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题型组合练(十九)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Daniel Parisi将西班牙潘普洛纳的奔牛节活动当作自然实验场景，观察人们在危险中是如何表现的，以启示建筑设计师。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr Parisi and his team．．．the animals were released．”可知，2019年7月，Parisi博士和他的团队前往潘普洛纳的两处不同的屋顶，拍摄了动物被放出时奔跑者的表现。由此可知，Parisi博士和他的团队记录了奔牛活动中的奔跑者，故选A项。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up”可知，令人想不到的是，研究发现，奔跑者的速度随着人群密度的增加而加快。由此可知，研究中让人意外的发现是在高密度人群中，人们往往会加速，故选D项。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The responsibility therefore．．．make them broad enough．”可知，城市设计师的责任在于研究如何最好地规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制人流量的通道的建设，唯一的选择可能是使它们变得足够宽阔。由此可推知，未来的隧道和桥梁很可能会更宽，故选B项。]
4．D　[标题归纳题。浏览全文，尤其是文章第一段和最后一段的内容可知，本文通过奔牛节活动来引出话题，并将此作为观察人们在危险中如何表现的自然实验场景，以便在城市建筑设计师规划未来隧道、桥梁和其他限制人流量的通道时给出启示。故本文的最佳标题是D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了气象学家Margaret Orr在飓风艾达来袭期间坚守岗位，为民众提供专业且鼓舞人心的天气解读，赢得广泛尊重。尽管家乡常受自然灾害侵袭，她依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地。
5．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．’ She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm ‘Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，’ she said．‘The high pressure moves off to the east and pushes the storm system our way．’”可知，Orr首先表示阳光象征希望，然后用专业气象术语解释现象，她的解释既饱含鼓励，又很专业。故选C。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，‘I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．’In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．”可知，Orr认为家里没有互联网是一种“困难”，是因为她无法回答别人的问题。故选B。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather．”和“She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．‘I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，’ she said．”可知，童年时在飓风眼中望向天空见繁星的经历激发了Orr对天气的迷恋。故选C。]
8．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管新奥尔良常受自然灾害侵袭，Orr依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地，承载着她深厚的情感归属。由此推知，作者想表达的是，情感依恋是把人们与家乡联系在一起的东西。故选D。]
Ⅱ．1－5　ACDBB　6－10　ACADD　11－15　BCACD
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2023年，夏威夷毛伊岛拉海纳镇野火肆虐。随后夏威夷大学马诺阿分校组建小组，作者带队针对野火对沿海水质及污染物的影响展开研究。经不懈努力，团队取得显著成果，获得了各方赞誉。
1．D　[此空设于段中，与上文存在着解释关系。上一句提到“夏威夷大学马诺阿分校开始组建一个应对小组”，D项“目的在于聚焦火灾对海洋的影响”正好是对此小组的进一步解释。]
2．G　[此空设于段中，与上文存在因果关系。上一句说到“我们也有点担心”，这正好与G项 “原因是我们之前没有经历过发生在珊瑚礁附近的城市野火”形成因果关系。 ]
3．B　[此空设于段首，是此段的主题句。此句后面的“它们装有复杂的电子传感器，这些传感器连续数月，每 10 秒测量一次水的温度、压力，以及水中氧气含量、酸碱度和清澈度”正好是对此工作的详细解释。]
4．F　[此空设于段尾，与上文存在着解释关系。上一句提到“自火灾发生以来，我们可能担心的那些物质的浓度已经下降了”，F项“或许这些污染物被掩埋了，或者被冲进了大海”正好是对此的进一步解释。]
5．C　[此空设于段中，与上文存在因果关系。上面两句说到“我们的研究取得了显著成果。我们发现了野火相关的污染物与珊瑚礁之间此前未知的联系”，C项“我们的工作获得了广泛赞誉”正好是结果。]题型组合练(十九)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽芜湖期末)
Every year thousands of people come to the city of Pamplona，in north-eastern Spain，for the opportunity to run for their lives as six fighting bulls are released to charge through the town．There are injuries and deaths every year，but the event is of interest to many people．A paper just published in Science describes the insight the event offers into the psychology of panicked crowds．
That is a useful topic to explore．Architects，civil engineers and urban planners must try to work out how people will behave in the event of a disaster like a fire，a flood or a terrorist attack so they can design their creations to avoid potentially deadly collisions(碰撞)．Unfortunately，solid information is hard to come by．Daniel Parisi，the paper's lead author，realized that the Pamplona bull running offered the perfect natural experiment．
Dr Parisi and his team went to two different rooftop locations in Pamplona in July 2019，and filmed the runners as the animals were released．Later in the lab，they calculated the speed of the runners，the density (密度) of the crowd，the probability of a runner tripping and falling and the relationship between runner-group density and speed．
Perhaps unsurprisingly，the researchers found that runners picked up speed when the bulls drew near．Less expected was the finding that the speed of individual runners increased with the density of the crowd going up，which was contrary to a long-held assumption in architectural and urban-design circles that people will slow their pace as group density goes up，in order to lower the risk of a collision，which could lead to a fall and，perhaps，injury or death．
