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题型组合练(三十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。
1．B　[推理判断题。第一段提到“莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写了两个人物握手并发誓成为兄弟”和“在一个古代遗址中有两个人物在握手”，作者通过这两个例子证明“Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．”。故选B。]
2．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Historians．．．have noted that the modern handshake did not appear．．．it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．”可知，研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种略微不恰当的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。再由第三段中的“The early handshakes．．．making deals or peace．”可知，早期的握手是达成协议或和解的一部分。故选 C。]
3．B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，一位荷兰社会学家在名为《手势的文化史》这一anthology中的一个章节写道“More than in any other field．．．make the most of only a few clues．”，故画线词指的是这位荷兰社会学家所撰写的某一本书，故选B。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today”可推知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，是因为等级制度的影响越来越弱，故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曾经在澳大利亚发生的一场“人鸟大战”，并说明了事情的起因和经过。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．”可知，政府要向鸸鹋宣战是为了保护庄稼。故选B。]
6．A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，该鸟不会飞，没有使用空袭策略。故选A。]
7．D　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．”可知，来自公众的压力最终导致政府结束了战争。故选D。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．”可推知，士兵轻敌，未重视鸸鹋。故选C。]
Ⅱ．1－5　DBACB　6－10　DCADC　11－15　BBADC
Ⅲ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了黄旭华作为中国核潜艇先驱的一生及其贡献。
1．A　[根据上文“His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them．”可知，此处讲述了黄旭华童年时的天赋，所以A项是对上文的具体举例，符合文意。故选A。]
2．F　[根据上文“When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources．”可知，本段主要讲述了黄旭华受命开发中国第一代核潜艇时面临的困难，所以F项是对前文的详细举例，符合文意。故选F。]
3．C　[根据上文“The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory．”可知，本段讲述了因为保密需要，家人一直以为黄旭华做的是普通工作，所以C项符合本段主题。故选C。]
4．B　[根据下文“Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300 meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．”可知，黄旭华亲自登上潜艇测试，所以B项符合本段主题。故选B。]
5．G　[根据下文“His life's philosophy— ‘scientific rigor and patriotic devotion are inseparable’ —perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．”可知，本段讲述了黄旭华的人生哲理，所以G项符合本段主题，引出下文。故选G。]题型组合练(三十五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·安徽六安模拟)
A handshake seems to be a normal gesture．In fact，in the 9th century BC，an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser Ⅲ clearly shows two figures holding hands．Centuries later，Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It．Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots are lost to the sands of time．
Historians who have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) books have noted that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century，when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that should only be used between friends．But if Shakespeare was writing about handshaking hundreds of years earlier，what happened
According to author Torbj rn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye：Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World，the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake．The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace．Shakespeare was similarly referencing the settlement of a conflict．
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace．As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg—the chief authority for the history of handshaking—wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture，“More than in any other field，that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues．”
As the centuries progressed，handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical (等级制度的) ways of greeting－like bowing．Handshaking survived in a few remote places，like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements．Around the same time，those who valued equality also made use of handshaking．Then，as the Continent's hierarchy weakened，handshaking became common practice among people of the same rank，as it is today．
1．Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first paragraph
A．To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find．
B．To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom．
C．To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction．
D．To explain the value of handshaking in communication．
2．What can we learn about handshaking from the passage
A．The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace．
B．Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in the Netherlands．
C．It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement．
D．It is common practice between people of different social positions．
3．Which of the following is similar in meaning to the underlined word “anthology” in paragraph 4
A．The science of mental ability．
B．A collection of selected literary passages．
C．A daily written record of experiences．
D．All the living things of a particular region．
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage
A．The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands．
B．Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries．
C．Handshakes are now common between people of different positions．
D．Most Europeans prefer to shake hands owing to the weakening effect of rank．
B
Picture this：Australia，1932．Retired soldiers of World War Ⅰ were given land to farm，only to face their toughest enemy—giant，hungry birds!
