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第二讲　非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式及其句法功能
?真题体验
1．(2023·全国乙卷)______________(visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing．
2．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，__________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ______________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents．
?语法精讲
非谓语 形式 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式
动词 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done
动词 -ing 形式 动名 词 doing having done being done having been done
现在 分词
动词 -ed 形式 过去 分词 done
非谓语形式 句法功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语
√ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing 形式 动名 词 √ √ √ √
现在 分词 √ √ √ √
动词 -ed 形式 过去 分词 √ √ √ √
单句语法填空
1．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Some books are just too difficult ________________(adapt) for technical reasons，although films like Life of Pi are changing this idea．
2．(2025·山东潍坊三模)When they are not in use，they remain rolled up，with coverings on the back and front to protect the painting．____________ (keep) in this way helps Thangkas (唐卡画) last for a very long time．
3．(2025·河南五市联考)I came to Beijing to study Chinese art．________________ (live) here for about four years up to now，I have a better understanding of China's northern food．
非谓语动词作状语
?真题体验
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ____________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed．”
?语法精讲
1．动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to，但so as to不用于句首。
※I saved every cent (in order) to buy a car．
为了买车，我存下每一分钱。
(2)作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用结构enough to，so/such...as to，too...to...，only to等。
※The boy is too young to dress himself．
这个男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
※He hurried home only to find his money stolen．
他急忙赶回家，却发现自己的钱被偷了。
(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。
※I am overjoyed to hear the news．
听到这个消息我太高兴了。
2．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；过去分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语构成被动关系。分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式和结果等。
※Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy．
听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
※Given more time，I can do the work better．
如果多给一点时间，我能把工作做得更好。
[名师点津]
现在分词和only to do sth．都可以表示结果，但是现在分词作状语表示顺理成章的结果，即由于前句动作的发生而自然造成的结果，而only to do sth．表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)结果。
※Her parents died，leaving her an orphan．
她父母双亡，留下她一个孤儿。
※I ran all the way to the post office，only to find it closed．
我一路跑到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea，but enough ____________ (inspire) Darwin to look for more evidence．
2．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．____________ (use) the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other．
3．____________ (locate) in a naturally deep and round karst depression in Southwest China's Guizhou Province，FAST started formal operation in January 2020．
非谓语动词作定语
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国二卷)Growing up，my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing，denying me the chance ____________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day．
2．(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt __________ (leave) to sun for a day，well，you're missing out on one of life's wonders．
3．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ____________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright，providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing．
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，was built at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace．
5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ____________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．
?语法精讲
1．动词不定式作定语
(1)表示动作即将发生。
※The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important．
将在会议上讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。
(2)多用于ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，decision，desire，determination，effort，reason，time，tradition等词后。
※He has the ability to do the work．
他有能力做这项工作。
※Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃实验的决定让我们很惊讶。
(3)多用于被序数词，the only，the last，the right或形容词最高级修饰的名词后。
※Mr Peterson is always the first person to arrive at the training centre．
皮特森先生总是第一个到达训练中心的人。
2．动名词作定语
表示所修饰名词的用途。
※No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris．
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
3．分词作定语
现在分词表示主动、正在进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
※The child standing over there is my brother．
站在那儿的小孩是我弟弟。
※The frightened child stood there still．
那个吓坏了的小孩站在那里一动不动。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)To get this job，the candidates had to make a short video ____________(show) how much they knew about the reef．
2．(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In addition to making people aware of a product or service，a successful advertisement will also create a desire ____________ (buy)，thus boosting business．
3．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Despite the challenges，there have been some highly successful films ____________ (make) from popular books．
4．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)The first landmark ____________(catch)my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost．
非谓语动词作宾语
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国一卷)We hope ____________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context，and initiate dialogues with　minimalist art，conceptual art and expressionism．
2．(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people's lives today，and I know that doesn't always mean ____________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says．
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend ____________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether ____________(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth...
