first prize in the poetry competition．
微情景2　“家人的鼓励和支持”——Tim变得著名
Tim has a happy family with all the members living in harmony．As a child，his parents ① ____________________________________ (动员他写诗)．At first，his composition was ②________________________ (不满意；far from)．However，no one blamed him．To his joy，he earned the encouragement of his teachers and then that of his classmates．Tim often went to bed late，his hands ③____________ (freeze)．They told him that it's important to ④________________________ (区分事实与虚构；distinguish)．But later he was devoted to observing and thinking．As a consequence，his first poetry collection became a big hit．When he was interviewed，he ⑤____________________________________ (他把自己的成功归功于勤奋，而不是天资；owe to)．
?提示：主题语篇精练，请完成“题型组合练(二十八)”P410
写作阶段训练，请完成“写作规范练(四)”P4131．advocate vt．拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
◎advocate (doing) sth．
拥护/支持/提倡(做)某事
◎advocate＋that...(should) do sth．
提倡……
◎It is advocated that...(should) do sth．
主张/提倡……
◎The teacher always advocates reading widely，as it helps students expand their vocabulary and broaden their horizons．
这位老师一直倡导广泛阅读，因为这能帮助学生扩大词汇量和开阔视野。
◎To begin with，we should protect the marine ecological environment and advocate green environmental protection actions．
首先，我们应该保护海洋生态环境，倡导绿色环保行动。
2．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt．宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
◎claim to be...　　 宣称是……；自称是……
claim to do sth．/have done sth．
声称做/做了某事
claim that... 声称……；断言……
◎It is claimed that AI will affect every aspect of our lives in the coming decades．
据称，在未来几十年里，人工智能将影响我们生活的方方面面。
3．distinguish vt．& vi．成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众(distinguished adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；有尊严的)
◎distinguish between A and B　　 区分A和B
distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来；有别于
distinguish oneself as/to be... 作为……而出名
◎be distinguished for/as... 因/作为……而出名
“因……而出名”的其他表达还有be famous for，be well-known for，be noted for等。
◎Reading good books enriches our knowledge and teaches us to distinguish between right and wrong．
阅读好书丰富我们的知识，并教会我们分辨是非。
4．owe vt．欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于
◎owe sb．an apology for... 因……欠某人一个道歉
owe sb．sth．＝owe sth．to sb． 欠某人某物
◎owe...to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb．that... 多亏某人……
◎owing to 因为；由于
◎I owe my high school English teacher a debt of gratitude that time can never erase．
我对高中英语老师的感激，时光永远无法磨灭。
◎It is owing to your encouragement that I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country race．
正是因为你的鼓励，我才能够克服内心的恐惧，在越野赛中挑战自我。
5．blame vt．把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责
◎blame sb．for (doing) sth． 为(做)某事责备某人
blame sth．on sb．/sth． 把某事归咎于某人/某事
be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
◎lay/put/place the blame on... 把责任归咎于……
take/bear the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任
◎It's not clear who is to blame for the delay．
尚不清楚延误该由谁负责。
◎Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness．
因演出失败而被责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤袭来。
6．frozen adj．结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的(freezing adj．极冷的；冰冻的freeze v．(使)冻结，结冰)
◎be frozen with fear/terror/fright 被吓呆了
◎below freezing point 冰点以下
◎above freezing point 冰点以上
◎freeze to death 冻死
◎freeze over 结冰
◎Frozen with fear，she couldn't scream even though the kidnapper was only inches away．
她吓得浑身僵直，尽管绑匪近在咫尺却无法尖叫。
7．reward vt．奖励，奖赏n．奖励，回报；悬赏金(rewarding adj．值得做的；有益的)
◎reward sb．for sth． 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb．with sth． 用某物/某事回报某人
◎as a reward for... 作为对……的报酬
in reward for 为报答……；作为……的奖赏
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．
花几分钟浏览一两页内容，会是一次颇有收获的体验。
8．debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
◎in debt (to sb．) 欠(某人)债；受(某人)恩惠
out of debt 不欠债
get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务危机
pay off debts 还清债务
◎owe sb．a debt 欠某人人情
owe a debt to... 欠……人情/债务
◎Many students graduate in debt due to high tuition fees．
许多学生因高昂学费毕业即负债。
9．dig up 发现，搜集，查明
dig into　　　　　　 挖掘；调查，刻苦钻研
dig out 找出来，发掘
◎The truth of the accident was dug up by a well-informed journalist．
这个事故的真相是被一位消息灵通的新闻记者发现的。
1．Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings．(主语＋be＋adj．＋to do)
相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。
2．As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort．(as long as引导条件状语从句)
只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。
3．It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years．(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。