After World War Ⅰ，the Australian government sought to settle over 5，000 soldiers as farmers in Western Australia．However，the region's poor soil and unpredictable rainfall made farming difficult．When a severe drought in 1932 drove nearly 20，000 hungry emus (鸸鹋) into the farmland，the birds—breaking fences and damaging the crops—became the final straw for the struggling farmers．
The government's response was quick and strange：it declared war...on the birds．What officials expected to be an easy victory turned into a surprising and odd event known as the “Emu War”．
Armed with machine guns，the soldiers didn't take their opponents seriously，assuming the flightless birds would be no match for bullets．Yet the effort quickly turned into chaos．In the first three days，the men killed only 30 emus as the birds demonstrated remarkable survival strategies．Instead of staying in large groups，the emus spread out，making them difficult to target．Military reports documented the birds' astonishing speed，which could reach up to 55 km/h across uneven ground．Most incredibly，witnesses observed what appeared to be cooperative behaviors，with some birds seemingly functioning as guards to warn the group of danger，enabling them to escape the gunfire．
After 45 days，the soldiers had killed only about 2，500 emus and used 10，000 bullets! Facing public criticism and growing calls for humane (人道的) treatment of the animals，the government was forced to withdraw its forces．
While the Emu War ended in military failure，it transformed these birds into national symbols of survival and adaptability．Today，the emu proudly appears on Australia's coat of arms，symbolizing nature's ultimate victory．
5．Why did the government declare war on emus
A．To train soldiers．　　 B．To protect crops．
C．To save the straw． D．To test new weapons．
6．Which strategy did the emus NOT use to survive the attack
A．Air attack． B．Lookout system．
C．Speed advantage． D．Flexible movements．
7．What ultimately caused the government to end the war
A．A shortage of bullets．
B．Success of the mission．
C．Mercy from the soldiers．
D．Pressure from the public．
8．How would the two sides describe the event
A．Emus：Birds of a feather flock together．
B．Emus：The best defense is a good offense．
C．Soldiers：Never underestimate your enemy．
D．Soldiers：The pen is mightier than the sword．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏扬州模拟)
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Spanish explorer and navigator (航海家)．He is known as the first European to visit and 1 the area that would become the state of California．
Nothing is definitively known about Cabrillo's 2 ，family，or early history．Although some claimed he was Portuguese， 3 historical research has established that he was from Spain．He received a good basic 4 when he was young，enabling him to work as a skilled navigator．
In June 1542，Cabrillo 5 a fleet out of a Mexican port and sailed north．His 6 was to map the coast of what is now California，which at the time was part of New Spain．And in late September，he 7 San Diego Bay，making the first European landfall in California．
The expedition (探险队) continued up the coast， 8 or visiting many places，including Santa Catalina Island，where they spent the winter．However，when a group of Cabrillo's men went onto the land，they were 9 by the Native Americans living there．Cabrillo went to their 10 ，but injured his leg 11 when jumping from the boat．Cabrillo 12 to the ship，where he died on January 3，1543，as a result of the 13 ．
Cabrillo's role as the first European explorer of California was 14 in 1913 with the establishment of the Cabrillo National Monument on Point Loma，where the Cabrillo Festival is held every September when actors play Cabrillo's 15 landing on the shores of San Diego Bay．
1．A．protect　　　　　　　 B．restore
C．finance D．document
2．A．work B．birthplace
C．appearance D．death
3．A．in-depth B．outdated
C．long-lost D．upcoming
4．A．service B．reputation
C．education D．allowance
5．A．saw B．led
C．stopped D．rescued
6．A．function B．suggestion
C．conclusion D．mission
7．A．destroyed B．polluted
C．entered D．rediscovered
8．A．sailing by B．thinking of
C．handing over D．taking back
9．A．admired B．guided
C．complained D．attacked
10．A．credit B．test
C．aid D．demand
11．A．occasionally B．severely
C．previously D．purposefully
12．A．contributed B．returned
C．responded D．pointed
13．A．wound B．disease
C．pressure D．effort
14．A．changed B．denied
C．doubted D．honored
15．A．frequent B．hesitant
C．historic D．strange
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·长沙雅礼中学模拟)
Huang Xuhua's legacy as China's nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity．His journey began in 1926，Guangdong，where his childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassemble complex devices and accurately reassemble them． 1 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University's naval architecture program，shaping his destiny．
When tasked in 1958 with developing China's first nuclear submarine，Huang faced great obstacles：zero foreign technical support and scarce resources． 2 Astonishingly，his team verified hull curvature (船体曲率) precision using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models．Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers．
The project's secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice．For three decades，Huang's family believed he worked at an ordinary factory． 3 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article，tearfully embracing her son who had prioritized national duty over family obligations．
4 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land，he insisted on boarding the submarine．This 300-meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China's naval strength．
In his 90s，Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations． 5 His life's philosophy—“scientific rigor (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable”—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival．
A．He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down．
B．Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test．
C．His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily．
D．Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years．
E．Critics argued traditional methods couldn't achieve millimeter precision．
F．Historical records showed 90% of technical solutions required original innovation．
G．He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility．

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