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题型组合练(二十四)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍头发变白的科学原理，包括黑色素细胞的作用、衰老对色素生成的影响，以及法国科学家对预防头发变白的研究。
1．A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段“头发因为压力而变白的说法只不过是……。虽然压力确实对你不好，但它还不会让你马上变成白发苍苍的人”可知，作者认为“压力导致头发变白”的说法不正确，由此可推测，画线短语“an old wives' tale”意为“错误的观念”符合语境。故选A项。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“黑色素有两种不同类型：真黑色素和类黑色素。前者产生黑色和棕色色素，后者产生红色和黄色色素。这些色素的确切含量决定了一个人是黑发、棕发、金发还是红发”可知，红发的颜色由类黑色素(产生红色色素)决定，说明红发中类黑色素的含量多于真黑色素。故选B项。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据尾段中的“法国的一组科学家正在努力阻止黑色素细胞在每个头发生长周期结束时受到损伤。他们试图使用一种特殊的酶来保护细胞免受损伤”可知，法国科学家的目标是保护头发细胞(黑色素细胞)免受损伤。故选B项。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“事实上，答案来自你头发中的细胞。正是这些细胞决定了头发的颜色，并最终决定了头发是否会变白”及第五段中的“随着年龄的增长，黑色素细胞产生更多色素的能力会减弱”可知，头发生长和颜色变化依赖于头发中的细胞(如黑色素细胞)。故选D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。这将是首次实现从火星带回土壤样本，能够帮助科学家研究火星生命迹象、地质结构和大气循环。文章还解释了这一任务所面临的挑战。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“China is likely．．．to bring Martian soil back to Earth．．．The nation plans to collect Martian samples．．．Tianwen 3．”可知，天问三号的主要任务是收集火星土壤样本，并将其带回地球。故选B项。]
6．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars”可知，到目前为止没有任何人试图把火星土壤样本带回地球。第四段的“that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants”提出了这一任务面临的第一个问题，即飞行器必须要足够大能装得下发动机和推进剂。第五段的“landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging”介绍了让一个巨大的飞行器在火星表面安全着陆非常具有挑战性。这是面临的第二个问题。再根据第六段的“a new challenge would follow．．．an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter flying around the planet to wait for samples”可知，即使飞行器能在火星表面安全着陆和起飞，这一任务还面临着新的挑战——如何引导它与轨道飞行器进行精确的对接。由此可知，从火星带回土壤样本是一个复杂的过程，画线词意为“复杂的”，complicated与其意思接近。故选D项。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据第七段内容可知，在我们的月球取样任务中，最复杂的部分是携带样本的飞行器与轨道飞行器的在轨对接。而且这样的操作至少有地面的遥控技术和其他的技术支持。相比之下，由于距离太远，在火星轨道上进行同样的过程几乎没有技术援助。由此可推知，在火星上取样最具有挑战性的部分是在轨对接。故选C项。]
8．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了中国计划通过天问三号任务在2030年前后将火星土壤样本带回地球。A项“中国计划将火星土壤带回地球”；B项“中国通过历史上重要的任务‘天问三号’带回了样本”；C项“将火星上的样本带回地球的复杂性”；D项“在火星轨道上发生的技术支持”。故选A项。]
Ⅱ．1－5　BACDB　6－10　ADCAB　11－15　DCABD
Ⅲ．1．getting　2．a　3．who/that　4．better　5．factors
6．specialize　7．from/against　8．influenced　9．to pursue
10．have farmed题型组合练(二十四)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·上海奉贤区模拟)
The fact that your hair turns grey because of stress is nothing more than an old wives'tale．It's true that stress isn't good for you，but it's not going to turn you into a silver fox just yet．In fact，the answer comes from the cells in your hair．These are what determine the color and，eventually，the fade to grey．
Most of you start to notice your first grey hairs by the time you hit your thirties．A general rule to go by is that by the age of 50，half of the population will have lost the color in 50 per cent of their hair．
But why does it happen Firstly，you need to understand how hair gets its color．
Your hair is made up of cells called melanocytes (黑色素细胞) which produce pigments (色素)as they grow into the hair fiber．There are two different types of melanins (黑色素)：eumelanins (真黑色素)and pheomelanins (类黑色素)．The former produces black and brown pigments，while the latter produces red and yellow pigments．The exact amount of these pigments determines whether a person has black，brown，blonde or red hair．
As you age，the ability of the melanocytes to produce more pigments weakens．That is because your hair grows in different phases．
The growing phase lasts between three and five years，after which your follicles (毛囊) turn off for about three months to rest and get ready to grow more hairs．This goes round and round and，after a time，your bodies aren't as good at producing new hairs．
Scientists are continuing to try and find ways to prevent greying hair．A team of scientists in France is working to try and stop the melanocytes from being damaged at the end of each hair cycle．They are trying to use a special enzyme (酶) to protect the cells from damage．If successful，it could lead the way for new products that keep your locks full of color for years to come．
