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题型组合练(二十三)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家近年来关于乌鸦交流、解决问题、记忆和使用工具能力的惊人发现，以及这些发现如何改变科学家对智力的理解，并对进化论提出了质疑。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知，研究人员发现乌鸦拥有惊人的智力。故选B。]
2．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，新喀里多尼亚乌鸦的独特之处在于其制造工具的能力，无论是在野外还是实验室环境中，它们都能将树枝或金属丝制成钩子获取食物。故选A。]
3．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在段落“尽管有这些发现，但乌鸦没有像人类和其他哺乳动物那样的前额叶皮层(大脑中的一个区域)，却能够进行高级思维，这一问题在很大程度上……‘而这正是我们下一步要试图解开的谜团，’该研究的一位研究人员说。”可知，乌鸦没有前额叶皮层却能进行高级思维，而这是团队需要解开的谜团。由此可知，该问题目前尚未明确。选项B “undetermined”意为“未确定的”与此相符。故选B。]
4．C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可推测，乌鸦神经元能像人类神经元一样进行主观感知。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于笑声分类的心理学研究。研究还探讨了这两种笑声的进化意义，并推测挠痒痒的笑声可能有助于灵长类动物建立社交联系。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Kamiloglu 博士关于笑声研究的主要结论是笑声从根本上主要由两种不同类型组成。故选C。]
6．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，研究人员通过分析网上有笑声的视频来收集研究数据。故选B。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，算法更容易识别挠痒痒引发的笑声。选项 C “被兄弟挠痒痒后发笑”这种挠痒痒引发的笑更容易被算法识别，故选C。]
8．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“如果挠痒痒引发的笑真的是为了让灵长类团结在一起而进化出来的，它应该特别具有感染力——但还没有人测试过它是否如此”可知，挠痒痒引发的笑的感染力在科学上尚未得到证实。故选B。]
Ⅱ．1－5　CBADC　6－10　BACAD　11－15　BCDBD
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学院新当选院士在证书颁发仪式后的相关情况，包括院士们的承诺、对科研精神的看法以及对女性科学家作用的认识等内容。
1．A　[下文说的是他们旨在通过鼓励年轻一代和提升女科学家的角色为国家的科研发展做出更大的贡献，可推理出空白处为过渡句，引出新当选院士们在仪式上有相关的举动或者表态，与A项“这59名新当选的院士在仪式上宣誓”表达的含义一致。故选A项。]
2．D　[根据上文“黄三文院士对自己做出了三个承诺——为科研贡献自己的力量，将自己的成果应用于各个领域，为年轻人提供更多的机会”可知，此处与D项“作为院士，我们需要和年轻一代分享更多的机会”表达的含义一致。故选D项。]
3．G　[根据上文“简志敏院士认为坚持是科研道路上最有价值的精神”可知，此处说的是坚持是科研道路上最有价值的精神，与G项“为了在科学领域取得成功，最重要的事情是坚持初心”表达的含义一致。故选G项。]
4．C　[根据上文“金奎娟院士提到女性有独特的视角，尊重女性的角色至关重要”可知，金奎娟院士提到女性有独特的视角，可推理出此处围绕女性科学家的作用展开，与C项“她们可能更有韧性，这有助于科学的发展”表达的含义一致。故选C项。]
5．E　[下文说的是自然科学基金等机构考虑到女性生育和照顾孩子所需要的时间和精力，已经放宽了年龄限制，可推理出此处在说对女性科学家的支持，与E项“近年来，金注意到中国对女性科学家的支持在增加”表达的含义一致。故选E项。]题型组合练(二十三)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·河南洛阳模拟)
Researchers have made surprising discoveries in recent years about a crow's (乌鸦的) ability to communicate，solve problems，remember people and use tools．What they're discovering about crow brains is changing how scientists understand intelligence—and bringing into question our accepted version of evolution (进化)．
A study demonstrated for the first time that carrion crows have “sensory consciousness”—a level of thinking previously thought to be limited to humans and other primates．New Caledonian crows are smart enough to create their own tools—in the wild and the lab—by shaping one end of a stick or wire into a hook (钩子) to get food beyond their reach．In 2024，researchers in Germany taught crows to count out loud，using vocalizations to correspond with numbers．
Despite these discoveries，the question of how crows，which do not have a prefrontal cortex (a region in the brain) like humans and other mammals，are capable of high-level thinking，is largely obscure．“And that is what we will try to find next，” says a researcher of the study．
Crows' awareness and intention used to be something about which scientists could only reason．Now，researchers like Marzluff can measure and plot the brain activity of crows to better understand how they process information and make decisions．
Marzluff and his team at the University of Washington were the first to look at crow brains during experiments using a PET scan，a noninvasive technology that uses a radioactive tracer to detect which parts of a brain are active at a given moment．
You may recall Marzluff's findings that crows recognize humans and remember their faces．As part of that study，researchers looked at what parts of the crow brain were activated when they encountered people wearing the “caveman” masks scientists wore when capturing the crows，versus the “caring” masks worn by researchers who fed and cared for the crows during their captivity．
“The neurons (神经元) that have been found in humans and monkeys，and those now found in crows，are behaving exactly the same way，” he said．“They're switching their activity，not as a function of the visual input，but as a function of the subjective perception of the organism．”
