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题型组合练(十八)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·湖南长沙模拟)
A few bat species migrate thousands of kilometers．This rare behavior has long puzzled scientists，but researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior (MPI-AB) recently studied 71 bats during their spring migration across Europe．
“We don't just see the path that bats took，but we also see what they experienced in the environment as they migrated，”says Edward Hurme，a researcher at MPI-AB．The study's tracking devices weigh just 5% of a bat's body and feature multiple sensors to measure activity levels and air temperature．Unlike conventional trackers requiring close distance to get data，these labels turn 1，440 daily sensor readings into a 12-byte(字节) message．The data will be transmitted through a long-range network，allowing real-time monitoring from anywhere in Europe．
The tags collected data for up to four weeks as the bats migrated back northeast，revealing routes far more changeable than previously thought．“We had assumed that bats were following a unified path，but we now see they are moving all over the landscape in a general north-east direction，” says senior author Dina Dechmann from MPI-AB．
The scientists analyzed the data and found that bats can migrate almost 400 kilometers in a single night—breaking the known record for the species．They alternated their migratory flights with frequent stops，likely because they needed to feed continuously．“Unlike migratory birds，bats don't gain weight in preparation for migration，” says Dechmann．
“On certain nights，we saw an explosion of departures，” says the researcher Hurme．They found that these migration waves could be explained by changes in weather．“They were riding storm fronts，using the support of warm tailwinds (顺风)．It was known that birds use wind support during migration，and now we see that bats do too，” he adds．
“Before this study，we didn't know what made bats start migrating，” says Hurme．“More studies like this will help form a system to forecast bat migration．We can be stewards of bats，helping wind farms to turn off their turbines (涡轮) on nights when bats are streaming through and this is just a small part of what we will find if we all keep working to open that black box．”
1．What's the advantage of devices used in the study over traditional ones
A．It's very light in its weight．
B．It's equipped with sensors．
C．It can detect air temperature．
D．It enables remote supervision．
2．What hypothesis of the researchers is proven incorrect
A．Bats migrate for long distance．
B．Bats move in a high speed．
C．Bats follow a common route．
D．Bats migrate to same directions．
3．What can we know about the mass departures of bats
A．It's to follow the pace．
B．It ensures the schedule．
C．It saves physical strength．
D．It's affected by birds．
4．What does the underlined part “open that black box” mean in the last paragraph
A．Conduct in-depth research to find more secrets．
B．Develop advanced trackers for more accurate data．
C．Study wind farms' impact on bats to protect them．
D．Establish nature reserves for bats in migrations．
B
(2025·湖北武汉模拟)
WASHINGTON(AP)—Two-thirds of animal and plant populations are declining in genetic diversity，which makes it harder to adapt to environmental changes，according to research published on Wednesday．
Long before a species goes extinct，the population becomes smaller and more scattered，shrinking (使减少) the number of potential mates and therefore genetic mixing．This leaves a species more at risk to future threats such as disease．“A surprising trend was that we saw genetic diversity declining even among many species that aren't considered at risk，” said co-author Catherine Grueber，a conservation biologist at the University of Sydney．
Researchers examined data for 628 species studied between 1985 and 2019．The greatest losses in genetic variation were seen in birds and mammals．Findings were published in the journal Nature，“When a species has different genetic solutions，it's better able to deal with changes，” said David Nogués-Bravo at the University of Copenhagen，who was not involved in the study．If a new disease spreads through a population or climate change affects summer rainfall，some individuals will handle better than others，in part because of their genes．Higher genetic diversity also means there's a greater chance of a species survival．
Conservation efforts to connect separated populations—basically expanding the dating pool for a particular species—can help maintain or even restore genetic diversity．The Florida panther (佛罗里达美洲狮) is an endangered species that has steadily lost habitat to highways and urban expansion．By the mid-1990s，the remaining big cats in southern Florida showed clear signs of breeding between close relatives—with bent tails and low male fertility (生育能力)．Biologists brought eight female panthers from Texas to Florida．Twenty years later，the number of Florida panthers in the wild has grown significantly and genetic diversity increased．“Isolated populations suffer，” said Duke University ecologist Stuart Pimm，who was not part of the research．“The solution is to reconnect them．”
5．Which is correct about genetic diversity according to the research
A．It remains stable across all species on earth．
B．It undergoes a small change in species at risk．
C．It experiences great losses in birds and mammals．
D．It is declining sharply only in endangered species．
6．What strategy was used to increase the genetic diversity of Florida panthers
