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题型组合练(三十八)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口语中的感叹词在对话中的重要作用，这些感叹词不仅不是无关紧要的噪音，反而可能是控制对话进程和协商相互理解的关键信号。
1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．”可推断，第一段中的“traffic signals”一词强调了感叹词在对话流程中的调控作用。故选C。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence”可知，当他们这样做时，他们观察到感叹词——即只是一两个词组成的简短话语，不属于更大的句子的一部分。由此可推断，感叹词在日常口语中是普遍存在的。故选A。]
3．A　[段落大意题。根据第三段可知，这些感叹词中的许多都是用来调节谈话的流畅性的。例如，说话人说“嗯”或“嗯”，表示他们要暂停，但还没有说完。另一方面，听者若迅速发出“嗯？”或“什么？”的疑问，则可能表明沟通出现障碍，说话者需要及时修复。在一项对全球31种语言的调查中，研究人员发现，所有语言都使用类似“啊？”作为补救信号，可能是因为它产生得很快。因此，第三段主要讲述的是感叹词的功能。故选A。]
4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mm hmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．”可推知，宜家家具的例子说明了在不同的语境下，听众对感叹词的理解会有所不同。故选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最初为谋生成为西班牙语老师，在与学生罗伯特的互动中，领悟到语言教学对跨文化交流和打破刻板印象的重要意义。
5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段“I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．”以及第二段中的“That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．”可知，作者下载语言应用程序是为了吸引学生、赚取额外收入。故选D项。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．”可知，罗伯特上课的目的是准确理解当地人的话语。故选C项。]
7．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．”可知，作者在课堂上讲解语言知识，学生分享生活，有问有答、互动频繁，且内容围绕实用的俚语和日常交流展开，因此“互动性强且实用”最能描述这堂课。故选B项。]
8．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．”可知，如今语言教师应该促进文化交流。故选C项。]
Ⅱ．1－5　CACBD　6－10　CBABB　11－15　DABAD
Ⅲ．1．using　2．to express　3．classics　4．known　5．who
6．founder　7．with　8．will remain　9．but　10．themselves题型组合练(三十八)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东省实验中学一模)
Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you'll notice that the speakers use a lot of little quasi-words—mm-hmm，um，huh and the like—that don't convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself．For many decades，linguists regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise．But these little words may be much more important than that．A few linguists now think that they may be crucial traffic signals to control the progression of conversation as well as tools to negotiate mutual understanding．
For most of the history of linguistics，scholars have tended to focus on written language，in large part because that's what they had records of．But once recordings of conversation became available，they could begin to analyze spoken language the same way as writing．When they did，they observed that interjections—that is，short utterances of just a word or two that are not part of a larger sentence—were ubiquitous in everyday speech．
Many of these interjections serve to regulate the flow of conversation．An um or uh from the speaker，for example，signals that they're about to pause，but aren't finished speaking．A quick “huh？” or “what？” from the listener，on the other hand，can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair．In a survey of 31 languages around the world，researchers found that all of them used a short，neutral syllable similar to “huh？” as a repair signal，probably because it's quick to produce．
Different interjections can send slightly different signals．Consider，for example，one person describing to another how to build a piece of IKEA furniture，says Allison Nguyen，a psycholinguist at Illinois State University．In such a conversation，mm-hmm might indicate that the speaker should continue explaining the current step，while yeah or OK would imply that the listener is done with that step and it's time to move on to the next．
1．The phrase “traffic signals” in paragraph 1 emphasizes interjections'________．
A．decorative role in conversation
B．rank-related function in grammar
C．regulatory power in dialogue flow
D．evolutionary origin in pronunciation
2．What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Universal．　　　 B．Complex．
C．Limited． D．Formal．
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The functions of interjections．
B．The signals' cultural differences．
C．Regulations in a conversation．
D．The global incidence of interjections．
4．What does the IKEA furniture example illustrate
A．Listeners use interjections to demonstrate authority．
B．Context decides interjections' interpretation difference．
C．Task-directed conversations require more interjections．
D．Speakers adapt interjections based on listeners' feedback．
B
(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)
I initially became a Spanish teacher not out of passion but necessity—like many in their twenties，stuck in a quarter-life crisis，trying to find a way to make some extra money．
That's how one morning I found myself downloading a language app，creating a profile，and recording an introduction video hoping to convince potential students to book a trial lesson with me．Despite watching tutorials (教程) online for only seven hours，I pretended to be a qualified teacher．
But on the other side，my first student，Robert—an American living in Medellin，Colombia—changed everything．He wasn't trying to master grammar or speak perfect textbook Spanish．He wanted to improve his fluency and learn the local paisa slang，so he could understand the people in the street stands，the bakery guy，and the lady selling coffee．