1．What have the researchers discovered about crows recently
A．They evolve in a special way．
B．They possess amazing intelligence．
C．They feature simple brain structures．
D．They have better memory than humans．
2．What distinguishes New Caledonian crows according to the text
A．Their talent for tool-making．
B．Their unique way of communication．
C．Their capability of counting out loud．
D．Their adaptability to different circumstances．
3．What does the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Obvious．　　　　 B．Undetermined．
C．Unaffected． D．Predictable．
4．What does Marzluff's research imply about crow neurons
A．They are structurally simpler and less efficient．
B．They are totally irrelevant to facial recognition tasks．
C．They can perceive subjectively like human neurons．
D．They can be only activated in response to visual inputs．
B
(2026·湖南长沙模拟)
Novelists describing amusement are laughing all the way to the bank．Depending on context，characters can crack a smile，roar with laughter or smile through tears．This richness of language may suggest to some that laughter，itself，is a phenomenon of endless variations，one that lends itself to limitless subcategorisation．
New work led by Roza Kamiloglu，a psychologist at the Free University of Amsterdam，provides evidence that there are just two primary types of laughter：one generated when people find something funny and one caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒)．
The work started with the serious business of laugh collection．Dr Kamiloglu instructed research assistants to search YouTube，a video platform for footage featuring spontaneous laughter，and they collected a total of 887 videos that were then categorised based on the comic incidents included．Roughly 70% of these videos were then used to train a laughter-categorising machine-learning algorithm (算法) to connect different forms of laughter with the activities that caused them．The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30%．After a quick listen，Dr Kamiloglu and her colleagues thought the different laughs would be too varied for any connections to be made．However，the algorithm disagreed．
Based on loudness，rhythm and changes in frequency of the sounds，their findings suggested there was something unique about the post-tickling laugh，which showed distinctive patterns (62.5% identifiable) vs humor-related laughter，pointing scientists towards the evolutionary (进化的) roots of laughter．After all，many mammals including dogs，monkeys，and chimpanzees produce sounds remarkably like laughter．Humans are not the only animals that tickle either．Chimpanzees engage in the activity too．
All this suggests that laughter from tickling evolved over 10 million years ago with the common ancestor that humans shared with these other primates．Dr Kamiloglu suspects that this early sort of laughter probably evolved to help primates build friendly relations，especially during play．With this in mind，she is now keen to study how infectious different sorts of laughs are．If the tickling laugh is one that truly evolved to bring primates together，it ought to be particularly infectious—but nobody has yet tested if it is．But he who laughs last，it would seem，laughs longest．
5．What is the main conclusion of Dr Kamiloglu's study on laughter
A．Laughter cannot be scientifically categorized．
B．Laughter generated by tickling is exclusive to humans．
C．Laughter fundamentally consists of just two distinct types．
D．Laughter can be divided into countless types based on context．
6．How did researchers collect data for the study
A．By conducting interviews with professionals．
B．By analyzing online videos featuring laughter．
C．By recording laughter in laboratory experiments．
D．By observing babies' laughter in controlled settings．
7．Which of the following would be easier for the algorithm to identify
A．Viewing stand-up comedy．
B．Laughing at a friend's silly face．
C．Laughing after being tickled by a brother．
D．Watching someone pour salt into their tea．
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The tickling laugh evolves alongside human language development．