4．Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties．(过去分词短语作状语)
在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，李白二十几岁便离家周游各地。
5．Given his personal experiences and the historical background，it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style．(介词given)
鉴于李白的个人经历和历史背景，可以很自然地看出他的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义的风格。
◎given本身可以作介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，后跟名词或名词性从句。
◎given that是一个连词短语，用于引导原因状语从句，意为“考虑到；既然”。
◎Salah Sukkarieh，a professor at the University of Sydney，sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging．
悉尼大学的教授萨拉赫·苏卡里认为，鉴于养牛人的不断老龄化，使用机器人是有必要的。
6．as if 引导的从句中的虚拟语气
Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape．
其次，探索这首诗，就好像你是一个探索陌生风景的探险家。
as if/as though引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
◎如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
◎如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
as if
◎The fireflies danced above the grass at dusk，their tiny lights blinking on and off as though someone had scattered a handful of stars and let them drift low to the earth．
黄昏时分，萤火虫在草丛上空起舞，微光忽明忽暗，仿佛有人撒下一把星辰，任其缓缓飘向地面。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．advocate
①Scientists advocated raising (raise) the public's awareness of preserving the precious heritage．
②We advocated that everyone in our school (should)_donate(donate)some money to the area struck by the earthquake．
③(应用文写作之倡议书)我们提倡人人过低碳生活来保护我们的环境。
It is advocated that all people_(should)_live a low-carbon life to protect our environment．
2．claim
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 5)When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim(claim)its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements．
②The lawyer claimed to have discovered (discover) new evidence for the case，and requested a retrial．
③(读后续写之动作描写)我试图说服他站到起跑线上，断言他如果跑完全程，将会成为最佳选手。
I tried to convince him to step up to the starting line，claiming that he would be the best runner if he finished the run．
3．distinguish
①A truly distinguished(distinguish) professor can not only distinguish between complex theories and concepts with ease but also inspire students to reach for excellence．
②Over the next few years，he distinguished himself as an excellent singer capable of adopting different singing styles．
③They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger．
④(应用文写作之介绍地点)杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名遐迩，每年都吸引着大量的游客。
Hangzhou is distinguished for its fascinating scenery and attracts large numbers of tourists every year．
→Distinguished for its fascinating scenery，Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year．(形容词短语作状语)
4．owe
①(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei...
②I owe it to you that I had a narrow escape when the accident happened．
③由于他无视交通规则，他要为这次交通事故负责，并被处以巨额罚款。
Owing to his ignorance of traffic rules，he was to blame for the traffic accident and was fined a great deal of money．
④她因为自己严厉的话而欠他一个道歉，那些话深深地伤害了他的感情。
She owed him an apology for her harsh words，which had hurt his feelings deeply．
5．blame
①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame (blame)．
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock．
③尽管父母没有责怪我的糟糕表现，但我仍然感到内疚，情绪低落了好几天。
Despite the fact that my parents didn't blame me for my bad performance，I still felt guilty and was in low spirits for several days．
④(应用文写作之建议信)不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人。你应该为失败承担责任。
Don't always blame your own failure on others．You should take/bear the blame for failure．
6．frozen
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 5)In winter，scientists brave heavy snow and freezing(freeze)temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey．
②In the harsh winter，the temperature dropped well below freezing．
③The poor old man froze to death (die) in the cold winter．
④The experiment measured the freezing(freeze) point of the solution，which was found to be lower than that of pure water．
⑤(读后续写之动作描写)看到狼向他逼近，那个男人吓得呆立不动。
Seeing the wolf approaching him，the man was frozen with fright．
7．reward
①(北师大版必修第二册Unit 4)...though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long-term and rewarding(reward) friendships．
②The police are offering a $60，000 reward for information about the killer．
③They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended．
④我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。
I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing as a reward for your generous help．(as)