1．What does the underlined phrase “an old wives' tale” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．An incorrect belief．
B．A useless talk．
C．A scientific rule．
D．A helpful experience．
2．What do we know about red hair
A．It doesn't turn grey as people get older．
B．It contains more pheomelanins than eumelanins．
C．The amount of pigments in it doesn't change over time．
D．People with red hair have a weaker ability to produce pigments．
3．What do the French scientists aim to do
A．To repair damaged hair follicles．
B．To protect hair cells against damage．
C．To shorten the hair cycle to protect the hair．
D．To study the relationship between health and hair color．
4．What can we infer from the article
A．Grey hair has nothing to do with stress．
B．Grey hair is a symbol of declining health．
C．It takes three months for new hair to grow．
D．The growth and color change of hair depend on cells．
B
China is likely to become the first country to bring Martian soil back to Earth in an ambitious science and engineering attempt．The nation plans to collect Martian samples and then bring them back to Earth around 2030 via a historic mission named Tianwen-3．
If everything goes according to plan，the samples could become the first to be returned to Earth from Mars，and will help scientists look for traces of life on Mars，learn more about the planet's geology(地质学)and inner structures，and understand its atmospheric cycles．
Yang Yuguang，a senior space industry observer and vice-chair of the International Astronautical Federation's Space Transportation Committee，said on Friday that no one has ever attempted to bring samples back from Mars because it would be an extremely sophisticated procedure．
“First，anyone who wishes to bring back Martian soil needs to take to the planet a craft which can lift off from the Martian surface to send samples to Martian orbit，and that means such a craft must be large enough to contain engines and propellants (推进剂)．”
“And landing a large craft safely on the Martian surface would be exceptionally challenging，considering the fact that landing on Mars is far more difficult than a lunar landing due to the complex atmosphere surrounding Mars，” he said．
Even if the craft could land on Mars and it could lift off，Yang said that a new challenge would follow—how to guide it to carry out an accurate meeting and docking with the orbiter(轨道飞行器)flying around the planet to wait for samples．
“In our lunar sample-return missions，the most complicated part was the in-orbit meeting and docking between the sample-carrying craft and the orbiter，and that operation at least had Earth-based telemetry (遥控技术) and other types of technical support．By comparison，there will be virtually no technical assistance in the same process taking place in Martian orbit due to the very long distance，” the expert explained．
5．What do we know about the Martian mission named Tianwen-3
A．It is the third space mission of China．
B．Its main goal is to bring Martian soil back to Earth．
C．The samples can help reveal the Earth's geology．
D．No country will bring samples back from Mars before it．
6．What does the underlined word “sophisticated” mean in paragraph 3
A．Experienced．　　　 B．Threatening．
C．Astonishing． D．Complicated．
7．According to the passage，which of the following about the mission is true
A．A large craft is needed to send samples to Earth．
B．Safe landing on Mars is difficult due to lack of air．
C．The in-orbit meeting and docking is the most challenging part．
D．Technical support is available to reduce its difficulty．
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．China Plans Mission to Bring Martian Soil Back to Earth
B．China Brought Samples Back via a Historic Mission “Tianwen-3”
C．The Complexity of Bringing Martian Samples Back to Earth