Yet it seems that，in the heat of the moment，people pay little attention to the danger of colliding with each other，and do not slow down．The responsibility therefore falls upon urban designers to work out how best to plan the construction of future tunnels，bridges and other passages that restrict flow．The only option may well be to make them broad enough．
1．What did Dr Parisi and his team do in Pamplona
A．They recorded runners in a bull-run event．
B．They proved their theory．
C．They watched a thrilling bullfight．
D．They designed a psychological experiment．
2．What was the unexpected finding in the study
A．People slowed down in crowded areas．
B．Collisions posed a danger to bull-runners．
C．Bulls' coming near made people run faster．
D．People tended to speed up in high-density crowds．
3．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．People lose their minds in disasters．
B．Future tunnels and bridges may be wider．
C．Panicked crowds are aware of the danger of collisions．
D．Restricting flow helps to prevent people colliding with each other．
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．How the Crowds React to Panic
B．Bull Running Catches on in Spain
C．Dr Parisi's Finding Shocks the World
D．What Architects Can Learn from Bull Running
B
(2026·江苏苏州模拟)
Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall，the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to some of her fans on the Internet．Orr，who has been reporting the weather for forty-two years，is regarded by many residents as a prophet (预言家)．Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm． “And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．” She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm “Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，” she said．“The high-pressure moves off to the east and pushes the storm system our way．”
Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station，but Orr preferred to go home，where she had running water but no electricity．She could handle not having an air conditioner．The trick，she said，was to take a cold shower．Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，“I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．” In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．Orr tried to respond to everyone．This dedication earned her great respect from the residents．
Orr has always been fascinated by the weather．In 1965，when she was twelve years old，the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family's house in New Orleans．She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．“I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，” she said．
“Bad weather happens everywhere，” she said．“Every now and then，you'll see people saying，why do you live there Well，I live here because it's my home．This is where I grew up．This is the place I love．” She went on，“After Hurricane Katrina，I thought，could I live anywhere else And I decided，no，I couldn't．” She added，“As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl，‘I even love the dirt．’”
5．Orr's explanation about sunshine before a storm can be described as ________．
A．poetic but abstract
B．scientific but tricky
C．encouraging and professional
D．strange and inaccurate
6．Why did Orr find the lack of the Internet at home a “hardship”？
A．She couldn't access weather data for forecasts．
B．She was unable to respond to people's questions．
C．She needed online resources for air conditioners．
D．She missed watching news about the hurricane．
7．What childhood experience sparked Orr's fascination with weather
A．Watching weather reports on television．
B．Reading books about hurricanes at school．
C．Seeing the stars in the eye of Hurricane Betsy．
D．Helping neighbors rebuild after Hurricane Betsy．
8．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph
A．Natural disasters are a common threat all over the world．
B．People online don't understand her deep love for her home．
C．She decided to stay mainly because of her daughter's opinion．