5．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years ____________ (record) everything I discovered．
?语法精讲
作动词的宾语
(1)后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
admit，advise，allow，dislike，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，envy，can't help，delay，escape，can't stand/bear，deny，excuse，consider，fancy，favour，mind，miss，finish，oppose，pardon，resist，forgive，permit，imagine，postpone，risk，involve，practise，suggest，keep，quit，keep on，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote oneself to，be used to(习惯于)，set about，put off等。
(2)后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：
attempt，afford，agree，aim，arrange，choose，neglect，demand，long，expect，determine，manage，pretend，desire，wish，offer，beg，fail，plan，bother，care，prepare，decide，learn，hesitate，claim，hope，promise，want，refuse，seek，threaten，would like等。
(3)既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词(短语)：
forget，remember，stop，regret，go on，mean，start，begin，try等，但意义上有区别。
(4)need、require、want作为“需要”使用以及deserve作为“应受，应得”使用时，其后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式。
※The road needs repairing/to be repaired．
这条路需要(被)修。
(5)it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
※I think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well．
我认为学好一门外语对我们来说很重要。
单句语法填空
1．(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)One medical text from the fourth century suggested ____________ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever．
2．(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)If we grow up eating certain foods in our family，then those foods tend ____________ (link) with positive emotions．
3．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Key duties include ____________ (explore) the islands of the reef and ____________ (find) out what the area has to offer．
非谓语动词作补足语
?真题体验
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left _____________(want) more next time．
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编)Orange trees make great gifts and you see them many times ______________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune．
?语法精讲
1．非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语
①advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，drive，encourage，expect，force，invite，order，permit，recommend，require，teach，tell，want等词后常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
※If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on．
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
②感官动词feel，hear，listen to，look at，observe，see，notice，watch以及使役动词let，have，make等词后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
※I felt the wind blow gently on my face when I sat by the lake．
我坐在湖边时，感觉到风轻轻吹在脸上。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的有feel，catch，find，listen to，hear，have，keep，get，leave，see，watch，look at，observe，notice等
※I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning．
今天早上醒来时，我听见钟敲了八下。
※After I arrived in America，I found myself living in a completely foreign culture．
当我到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。
※I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind．
我发现我被一阵强风刮到海上去了。
2．非谓语动词作主语补足语
在“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，如果变为被动语态，则需要将宾语前置，变成主语，此时，原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。含有动词不定式作主语补足语的句型：Sb．/Sth．be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done＋其他．
※The president was reported to have visited China．
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
3．with复合结构
(1)with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生。
※With much work to do this afternoon，Jack left hurriedly．
由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。
(2)with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行。
※He sat there，with his eyes looking at the sky．
他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。
(3)with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已经完成。
※With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance．
他专心于工作，没有注意到我的到来。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us __________ (update) on each patient．
2．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Despite his father's successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，____________ (be) too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps．
3．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)With us long ____________ (believe)that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all．
非谓语动词作主语和表语
?真题体验
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is ___________(improve)connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild．
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)____________(travel) to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
?语法精讲
1．不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
※To enter a good university for further study is my goal now．
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
※It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer．
背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
(3)不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
※My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university．
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
※Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English．
参加英语演讲比赛是一种很有帮助的学习英语的方法。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of ..．)/no use/no good doing sth．结构中。
※It's no use arguing with him about the question，for he won't change his mind．
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他是不会改变主意的。
(3)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
※My job is cleaning the house three times a week．(＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job．)
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
3．过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特征。
※I am pleased with the result of the experiment．
我对实验结果很满意。
※The cup is broken．(强调杯子的状态)
杯子破了。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In most countries，____________(turn)18 marks the start of adulthood．
2．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Although highly regarded books do not always make good films，it is safe ____________ (say) that great films may be made from not particularly good books．
3．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____________ (challenge)．
[典例1]During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together __________(share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes．