D．The Technical Support Taking Place in Martian Orbit
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·四川内江模拟)
Asli Samanci，a food scientist，was driven by her childhood dream of becoming a scientist，leading her to pursue a career in food science．“It 1 everything：biology，microbiology and chemistry all together，” Samanci said．
With this passion，she established a company that 2 health products made from propolis (蜂胶)，a natural substance produced by bees．Samanci's dedication to 3 is evident in every step of her product development process．“All products are 4 by science，” Samanci said．
The 5 behind Samanci's venture also lies in her son，who experienced frequent health issues during his early years．Upon a doctor's recommendation，she 6 propolis as a means to help strengthen her son's immune system．However，not 7 with the products on the market，Samanci worked 8 with a beekeeper to craft the ideal solution for her son's needs．Gradually，Samanci has made her specialized products 9 to a broader range of consumers．
Meanwhile，Samanci and her beekeeping partners have witnessed a significant 10 in the bee population．Since 80% of all plants rely on bees for pollination(授粉)，this development has proved to contribute to 11 nature．Samanci firmly believes in the concept of a win-win business model，where 12 can make a positive impact on the environment．And she urges all entrepreneurs and scientists to find that 13 ．Samanci says，“To get something from nature in a(n) 14 way，we urge more food scientists and agricultural scientists to join us． 15 ，nature will not give us anymore．”
1．A．accomplishes　　　 B．combines
C．processes D．maintains
2．A．concentrated on B．brought about
C．held back D．put off
3．A．purchase B．delivery
C．quality D．service
4．A．limited B．denied
C．revealed D．backed
5．A．regulation B．inspiration
C．sample D．mystery
6．A．explored B．exported
C．refused D．permitted
7．A．patient B．consistent
C．cautious D．content
8．A．equally B．violently
C．directly D．temporarily
9．A．accessible B．similar
C．responsible D．essential
10．A．damage B．rise
C．change D．loss
11．A．conquering B．discovering
C．impressing D．preserving
12．A．scientists B．beekeepers
C．entrepreneurs D．consumers
13．A．balance B．opportunity
C．fault D．reason
14．A．extraordinary B．sustainable
C．lively D．easy
15．A．Altogether B．Anyhow
C．Moreover D．Otherwise
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·广东深圳模拟)
Andrea Carter was about 10 years old when she realized she wanted to devote her life to growing food．Growing up in Bethesda，Maryland with a few nearby farms，Carter spent many hours 1．________ (get) her hands dirty in a neighbor's fields．“There wasn't much to do except weed tomatoes and pull kale，” she told Your Hot Job．“Looking back，it was 2．____________ gift to be exposed to the outdoors，to farming，to where food comes from．”
Today，Carter is an agronomist，a scientist 3．____________ studies how plants grow．Agronomists，also known as crop scientists，use that knowledge to help farmers produce much 4．____________ (good) crops in larger quantities．Because there are many 5．____________ (factor) involved in plant growth，agronomists usually have a specific focus．For example，some 6．____________ (special) in soil management，which involves keeping the soil healthy enough to grow plants．Others become experts on controlling weeds or protecting crops 7．__________ insects and diseases．
Carter focuses on desert plants，a choice 8．____________ (influence) by her childhood：Carter's mom is from North Africa，and the family spent time in Tunisia，a country with vast stretches of desert．That led Carter 9．____________ (pursue) a PhD in plant science at the University of Arizona，in Tucson．The city is in the Sonoran Desert，where plants survive with minimal rain．“I came out to Arizona to learn about how people 10．____________ (farm) in this dry landscape for thousands of years，” Carter says．

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