→I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help．(in)
⑤(应用文写作之建议信)独自解决这个问题是一项非常有意义的练习。
It is a very rewarding exercise to work out the problem by yourself．
8．debt
①He started working hard and made a plan to pay off debts step by step．
②He had been in debt to many people after a series of unfortunate events．
③In fact，I owe a debt of gratitude to Simon，my former classmate in college．
④现在，他已经还清了债务，可以松一口气了。
Now，he is out of debt and can breathe a sigh of relief．
9．dig up
①Digging up the painful memories，she hesitated to share her story．
②如果你对生活充满好奇，并渴望更深入地去探究，那你就是一个批判性思考者。
If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it，you are a critical thinker．
③由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治疗，所以他决定深入研究传统中医。
As he thought some diseases couldn't be treated thoroughly with Western medicine，he decided to dig into traditional Chinese medicine．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．After all，nature does not require our patience (patient)，but our action．
2．It is fine today，so it is an ideal (idea) day for hiking．
3．Jack has a bad reputation for his words are always contradictory (contradict) to his behaviors．
4．The boy was exploring it because it was interesting to think about its implication (imply)．
5．The article has a logical (logic) composition and is easy to understand．
6．The beautiful island far from the land is the most fascinating (fascinate) place I have ever been to．
7．The government claimed to provide (provide) allowances (allow) for people who made great contributions to our country．
8．To be honest，my tolerance (tolerate) is not limitless，so I will not be always tolerant (tolerate) of your constantly (constant) being late．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．As he tried to grasp the rope tightly，he failed to grasp the instructor's warning，and thus missed the chance to grasp the safety hook in time．
①vt．抓牢　②vt．理解　③vt．抓住(机会)
2．The company claimed that the safety measures were perfect，but the accident claimed three lives，after which workers' families claimed compensation and the survivors claimed their lost belongings from the site．
①vt．声称　②vt．夺走，夺去(生命)　③vt．索赔　④vt．认领
3．While hiking along the river that bends sharply at the mountain foot，he had to bend to pick up a water bottle and swore that he would never bend to the difficulties of the journey．
①vi．拐弯　②vi．弯腰　③vi．屈服
Ⅳ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)
1．The new project will explore the cultural dimensions of urban development．
n．方面
2．The sensor can detect even the slightest change in temperature． v．探测
3．In this poem，“love” doesn't rhyme with “move” in standard English．
v．押韵
4．How do you interpret the meaning behind this abstract painting？v．解释；说明
5．It is a logical conclusion that increased exercise leads to better fitness．
adj．符合逻辑的
6．He urged us to grasp this splendid opportunity to develop our movie industry．
v．抓住
7．Believe it or not，he won't dare to break his promise．v．胆敢
8．The committee includes representatives from all walks of life．n．代表
Ⅴ．写作句式迁移练
1．人们相信，这种可怕的疾病很快就会得到控制。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
It is believed that the terrible disease will soon be controlled．
2．他谈起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。(as if 引导的从句中的虚拟语气)
He talked about Rome as if he had been there before．
3．今天的作业很容易做，因此，迈克很快完成了作业，然后出去玩了。(主语＋be＋adj．＋to do)
Today's homework was easy to do，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play．
4．只要你愿意迈出第一步，通往梦想的道路就会开始铺展。(as long as 引导条件状语从句)
As long as you are willing to take the first step，the path to your dreams will begin to unfold．
5．鉴于天气恶劣，比赛可能会取消(given that后接原因状语从句)
Given that the weather is bad，the match may be canceled．
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友温迪(Wendy)非常喜欢中国唐诗，她给你写信想让你推荐一位唐朝著名诗人。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1．简要介绍诗人；
2．其诗歌的特点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①李白是一位杰出的诗人，酷爱饮酒。(distinguish；定语从句)
Li Bai was a distinguished poet who had a particular fondness for drinking．
②他生活在唐朝，当时经济繁荣，社会稳定。(economic；boom)
He lived in the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom and social stability．
③他的诗具有意象鲜明、想象力丰富、风格浪漫等特征。(characterize；striking)
His poetry was characterized by its striking imagery，rich imagination and romantic style．
④他的代表作，如《夜宿山寺》，充满了对自然之美的描写和对生活的思考。(representative)
The representative works of his poems like A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple are full of descriptions of the beauty of nature and reflections on life．