[典例2]Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time __________(spend) with his students．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2025·重庆模拟)____________(date) back almost 13，500 years，the sculpture is now the oldest known example of three-dimensional art in East Asia．
2．(2025·山东青岛一模)Despite being two goals behind the Republic of Korea in the first half，the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals ____________ (score) in just five minutes．
3．Zibo City in Shandong Province has unexpectedly gone viral on Chinese social media for its local barbecue specialty，and continues to trend as the local government takes the opportunity ____________(boost) tourism and spending．
4．(2026·山东聊城模拟)____________ (examine) what drove environmental action in both cultures，Eom's team conducted a study with participants from the United States and Thailand．
5．(2025·广东广州模拟)____________ (prepare) your own food lets you decide the ingredients and the amounts of them that go into it．
6．(2025·江苏南通模拟)Although sometimes he still has trouble ____________(distinguish) between Putonghua and the dialect，he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others．
7．(2025·吉林长春二模)Oceans are estimated ________________(absorb) more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases．
8．(2025·河南信阳一模)The ceremony also contained elements of Liangzhu culture and the Qiantang River tides，____________(reflect) China's long and storied history．
9．(2025·八省联考)The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allows people ____________ (meet)，talk，and get to know one another．
10．(2025·山东滨州二模)A train ____________ (travel) at 400km/h would shorten the journey from Beijing to Shanghai to 2.5 hours．
Ⅱ．语法与写作
1．____________________________________，they got up immediately and rushed to the mouth of the cave，without putting on their shoes．
听到熟悉的声音，他们立即起身，没有穿鞋就冲到洞口。
2．I explained the situation， _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
我解释了情况，对意外的结果感到尴尬和害怕。
3．Ruby immediately got the other girls to help her lift the tree trunk from Lily's leg，_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
鲁比立刻让其他女孩帮她把树干从莉莉腿上抬起来，却发现她的腿断了。
4．________________________，I fingered the letter and read it word for word．
我用颤抖的双手抚摸着那封信，逐字逐句地读着。
5．Finally，during the afternoon break，some excellent sample essays ________________________ can be displayed．
最后，在下午的休息时间，可以展示一些学生发表的优秀范文。
Ⅲ．语篇提能练(非谓语动词)
Let children learn 1．____________ (judge) their own work．A child 2．____________ (learn) to talk does not learn by 3．____________ (correct) all the time．If 4．____________ (correct) too much，he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others' language．Bit by bit，he makes the right changes 5．____________ (make) his language like other people's．In the same way，children learn to do all the other things．They learn to talk，run，climb and ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more 6．____________ (skill) people，and slowly make the 7．____________ (need) changes．But in school，teachers never give a child a chance 8．____________ (find) out his mistakes for himself，even fewer chances for him to correct himself．They do it all for him．Teachers act as if the student would fail 9．____________ (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him．They act as if the student would never correct it unless 10．____________ (make) to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let the student do it himself．Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what this word means and what the answer is to that problem．第二讲　非谓语动词
非谓语动词的形式及其句法功能
?真题体验
1．(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited(visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing．
2．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents．
?语法精讲
非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式
动词不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done
动词 -ing 形式 动名 词 doing having done being done having been done
现在 分词
动词 -ed 形式 过去 分词 done
非谓语形式 句法功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语
√ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing 形式 动名 词 √ √ √ √
现在 分词 √ √ √ √
动词 -ed 形式 过去 分词 √ √ √ √
单句语法填空
1．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Some books are just too difficult to be adapted(adapt) for technical reasons，although films like Life of Pi are changing this idea．
2．(2025·山东潍坊三模)When they are not in use，they remain rolled up，with coverings on the back and front to protect the painting．Being kept (keep) in this way helps Thangkas (唐卡画) last for a very long time．
3．(2025·河南五市联考)I came to Beijing to study Chinese art． Having lived (live) here for about four years up to now，I have a better understanding of China's northern food．
非谓语动词作状语
?真题体验
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air．
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed．”
?语法精讲
1．动词不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to，但so as to不用于句首。
※I saved every cent (in order) to buy a car．
为了买车，我存下每一分钱。
(2)作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用结构enough to，so/such...as to，too...to...，only to等。
※The boy is too young to dress himself．
这个男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
※He hurried home only to find his money stolen．
他急忙赶回家，却发现自己的钱被偷了。
(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。
※I am overjoyed to hear the news．
听到这个消息我太高兴了。
2．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。现在分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；过去分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语构成被动关系。分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式和结果等。
※Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy．
听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。
※Given more time，I can do the work better．
如果多给一点时间，我能把工作做得更好。
[名师点津]
现在分词和only to do sth．都可以表示结果，但是现在分词作状语表示顺理成章的结果，即由于前句动作的发生而自然造成的结果，而only to do sth．表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)结果。
※Her parents died，leaving her an orphan．
她父母双亡，留下她一个孤儿。
※I ran all the way to the post office，only to find it closed．
我一路跑到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea，but enough to inspire (inspire) Darwin to look for more evidence．
2．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．Using (use) the wood wide web，plants can share information and even food with each other．
3．Located (locate) in a naturally deep and round karst depression in Southwest China's Guizhou Province，FAST started formal operation in January 2020．