I remember our first class vividly．I explained the difference between a rolo，a caleno，and a samario，which led to discussions about regional accents，word meanings，and how everything changes depending on who says it and how．Robert also shared his life in Ohio，experiences in Latin America，and his relationship with food and people．
Our Spanish classes turned into a sort of cultural lab．In that back-and-forth of ideas，we unknowingly started building bridges．It hit me that teaching a language goes far beyond teaching grammar．It's about opening the door to a new world and inviting someone else to walk through it．
I now believe language teaching is a powerful tool for building bridges across cultures and for revealing stereotypes that divide us．In a globalized world，language teachers are perhaps agents of change and social transformation，sharing culture through lived experiences．
5．Why did the author download a language app
A．To book a trial lesson．
B．To watch tutorials online．
C．To learn a new language．
D．To earn additional income．
6．What is Robert's goal in taking the author's lesson
A．To speak perfect textbook Spanish．
B．To make friends living in Medellin．
C．To understand the locals accurately．
D．To acquire Spanish grammar rules．
7．Which of the following best describes the author's first class with Robert
A．Organized and vivid．
B．Interactive and practical．
C．Serious and formal．
D．Academic and inspiring．
8．What is a language teacher supposed to do at present
A．Strengthen stereotypes．
B．Evaluate unknown ideas．
C．Foster cultural exchanges．
D．Learn from experiences．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·湖北武汉模拟)
I once thought I would become fluent in French within three months．Yet after moving to Paris，I kept coasting，making minimal effort to 1 ．I essentially spoke English with my partner at home and 2 largely with other English-speaking migrants (移民)．
Then，one night，I 3 a volunteer-run bar by accident which aimed to bring the community from all walks of life together．Inspired，I volunteered to work some shifts there．
The first nights were 4 ．There were so many 5 I hadn't yet encountered：mouchoir (tissue)，torchon (tea towel)...When such items were 6 ，I'd run into the kitchen to “ 7 ” if we had them，putting the strange words into online dictionaries before rushing back out with my 8 ．One night，a customer asked for a paille (straw)．When I looked back 9 ，he began to signal what he was after，a(n) 10 making both of us laugh out loud．
Slowly，my 11 skills improved，and eventually I stopped 12 customers in the kitchen．I even organized a live show in the bar on a Wednesday night，walking home nursing a warm sense of 13 ．
It's been a long time since I've put in a 14 at the bar．Now I'm navigating (应对) French workplaces and community gardens．Neither of them would have been 15 without those nights spent behind the bar．
1．A．organize　　　　　　　 B．explain
C．integrate D．experience
2．A．socialized B．argued
C．competed D．experiment
3．A．set up B．searched for
C．came across D．cleaned up
4．A．comfortable B．horrible
C．boring D．fulfilling
5．A．opinions B．opportunities
C．idioms D．expressions
6．A．prepared B．purchased
C．requested D．presented
7．A．wonder B．check
C．decide D．recognize
8．A．response B．anticipation
C．pressure D．vision
9．A．frequently B．blankly
C．angrily D．carelessly
10．A．interruption B．interaction
C．mission D．comment
11．A．management B．service
C．leadership D．language
12．A．hiding from B．attending to
C．engaging with D．appealing to
13．A．discipline B．satisfaction
C．freedom D．justice
14．A．shift B．suggestion
C．complaint D．order
15．A．normal B．significant
C．necessary D．possible
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2026·湖南部分学校联考)
A thousand miles can be used to describe something very long or very distant，either a dam or a journey．There are more than a dozen Chinese idioms 1．____________ (use) the phrase “a thousand miles” in a figurative way．Here are two common ones that seem 2．____________(express) a similar idea．
The first one is “An ant's hole may cause the collapse of a thousand-mile-long dam．” This saying comes from Han Feizi，one of the most important philosophical 3．____________ (classic) in ancient China．It sounds quite similar to a 4．____________ (know) quotation by American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin，5．____________ warned about frittering money away by saying，“Beware of little expenses—a small leak will sink a great ship．”
The other Chinese idiom involving “a thousand miles” is a famous quotation from Lao Tzu，a top ancient Chinese philosopher，author of Daodejing，or the Tao Te Ching，and 6．____________(found) of Taoism，who lived during the later years of the Spring and Autumn Period (770－476 BCE)．The philosopher once said，“A journey of a thousand miles begins 7．____________ a single step．” It's true that if one doesn't take the first step，a journey 8．____________ (remain) a dream forever．This may also apply to the journey of life，an ambition or an understanding．
Both Chinese idioms indicate that something may seem like a small amount，9．____________ it adds up over time．In English，there are several expressions that echo this same point：“Take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of 10．____________ (they)．” and “Little and often fills the purse．”

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