⑤李白的诗至今仍对文学产生着持续的影响，深受全世界读者的喜爱。(动词-ing形式)
Li Bai's poetry，still having a constant impact on literature，is deeply loved by readers worldwide．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词或过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
【参考范文】
Dear Wendy，
I am more than delighted to hear that you are fascinated by Tang poetry．I am writing to strongly recommend Li Bai to you．
Li Bai was a distinguished poet who had a particular fondness for drinking．He lived in the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom and social stability．His poetry was characterized by its striking imagery，rich imagination and romantic style．The representative works of his poems like A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple are full of descriptions of the beauty of nature and reflections on life．Today，Li Bai's poetry，still having a constant impact on literature，is deeply loved by readers worldwide．
I do hope all of these can be of great help to you to grasp Tang poetry．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
形容词 ideal，rigid，glorious，tolerant，unconstrained 副词 however，eventually
名词 hesitation，confusion，harmony，consequence， diligence 动词 win，advocate，distinguish，grasp，bend，sigh，dare，encounter，cast，owe，blame
鼓励动作描写 ①advocate taking up 鼓励参加 ②earn encouragement得到鼓励 ③cheer sb．up 使某人振作起来 焦虑描写 ① eyebrows knot together 眉头紧锁 ②throw me into total confusion使我完全陷入了困惑之中 ③scratch one's head 挠头；苦苦琢磨 ④at a loss 不知所措；困惑 ⑤one's mind goes blank 某人头脑一片空白 ⑥say/ask with a confused look 一脸疑惑地说/问 ⑦a flood of confusion wells up in sb．困惑袭上某人的心头
感到犹豫 ①go blank一片空白 ②far from satisfactory 不满意
取得成功 ①become a big hit 大受欢迎 ②win first prize获得一等奖
微情景1　“报名与行动”——准备后“一片空白”
The instant Mr Smith announced a poetry competition would be held the next week，I ①signed up for it without hesitation (毫不犹豫地报名参加了)． However，when I set about preparing for it，②my mind went blank (我的头脑一片空白；blank)，not knowing what to write．③With my eyebrows knotting together(我眉头紧锁；with复合结构)，I walked over to Mr Smith to ask for advice．④Learning about my confusion(得知我的困惑；动词-ing形式短语作状语)，Mr Smith smiled，“You should write whatever comes into your mind．”His words ⑤threw me into total confusion (使我完全陷入了困惑之中)．My parents cheered me up．Then，I kept working hard and eventually won first prize in the poetry competition．
微情景2　“家人的鼓励和支持”——Tim变得著名
Tim has a happy family with all the members living in harmony．As a child，his parents ① advocated that he take up writing poems (动员他写诗)．At first，his composition was ②far from satisfactory (不满意；far from)．However，no one blamed him．To his joy，he earned the encouragement of his teachers and then that of his classmates．Tim often went to bed late，his hands ③frozen (freeze)．They told him that it's important to ④distinguish fact from fiction (区分事实与虚构；distinguish)．But later he was devoted to observing and thinking．As a consequence，his first poetry collection became a big hit．When he was interviewed，he ⑤owed his success to diligence rather than intelligence (他把自己的成功归功于勤奋，而不是天资；owe to)．
题型组合练(二十八)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·河北石家庄模拟)
It can be really tough for parents to drop their kids off at kindergarten for the first time，but this teacher's note helped one mom feel more at ease．Tavia Wade shared the sweetest video on social media about how she received a touching gift when she brought her twin daughters to kindergarten that morning．Understandably，the woman was dealing with some pretty heavy emotions．However，the girls' new instructor knew exactly what to say!
As Tavia told her story online，she produced a pack of tissues with a letter attached．She revealed that her daughters' kindergarten teacher had given her this note，which contained a moving poem．Mom proceeded to read the lines out loud．
In her sweet note，the kindergarten teacher wrote that she understood what parents were going through as they dropped off their kids that day．However，she promised that she would care for these children as if they were her own．
“So please put your mind at ease and cry those tears no more，for I will love them and take them in when you leave them at my door，” read the poem's conclusion．
This kindergarten teacher's note was so beautiful that Tavia had already read it several times．She said that it took her quite a while to be able to do this without crying her eyes out! Her husband was also moved by the educator's promise．Although these parents were still feeling emotional，it helped to know that their kids were safe and loved!