A．Building more freeways to expand their habitat．
B．Making efforts to reconnect isolated populations．
C．Restricting unplanned urban growth in southern Florida．
D．Conducting more research through conservation initiatives．
7．What is the author's tone toward restoring genetic diversity
A．Supportive．　　　 B．Doubtful．
C．Neutral． D．Indifferent．
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Genetic Diversity Decline Threatens Species Survival
B．Two-thirds of Species Gain Genetic Diversity
C．Florida Panthers Recover Through Relocation
D．Habitat Reconnection Harms Genetic Health
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南名校联考)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park，which was a seaside area in Karachi．There，I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons (鸽子)．The birds，usually around 10 to 15 in 2 ，would gather around her before she even had a 3 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag．It was the same each day，part of her 4 ．
I found that 5 her perform this ordinary task with such 6 was both calming and beautiful．
On this particular evening，the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds．But，as she 8 the bench (长凳) to sit down，her necklace (项链) fell to the ground．
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set．Noticing that，I 9 to get it back for her． 10 ，before I reached it，one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace， 12 to the bench，and dropped it on her lap．
I couldn't 13 my eyes．The old lady，also 14 ，began laughing quietly to herself．I was 15 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset．
1．A．feeding B．pursuing
C．training D．collecting
2．A．age B．size
C．weight D．number
3．A．wish B．chance
C．plan D．reason
4．A．job B．project
C．routine D．dream
5．A．watching B．helping
C．making D．hearing
6．A．confidence B．enthusiasm
C．flexibility D．precision
7．A．original B．parking
C．hiding D．usual
8．A．repaired B．approached
C．shared D．supported
9．A．slipped in B．ran away
C．got up D．turned around
10．A．However B．Afterwards
C．Gradually D．Fortunately
11．A．sea B．tree
C．pair D．group
12．A．walked B．stuck
C．pointed D．flew
13．A．lift B．cover
C．believe D．close
14．A．satisfied B．surprised
C．annoyed D．frightened
15．A．caught B．hit
C．left D．met
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·浙江省新阵地教育联盟联考)
The Atbai Desert，a part of the Sahara Desert，is one of the 1．____________ (dry) places on Earth，with a sandy and barren landscape that averages almost zero millimeters of rainfall each year．So，archaeologists were surprised when they discovered rock art showing boats and cattle in an area 2．____________ is 60 miles away from the closest body of water．
“It was surprising to find cattle 3．____________ (carve) on desert rock walls as they require plenty of water and wide-open grassland，and would not survive in Sahara today，” said Julien Cooper，an archaeologist from Macquarie University．“The discovery of boat 4．____________ (image) in the rock art this distant from lakes and rivers was also surprising．”
Archaeologists believe the discovery provides clear evidence supporting the theory of 5．________ once “Green Sahara” around 3，000 B．C．E．During this period，the area was a grassy plain with lakes and rivers 6．____________ (sustain) a variety of wildlife and human activities such as cattle herding．However，changes in African monsoon(季风)patterns transformed the Sahara 7．____________ the barren desert we see today．8．____________ (current)，only hardy animals like camels and goats can survive there．
The rock art's detailed carvings suggest that the creators spent plenty of time in the area further indicating that the region 9．____________ (be) once supportive of human life．As the climate grew unforgiving，many residents were forced to migrate closer to the Nile，contributing to the formation of early urban states and culture in Egypt and Nubia．The discovery offers valuable insight into the changes that 10．____________ (occur) in the Sahara over the past thousands of years．题型组合练(十八)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过标签设备追踪了蝙蝠的迁徙，发现了一些有关蝙蝠迁徙的重要现象，这些发现可以帮助未来对蝙蝠的保护工作。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句可知，与需要近距离才能获取数据的传统追踪器不同，本次研究使用的设备能将传感器读数转换成12字节的消息并实现远程网络传输，允许从欧洲任何地方进行实时监控，即它允许远程监控，这与D选项相符合。故选D。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，研究人员曾假设蝙蝠是在遵循一条统一的路径进行迁徙，但后来发现他们只是总体上向东北行进但小范围内四处移动，即蝙蝠遵循共同路线迁徙的假设是错误的，C选项符合题意。故选C。]
3．C　[推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知，蝙蝠集体出发是为了利用温暖的顺风朝着风暴前缘迁移，可以推断这一行为可以节省体力，C选项正确。故选C。]
4．A　[推理判断题。最后一段第一句说到在此研究之前蝙蝠的迁徙对人们来说是未知的，其二、三句说到本次研究可以帮助形成预判蝙蝠迁徙的系统，由此可以推断“open that black box”重点强调的是持续研究蝙蝠迁徙从而挖掘更多未知，A选项与文意相符。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕动植物种群遗传多样性下降这一现象展开：研究表明三分之二的动植物种群遗传多样性在减少，不少非濒危物种也是如此，种群碎片化导致基因混合减少，使物种易受威胁。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The greatest losses in genetic variation were seen in birds and mammals．”可知，研究人员发现鸟类和哺乳动物的遗传多样性损失最大。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，由于高速公路和城市扩张，佛罗里达美洲狮的栖息地减少，种群变得孤立，出现近亲繁殖等问题。而生物学家从得克萨斯州引进了八只雌性美洲狮到佛罗里达，这一行为本质上是在连接孤立的种群，即将得克萨斯州美洲狮与佛罗里达当地的美洲狮种群联系起来。]
7．A　[观点态度题。文章通过佛罗里达美洲狮的案例和引用专家观点(如“解决方案是重新连接种群”)明确了保护行动的必要性和有效性。因此，可推断出作者对恢复基因多样性持支持态度。]
8．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕动物和植物种群遗传多样性下降这一现象展开，阐述了遗传多样性下降使物种更难适应环境变化、更易受威胁并且通过佛罗里达美洲狮的例子说明了保持遗传多样性对物种生存的重要性。因此，“遗传多样性下降威胁到物种的生存”为最佳标题。]
Ⅱ．1－5　ADBCA　6－10　BDBCA　11－15　DDCBC
Ⅲ．1．driest　2．that/which　3．carved　4．images　5．a
6．sustaining　7．into　8．Currently　9．was　10．have occurred

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