B．The infectiousness of the tickling laugh remains scientifically unproved．
C．Evolutionary functions of the tickling laugh include boosting confidence．
D．Chimpanzees' tickling behavior challenges laughter's social bonding function．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·湖南株洲模拟)
In the northern part of Chile，a small village named Chungungo lay between the Pacific Ocean and the Atacama Desert．This area was known for its heavy fog，which 1 the land in lasting dim (暗淡的) light but gave no help to the dry ground，leaving the village 2 ．
One day，a Canadian scientist named Robert，on a worldwide research trip，found this desolate landscape．To his surprise，he saw many spider webs，showing that spiders lived 3 in this tough environment．Interested，Robert _ 4 the webs under a microscope and found their strong water-collecting 5 ，which let them get moisture (水分) from the fog．It gave him a great idea．
“What if people could 6 the fog like the spiders' webs？” he wondered．With the help of the Chilean government，Robert created a(n) 7 material net made to harvest fog in thick areas．He built rows of these nets，making a web-shaped 8 that harvested the fog．
The result was 9 ．As the fog passed through the nets，it 10 water drops，which fell into pipes under the nets for 11 and cleaning，and then providing fresh water．This creative solution 12 Chungungo，turning the dead land into a lively environment．
Robert's discovery not only 13 the water shortage issue but also showed the importance of 14 and adaptation．It proved that nature holds answers for 15 ，and with clever thinking，humans can find these secrets to make their world better．
1．A．preserved　　　　 B．decorated
C．covered D．blocked
2．A．useless B．lifeless
C．homeless D．endless
3．A．well B．deep
C．fast D．hard
4．A．designed B．organized
C．carved D．examined
5．A．potential B．custom
C．ability D．category
6．A．digest B．collect
C．borrow D．simplify
7．A．artificial B．natural
C．organic D．widespread
8．A．society B．principle
C．system D．occupation
9．A．surprising B．alarming
C．puzzling D．disappointing
10．A．picked up B．took on
C．gave away D．turned into
11．A．saving B．gathering
C．training D．travelling
12．A．generated B．investigated
C．changed D．praised
13．A．discovered B．followed
C．analysed D．solved
14．A．direction B．innovation
C．unity D．courage
15．A．ambition B．progress
C．dimension D．living
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·湖南衡阳联考)
New academicians took a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences． 1 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation's scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists．
Academician Huang Sanwen made three commitments to himself—to contribute his energy to scientific research，to apply his achievements in the fields，and to provide more opportunities for young people．“ 2 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities，we can foster a diverse scientific community with heated debates，” he said．
Academician Jian Zhimin thought that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research．“ 3 Determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research，” he said．
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians，five of them are female scientists．Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives，and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance． 4
5 For example，she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund had relaxed their age restrictions，taking account of the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare．
A．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony．
B．She has both male and female students，who are irreplaceable to each other．
C．They may be more resilient，which contributes to the development of science．
D．As academicians，we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation．
E．In recent years，Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China．
F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics．
G．To achieve success in the field of science，the most important thing is to persist with the original intention．

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