Commenters thought this kindergarten teacher's thoughtful note was absolutely precious．Other educators also posted，saying that educators do care about their students．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了塔维娅送孩子上幼儿园时收到老师暖心便条的故事。
1．What do we know about Tavia when she dropped her kids off at kindergarten
A．She read a poem to the kids．
B．She gave a gift to the teacher．
C．She tried to manage her emotions．
D．She left a pack of tissues to the kids．
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Understandably，the woman was dealing with some pretty heavy emotions．”可以推知，塔维娅送孩子去幼儿园时在努力控制自己的情绪。故选C。]
2．What did the kindergarten teacher promise in her note
A．The kids would be in loving hands．
B．She would exchange notes with Wade．
C．She would make sure the kids wouldn't cry．
D．The kids' performances would be energetic．
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“However，she promised that she would care for these children as if they were her own．”可知，幼儿园老师在便条中承诺孩子们会得到充满爱意的照料。故选A。]
3．How is the teacher's poem like
A．Eye-opening．　　 B．Life-changing．
C．Breath-taking． D．Heart-warming．
D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘So please put your mind at ease and cry those tears no more，for I will love them and take them in when you leave them at my door，’ read the poem's conclusion．”以及最后一段中“Commenters thought this kindergarten teacher's thoughtful note was absolutely precious．”可知，老师的诗在安慰家长们，是很暖心的。故选D。]
4．How did other educators respond to the post
A．The proposed better ideas．
B．They showed sympathy to Wade．
C．They confirmed what the teacher said．
D．They expressed an intention to follow suit．
C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“‘So please put your mind at ease and cry those tears no more，for I will love them and take them in when you leave them at my door，’ read the poem's conclusion．”、最后一段中“Other educators also posted，saying that educators do care about their students．”以及文章内容可知，其他教育工作者称教育工作者的确关心他们的学生，即证实了这位老师所说的。故选C。]
B
(2025·江西萍乡模拟)
In this fast-paced world，quiet moments are often spent staring at a phone screen rather than self-reflecting．For those who have forgotten how to switch off and reconnect with ourselves，the Poetry Pharmacy (药房) may be what you can turn to．
The Poetry Pharmacy isn't a typical bookstore or pharmacy．The bookstore part is arranged in sections based on the emotional stages of life，so people can browse and find a book that will lift their mood．All these sections match the pharmacy section's famous poetry therapies．Shelves lined with bottles of pills，each filled with capsules containing unique rolled-up poems．Customers can select from a variety of “prescription” pill bottles，including joy，hope，comfort，compassion and more．
This revolutionary idea sparked from an ambulance in 2011 when Deborah Alma，the founder of the Poetry Pharmacy，then 47，decided to use poetry as a form of medicine．She became known as the “Emergency Poet” as she drove her ambulance around the country and provided first aid of the literary kind．Eight years later Alma turned her emergency literary services into a permanent store in Shropshire．In 2024，a second poetry pharmacy opened on London's Oxford Street，seeking to bring a little calm to the capital．
Katie Dunstan，a published poet，has worked at the Poetry Pharmacy on Oxford Street since its opening．“People just absolutely love it；they come in and they're just like ‘Wow，I've never seen anything like this before’，” she said．
Dunstan loves poetry and how it can make you feel．“It's the truest way of expressing a feeling or emotion because it's so short and concise，and I suppose a poet's job is to condense a feeling into as few words as possible，” she remarked．
The Poetry Pharmacy is now taking off．Alma plans on expanding her shops but is happy at the minute with everything being locally sourced and supplied．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家独特的“诗歌药房”及其创始人Deborah Alma的相关经历以及公众对它的喜爱。
5．What can the Poetry Pharmacy offer to modern individuals
A．A platform to publish poems．
B．An approach to self-reflection．
C．A shelter from physical harm．
D．An access to low-cost counseling．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In this fast-paced world...the Poetry Pharmacy may be what you can turn to．”可知“诗歌药房”可能是进行自我反思的地方，所以“诗歌药房”能为现代人提供一种自我反思的途径。故选B项。]
6．What makes the pharmacy section unique
A．Medicines sold with books．
B．Books sorted by emotion．
C．Poem-filled capsules in bottles．