非谓语动词作定语
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国二卷)Growing up，my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing，denying me the chance to discover (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day．
2．(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt left (leave) to sun for a day，well，you're missing out on one of life's wonders．
3．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent (rent) rather than purchase them outright，providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing．
4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，inspired (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion，was built at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace．
5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognized(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．
?语法精讲
1．动词不定式作定语
(1)表示动作即将发生。
※The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important．
将在会议上讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。
(2)多用于ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，decision，desire，determination，effort，reason，time，tradition等词后。
※He has the ability to do the work．
他有能力做这项工作。
※Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃实验的决定让我们很惊讶。
(3)多用于被序数词，the only，the last，the right或形容词最高级修饰的名词后。
※Mr Peterson is always the first person to arrive at the training centre．
皮特森先生总是第一个到达训练中心的人。
2．动名词作定语
表示所修饰名词的用途。
※No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris．
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
3．分词作定语
现在分词表示主动、正在进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
※The child standing over there is my brother．
站在那儿的小孩是我弟弟。
※The frightened child stood there still．
那个吓坏了的小孩站在那里一动不动。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)To get this job，the candidates had to make a short video showing(show) how much they knew about the reef．
2．(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In addition to making people aware of a product or service，a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy (buy)，thus boosting business．
3．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Despite the challenges，there have been some highly successful films made (make) from popular books．
4．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)The first landmark to catch(catch)my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost．
非谓语动词作宾语
?真题体验
1．(2025·全国一卷)We hope to present (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context，and initiate dialogues with　minimalist art，conceptual art and expressionism．
2．(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people's lives today，and I know that doesn't always mean returning (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says．
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether to bite(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth...
5．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years recording (record) everything I discovered．
?语法精讲
作动词的宾语
(1)后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
admit，advise，allow，dislike，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，envy，can't help，delay，escape，can't stand/bear，deny，excuse，consider，fancy，favour，mind，miss，finish，oppose，pardon，resist，forgive，permit，imagine，postpone，risk，involve，practise，suggest，keep，quit，keep on，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote oneself to，be used to(习惯于)，set about，put off等。
(2)后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：
attempt，afford，agree，aim，arrange，choose，neglect，demand，long，expect，determine，manage，pretend，desire，wish，offer，beg，fail，plan，bother，care，prepare，decide，learn，hesitate，claim，hope，promise，want，refuse，seek，threaten，would like等。
(3)既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词(短语)：
forget，remember，stop，regret，go on，mean，start，begin，try等，但意义上有区别。
(4)need、require、want作为“需要”使用以及deserve作为“应受，应得”使用时，其后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式。
※The road needs repairing/to be repaired．
这条路需要(被)修。
(5)it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
※I think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well．
我认为学好一门外语对我们来说很重要。
单句语法填空
1．(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)One medical text from the fourth century suggested using (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever．
2．(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)If we grow up eating certain foods in our family，then those foods tend to be linked (link) with positive emotions．
3．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Key duties include exploring (explore) the islands of the reef and finding (find) out what the area has to offer．
非谓语动词作补足语
?真题体验
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting(want) more next time．
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编)Orange trees make great gifts and you see them many times decorated(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune．
?语法精讲
1．非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语
①advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，drive，encourage，expect，force，invite，order，permit，recommend，require，teach，tell，want等词后常跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
※If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on．
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
②感官动词feel，hear，listen to，look at，observe，see，notice，watch以及使役动词let，have，make等词后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
※I felt the wind blow gently on my face when I sat by the lake．
我坐在湖边时，感觉到风轻轻吹在脸上。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的有feel，catch，find，listen to，hear，have，keep，get，leave，see，watch，look at，observe，notice等
※I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning．
今天早上醒来时，我听见钟敲了八下。
※After I arrived in America，I found myself living in a completely foreign culture．
当我到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。
※I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind．
我发现我被一阵强风刮到海上去了。
2．非谓语动词作主语补足语
在“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，如果变为被动语态，则需要将宾语前置，变成主语，此时，原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。含有动词不定式作主语补足语的句型：Sb．/Sth．be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done＋其他．
※The president was reported to have visited China．
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
3．with复合结构
(1)with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生。