D．Emotional attachment is what ties people to their hometown．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江西九江模拟)
On May 12th，2008，an 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck Wenchuan County．Li Qiang，then a high school student，was in physics class．The school building collapsed， 1 him in the ruins．Li was later rescued，but his legs，severely injured，had to be 2 ．
For months，Li sank into deep 3 and closed himself off．Feeling 4 about the future and his parents' aging，Li made a difficult but life-changing 5 ： he would learn to live with his artificial legs．
The process of recovery was extremely 6 ，but with dogged determination，Li gradually 7 the ability to walk．He then returned to school and got admitted into university．After graduation，he worked at an educational institution．
Outside of work，Li often 8 videos about his life with artificial legs online．People facing similar struggles 9 his story，and many shared their mental and physical challenges during recovery．It 10 Li to see them stuck in homes due to limited mobility and fear of people's 11 ．
Therefore，Li decided to make a 12 in helping those in need．He worked as a therapist (治疗专家) to help disabled people find 13 artificial legs and train them to walk freely again．
“I hope that one day when we walk down the street with artificial legs，we are treated as 14 as those with glasses，” said Li，“I'll help more disabled people to move about independently and enjoy life in the way they 15 ．”
1．A．trapping　　　　　 B．risking
C．pounding D．shaking
2．A．examined B．wrapped
C．removed D．fixed
3．A．regret B．loneliness
C．shock D．depression
4．A．particular B．concerned
C．cautious D．ignorant
5．A．request B．decision
C．agreement D．investment
6．A．tough B．boring
C．complex D．strict
7．A．researched B．reviewed
C．regained D．remembered
8．A．posted B．downloaded
C．watched D．commented
9．A．relied on B．referred to
C．made up D．related to
10．A．confused B．annoyed
C．surprised D．pained
11．A．expectation B．judgment
C．complaint D．requirement
12．A．donation B．fortune
C．career D．mark
13．A．suitable B．delicate
C．appealing D．permanent
14．A．mindfully B．seriously
C．equally D．patiently
15．A．control B．design
C．change D．deserve
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖南雅礼中学模拟)
In 2023，a wildfire destroyed the coastal town of Lahaina on the Hawaiian island of Maui．Within days，the University of Hawaii at Manoa began setting up a response group． 1 I led the work related to coastal water quality，because I was already working with the island's community to understand the stresses that can affect coral-reef health．
We formed a team and started to work out what we needed to begin sampling and we also felt a bit worried． 2 Our team sampled at various sites across the coastline—including nine within the burn-zone area—focusing on everything that we thought might stress the ocean that could result from an urban fire．We looked at nutrients，organic contaminants (污染物) and microorganisms．
3 They held complex electronic sensors that measure the water's temperature and pressure，as well as its oxygen，pH levels and clarity，every 10 seconds for months and months．
We've measured high levels of some metals，particularly near the harbour．But those concentrations have been declining since the fire，so we think they were associated mostly with the burning of boats and harbour buildings．The concentrations of things that we might worry about have gone down since the fire． 4
Our research has achieved remarkable results．We've identified previously unknown relations between wildfire-related pollutants and coral reefs． 5 These findings have not only filled significant gaps in scientific knowledge，but also provided practical insights for conservation strategies．Our community and our culture are so heavily connected to the ocean．
A．It's a hard but meaningful job．
B．I often checked our sensing stations．
C．Our work has received widespread praise．
D．The purpose is to focus on the fire's impacts on the sea．
E．We contributed to the protection of Hawaii's coral reefs．
F．Perhaps these contaminants were buried or washed into the ocean．
G．The reason is that we hadn't experienced an urban wildfire near a reef．

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