D．Hand-written prescriptions．
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shelves lined with bottles of pills...compassion and more．”可知，药房部分的独特之处在于瓶子里装着有诗歌的胶囊。故选C项。]
7．Which of the following best describes Alma
A．Reserved and kind．
B．Positive and adventurous．
C．Optimistic and easy-going．
D．Innovative and competent．
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“This revolutionary idea sparked from an ambulance in 2011...decided to use poetry as a form of medicine．”可知，她想出了独特的“诗歌药房”的理念，可推理出她有创新精神。再根据“Eight years later...seeking to bring a little calm to the capital．”可知，她成功地将想法付诸实践并扩大了业务，可推理出她很有能力。故选D项。]
8．What's the public's response to the Poetry Pharmacy
A．Strong criticism and rejection．
B．General indifference and disinterest．
C．Great enthusiasm and amazement．
D．Mixed feelings of curiosity and doubt．
C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“Katie Dunstan，a published poet，has worked at the Poetry Pharmacy on Oxford Street...she said．”可知，人们非常喜欢“诗歌药房”，对“诗歌药房”充满热情并感到惊奇。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·浙江宁波模拟)
When Linda Newbery was eight，she knew she wanted to become a writer． “I wrote a lot—usually in secret 1 people told me at school that writing wasn't a proper job，” she recalls． “I was motivated by the books I 2 ，like a simplified version of Black Beauty which I could almost recite．”
This sets the tone for Linda's lifelong theme of animal 3 ，which is central to her work． For instance，her recent book This Book Is：Cruelty Free Animals and Us，published in 2021，explores how our daily choices 4 animals and the environment．
“I once aimed to be a poet，” says Linda，admitting her 5 attempts were less than impressive． “It's strange that although I write my prose 6 on the computer，I still prefer using a traditional pen and paper for poetry．”
Originating from Essex，Linda attended grammar school before earning an English degree and 7 settling as a secondary school teacher in Oxfordshire． Her first novel Run with the Hare，released in 1988 without the aid of an agent，was 8 by her experiences in teaching and running writing workshops for 9 ． Despite facing numerous industry 10 ，including takeovers (收购) and lost publications，Linda remains positive， 11 for consistent writing practice to maintain creative drive even while dealing with other tasks．
Linda 12 her writing style to suit each story's needs，always considering readers' perspective． As a long-time passionate advocate for animal welfare，she uses social media to 13 animal protection． Alongside fellow authors，she runs Reviews by Writers，a website discussing literature and industry topics and 14 Linda's adaptable storytelling approach and her devotion to 15 readers．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作家琳达·纽伯瑞的写作历程和作品的主题，她调整自己的写作风格，与读者建立了良好的联系。
1．A．until　　　　　　　 B．before
C．because D．though
C　[考查连词词义辨析。根据句意可知，前后为因果关系。故选C项。]
2．A．read B．wrote
C．published D．illustrated
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“like a simplified version of Black Beauty which I could almost recite”可知，作者的动力来源于她读过的书籍。故选A项。]
3．A．diversity
B．intelligence
C．welfare
D．behavior
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“animal welfare”可知，琳达写作的主题与动物福利有关。故选C项。]
4．A．reflect
B．affect
C．benefit
D．interest
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处指这本书探索了人类的活动是怎样影响动物和环境的。故选B项。]
5．A．frequent B．ultimate
C．recent D．early
D　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I once aimed to be a poet”可知，这是琳达早期的尝试。故选D项。]
6．A．directly B．briefly
C．urgently D．perfectly
A　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“on the computer”及语境可知，她直接在电脑上写散文。故选A项。]
7．A．accidentally B．eventually
C．immediately D．gradually
B　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“settling as a secondary school teacher in Oxfordshire”及语境可知，琳达最终在牛津郡定居下来，成为一名中学教师。故选B项。]
8．A．shaped B．inspired
C．guided D．improved
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处指灵感来源于她教学生和为学生举办写作讲习班的经历。故选B项。]
9．A．agents B．poets
C．writers D．students
D　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“teaching and running writing workshops”可知，作者服务的对象是学生。故选D项。]
10．A．trends B．opportunities
C．challenges D．innovations
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“including takeovers and lost publications”可知，这些是面对的挑战。故选C项。]
11．A．advocating B．begging
C．answering D．waiting
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Linda remains positive”以及下文“maintain creative drive even”可知，琳达主张坚持写作实践。故选A项。]