※With much work to do this afternoon，Jack left hurriedly．
由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。
(2)with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行。
※He sat there，with his eyes looking at the sky．
他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。
(3)with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已经完成。
※With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance．
他专心于工作，没有注意到我的到来。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated (update) on each patient．
2．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 3)Despite his father's successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，to be (be) too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps．
3．(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 5)With us long believing (believe)that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing： it appears that plants can communicate after all．
非谓语动词作主语和表语
?真题体验
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve(improve)connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas，and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild．
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling/Traveling(travel) to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information．
?语法精讲
1．不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
※To enter a good university for further study is my goal now．
进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
※It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer．
背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
(3)不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
※My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university．
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。
※Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English．
参加英语演讲比赛是一种很有帮助的学习英语的方法。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of ... )/no use/no good doing sth．结构中。
※It's no use arguing with him about the question，for he won't change his mind．
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他是不会改变主意的。
(3)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
※My job is cleaning the house three times a week．(＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job．)
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
3．过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特征。
※I am pleased with the result of the experiment．
我对实验结果很满意。
※The cup is broken．(强调杯子的状态)
杯子破了。
单句语法填空
1．(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)In most countries，turning(turn)18 marks the start of adulthood．
2．(北师大版选择性必修第二册Unit 6)Although highly regarded books do not always make good films，it is safe to say (say) that great films may be made from not particularly good books．
3．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge)．
[典例1]During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together to share(share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes．
[典例2]Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．(2025·重庆模拟)Dating(date) back almost 13，500 years，the sculpture is now the oldest known example of three-dimensional art in East Asia．
2．(2025·山东青岛一模)Despite being two goals behind the Republic of Korea in the first half，the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals scored (score) in just five minutes．
3．Zibo City in Shandong Province has unexpectedly gone viral on Chinese social media for its local barbecue specialty，and continues to trend as the local government takes the opportunity to boost(boost) tourism and spending．
4．(2026·山东聊城模拟)To examine (examine) what drove environmental action in both cultures，Eom's team conducted a study with participants from the United States and Thailand．
5．(2025·广东广州模拟)Preparing (prepare) your own food lets you decide the ingredients and the amounts of them that go into it．
6．(2025·江苏南通模拟)Although sometimes he still has trouble distinguishing(distinguish) between Putonghua and the dialect，he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others．
7．(2025·吉林长春二模)Oceans are estimated to have absorbed(absorb) more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases．
8．(2025·河南信阳一模)The ceremony also contained elements of Liangzhu culture and the Qiantang River tides，reflecting(reflect) China's long and storied history．
9．(2025·八省联考)The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks，which allows people to meet (meet)，talk，and get to know one another．
10．(2025·山东滨州二模)A train traveling/travelling (travel) at 400km/h would shorten the journey from Beijing to Shanghai to 2.5 hours．
Ⅱ．语法与写作
1．Hearing the voice they were familiar with，they got up immediately and rushed to the mouth of the cave，without putting on their shoes．
听到熟悉的声音，他们立即起身，没有穿鞋就冲到洞口。
2．I explained the situation，feeling embarrassed and frightened by the unexpected outcome．
我解释了情况，对意外的结果感到尴尬和害怕。
3．Ruby immediately got the other girls to help her lift the tree trunk from Lily's leg，only to find her leg was broken．
鲁比立刻让其他女孩帮她把树干从莉莉腿上抬起来，却发现她的腿断了。
4．With my trembling hands，I fingered the letter and read it word for word．
我用颤抖的双手抚摸着那封信，逐字逐句地读着。
5．Finally，during the afternoon break，some excellent sample essays published by students can be displayed．
最后，在下午的休息时间，可以展示一些学生发表的优秀范文。
Ⅲ．语篇提能练(非谓语动词)
Let children learn 1．to judge (judge) their own work．A child 2．learning (learn) to talk does not learn by 3．being corrected (correct) all the time．If 4．corrected (correct) too much，he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others' language．Bit by bit，he makes the right changes 5．to make (make) his language like other people's．In the same way，children learn to do all the other things．They learn to talk，run，climb and ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more 6．skilled (skill) people，and slowly make the 7．needed (need) changes．But in school，teachers never give a child a chance 8．to find (find) out his mistakes for himself，even fewer chances for him to correct himself．They do it all for him．Teachers act as if the student would fail 9．to notice (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him．They act as if the student would never correct it unless 10．made (make) to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let the student do it himself．Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what this word means and what the answer is to that problem．

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