12．A．keeps B．tailors
C．mirrors D．simplifies
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“her writing style to suit each story's needs，always considering readers' perspective”可知，她根据每个故事的需要调整自己的写作风格。故选B项。]
13．A．hold back B．slow down
C．defend against D．campaign for
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文内容可知，此处指她利用社交媒体支持动物保护运动。故选D项。]
14．A．showing B．determining
C．imagining D．expecting
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“she runs Reviews by Writers，a website discussing literature and industry topics”及常识可知，此处指展示了琳达善于变通的讲故事方式，以及她与读者建立联系的奉献精神。故选A项。]
15．A．worrying about B．turning to
C．connecting with D．depending on
C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“always considering readers' perspective”可知，她愿意与读者建立联系。故选C项。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·江西赣州联考)
On November 2，the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the China International Culture Association held the concert “Echoes of Ancient Tang Poems” at the National Center for the Performing Arts，1．____________ traditional Chinese music and poetry were presented to show the beauty of Tang Dynasty literature．
The concert 2．____________ (perform) by the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Asian American Performing Arts Center from the United States，with conductor Marin Alsop 3．____________ (lead) the orchestra．Fourteen singers in the concert came from nine countries including China，the United States and Italy．
The concert opened 4．____________ Brahms' famous work Haydn Variations and 5．__________ (feature) seven symphonic (交响乐的) pieces，based on Tang poetry，like Drink to Me and Quiet Thoughts by Night，created by musicians from multiple countries．
6．____________ (honor) Chinese poet Zhang Ruoxu，the piece Spring River Flower Moon Night was specially created by the China Association for Cultural Exchange with Foreign Countries and the Philadelphia Orchestra and composed by American composer Mason Bates．
The “Echoes of Ancient Tang Poems” concert was once held at the Kimmel Center in Philadelphia and the Lincoln Center in New York in January 2023，serving as 7．____________ symbol of union between Eastern and Western cultures，and 8．____________ (remarkable) connecting audiences across borders through the timeless beauty of Tang poetry．This concert is a 9．____________ (remind) that music and art can promote 10．____________ (share) understanding and appreciation among diverse cultures．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了11月2日，文化和旅游部与中国国际文化交流协会在国家大剧院举办“唐诗的回响”音乐会，用中国传统音乐和诗词演绎大唐文学之美。
1．where　[考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the concert，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。]
2．was performed　[考查时态和语态。句子描述过去发生的事，且主语和动词perform是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was performed。]
3．leading　[考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构，宾语conductor和动词lead是主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，故填leading。]
4．with　[考查介词。open with固定搭配，表示“以……拉开序幕”，故填with。]
5．featured　[考查时态。此处应用过去式featured与opened构成并列谓语，描述过去发生的事，故填featured。]
6．To honor　[考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填To honor。]
7．a　[考查冠词。此处泛指一个象征，应用不定冠词，且symbol发音是以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
8．remarkably　[考查副词。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词connecting，故填remarkably。]
9．reminder　[考查名词。此处应用名词作表语，表示“提醒物”，应用名词reminder，由a可知，应用单数，故填reminder。]
10．shared　[考查形容词。此处应用形容词shared作定语，修饰名词understanding，故填shared。]
写作规范练(四)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：40分)
Ⅰ．应用文写作(满分15分)
(2026·浙江强基联盟模拟)
假定你是李华，外教老师Jenny准备在班里举办一次辩论赛，她给出了“Mobile phones in class？”和“Group or individual study？”两个题目供大家选择。请给Jenny写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你的选择；
2．说明理由。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jenny，
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文1】
Dear Jenny，
I'd like to recommend “Mobile phones in class？” as our debate topic．It's a practical and engaging issue that affects all of us directly．
This topic sparks strong opinions．Some argue phones aid learning through online searches and apps，while others believe they distract students．A debate would help us weigh these views fairly．Plus，it encourages critical thinking about technology's role in education．
I hope this suggestion is helpful．It's a topic everyone can relate to，ensuring lively discussions．Looking forward to your feedback!
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文2】
Dear Jenny，
I'd like to suggest “Group or individual study？” as our debate topic．This is a meaningful choice that every student encounters in their learning process．
Group study encourages collaboration and diverse perspectives，while individual study allows for personalized focus．Some students thrive in team discussions，whereas others prefer quietude and independence．Exploring both approaches would help us understand their respective strengths in different learning situations．
I believe this topic will lead to a practical and insightful discussion．It could even help classmates improve their study habits．Hope you find this suggestion useful!
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ．读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2026·长沙市一中模拟)
I'd always been told to take care of my older brother，Brian，who was born weak and small．I'd often tie his shoes or prepare another glass of water for him．My mom saw my larger size and strong body as a sign that I was to be a kind of guardian angel (守护天使) for Brian．However，that was not the case．
One day our school sponsored a pumpkin-carving contest．First prize was $100，and I knew just how I would spend it．There was a brand-new game I was dying to own．So I decided the first place bonus definitely had to land in my pocket．
When I had to carve the perfect pumpkin I'd picked out，it dawned on me that with my big clumsy fingers I'd surely screw it up (搞砸)．I thought of Brian's smaller，delicate hands and knew he was the man for the job．I immediately begged Brian．Unexpectedly，he asked for a cut．That was fifty-fifty．Quickly doing the math in my head，I figured out even if I split (分摊) the first prize，I'd still have enough cash for the game．So I gave in to Brian's demands．With skillful hands Brian carved the perfect face，and now we had the best pumpkin ever．
Then the unexpected happened：we came in second．Unfortunately，second prize was only $50，and I needed every penny of that to buy the game．The day of the awards ceremony，the principal handed over the money to me because Brian was home，sick with a cold．
If he really wanted to win，he would have been here today，I thought to myself，justifying stealing the cash from under poor Brian's runny nose．With hardly a thought，I ran to the store and bought my dream game．That night when Brian asked if we had won，I denied it，afraid to look into his eyes．
The whole thing was never mentioned again until the day when Brian was packing for college．I played my usual role in helping him pack when I came across an old album filled with photos he had taken as the school photographer．
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye． ______________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
“You actually knew and didn't say anything？” I was shocked． ___________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【语篇解读】　本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者与哥哥Brian之间的一次经历，展现了兄弟之间的情感变化以及作者对“真正胜利”的理解。
【写作指导】
1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我正欣赏着这些照片，其中一张吸引了我的目光。”以及第二段首句内容“‘你其实早就知道却什么都没说？’我震惊地问道。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现自己的哥哥早就知道他们获得了二等奖，却没有揭穿作者。
②由第二段首句内容“‘你其实早就知道却什么都没说？’我震惊地问道。”可知，第二段可描写作者向哥哥道歉，也真正理解了兄弟情谊的重要性。
2．续写线索：作者欣赏着照片，突然发现了一张俩人一起雕刻南瓜的照片——在照片下，哥哥记下了他们一起雕刻南瓜这件事，并感叹虽然没有获得第一名，但是仍然是胜利——作者突然意识到哥哥早就知道了真相，却没有揭穿自己的谎言——作者准备向哥哥坦白，可是哥哥却温柔地为两人的团队合作感到自豪——作者非常愧疚，真诚地向哥哥道歉——从此之后，作者真正理解了兄弟情谊。
【参考范文】
I was enjoying the photos when one caught my eye．It was a picture of the pumpkin we had carved together．Underneath，Brian had written，“My first real win with my brother．Even if we didn't get first，it was a victory because we worked as a team．” Seeing those words，a wave of guilt washed over me．I remembered how I had selfishly taken all the money and lied to him．I realized how much I had let him down．I turned to Brian，ready to confess everything．
“You actually knew and didn't say anything？”_I was shocked．Brian just smiled gently and said，“I always knew．But I also knew that you needed that game more than the money at that time．And I was proud of our teamwork，not the prize．I hoped one day you'd understand the real meaning of winning together．” His words made me feel even more ashamed．I apologized sincerely，vowing to make it up to him．From then on，I truly understood my role as his guardian angel and the importance of true brotherhood．

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