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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 A Fine Balance
一、核心词汇
（一）名词（10个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
Protecting pandas is helpful to the
ecosystem / i k s st m/ n. 生态系统
survival of a whole ecosystem .
Ecosystems would start to balance
balance / b l ns/ n. 平衡；均衡
again without human interference.
Without pollution , the natural wonders
pollution /p lu n/ n. 污染
would appear again.
Overfishing is the main cause of sea
overfishing / v f / n. 过度捕捞
animals disappearing.
The rainforest is an ecosystem that is
rainforest / re nf r st/ n. 热带雨林
important to us all.
Rainforests are home to more than half
species / spi i z/ n. 物种
of the species on earth.
种群数量； The panda's neighbours have also
population / p pju le n/ n.
人口 increased greatly in population .
Protecting pandas is helpful to the
survival /s va vl/ n. 生存；存活
survival of a whole ecosystem.
Some logging is against the law and
logging / l ɡ / n. 伐木；采伐
does great harm to the environment.
自然；大自We need to think more about how we
nature / ne t (r)/ n.
然 get along with nature .
（二）形容词（5个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
The panda was moved from
endangered / n de nd d/ adj. 濒危的
"endangered " to "vulnerable".
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
野生的； There were only around 1,000 of
wild /wa ld/ adj.
野外的 these lovely animals in the wild .
易受伤害
The panda was moved to
vulnerable / v ln r bl/ adj. 的；脆弱
"vulnerable " on the IUCN Red List.
的
自然的； This allows natural sounds to fill the
natural / n t r l/ adj.
天然的 air.
With a better understanding of
环境的；
environmental / n va r n mentl/ adj. environmental protection, farmers
环保的
returned farmland to forests.
（三）动词（5个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
All human activities stop. Cars disappear
disappear/ d s p (r)/ v. 消失；不见
from the roads.
Animals would soon increase in number
increase / n kri s/ v. 增加；增长
without humans.
67 protected areas have been created for
protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护
pandas.
Some logging does great harm to the
harm /hɑ m/ v. 伤害；损害
environment.
There wouldn't be people to admire such an
admire / d ma (r)/ v. 欣赏；赞美
amazing world.
（四）短语（5个）
短语 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
砍伐；削 Trees would grow freely without the
cut down /k t da n/ phrase
减 danger of being cut down .
get along /ɡet l 与……和We need to think more about how we
phrase
with w / 睦相处 get along with nature.
global / ɡl bl phrase 全球变暖 Sea animals are suffering from global
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
warming w m / warming .
We must use green energy that
greenhouse / ɡri nha s
phrase 温室气体 produces little or no greenhouse
gases ɡ s z/
gases .
China's government has made great
make great /me k ɡre t 做出巨大
phrase efforts over the years to protect
efforts ef ts/ 努力
pandas.
二、语法要点：that / which引导的定语从句
核心概念
定语从句（Attributive Clause）：修饰名词或代词的从句。本单元重点学习用
that和 which引导定语从句来修饰 事物。
结构公式 ：先行词（物）+ that/which +从句
用法一：that修饰事物
Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty.
（通常人满为患的街道、海滩和公园变得空无一人。）
The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals.
（它们生活的森林也是许多其他动物的家园。）
We must use green energy that produces little or no greenhouse gases .
（我们必须使用几乎不产生温室气体的绿色能源。）
用法二：which修饰事物
The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear
again.
（被雾霾遮蔽多年的自然奇观将再次显现。）
The panda was chosen because it is "an animal which is beautiful, endangered and
loved by many people ".
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
（大熊猫被选中是因为它"美丽、濒危且深受人们喜爱"。）
The rainforest is an ecosystem which is important to us all .
（热带雨林是一个对我们所有人都很重要的生态系统。）
用法三：who修饰人（Unit 4复习）
For people who are worried about the oceans , there's a lot that we can do.
（对于担心海洋问题的人们来说，我们能做很多事。）
that / which / who用法对比
关系词 修饰对象 从句中角色 例句
人 /物均 The energy that produces little pollution is green
that 主语 /宾语
可 energy.
仅修饰事 The wonders which were hidden would appear
which 主语 /宾语
物 again.
who 仅修饰人 主语 /宾语 People who care about nature should act now.
易错提醒
错误示例 正确示例 说明
The people which liveThe people who live
which不能修饰人
here... here...
There is a lot which weThere is a lot that we先行词被 a lot 修饰时，通常只
can do. can do. 用 that
The only thing whichThe only thing that先行词被 the only 修饰时，通常
matters... matters... 只用 that
三、通关练习题
第一部分：选择题（15题）
1. Ecosystems would start to _____ again without human interference.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A. pollute B. balance C. destroy D. increase
2. Overfishing is the main cause of sea animals _____.
A. increasing B. appearing C. disappearing D. growing
3. The panda was moved from "endangered" to "_____" on the IUCN Red List.
A. safe B. vulnerable C. wild D. extinct
4. China's government has made great _____ over the years to protect pandas.
A. efforts B. progress C. plans D. decisions
5. Some logging is against the law and does great _____ to the environment.
A. good B. harm C. help D. damage
6.We need to think more about how we get along _____ nature.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
7. Sea animals are suffering _____ global warming.
A. for B. with C. from D. by
8. Rainforests are home to more than half of the _____ on earth.
A. animals B. plants C. species D. trees
9.Without pollution, the natural wonders would _____ again.
A. disappear B. appear C. remain D. drop
10. Streets, beaches and parks _____ are usually full of people remain empty.
A. which B. who C. that D. where
11. The natural wonders _____ have been hidden behind smog would appear again.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
12. The oceans _____ cover over 70% of the earth's surface are crying out for help.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
13. For people _____ are worried about the oceans, there's a lot we can do.
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A. which B. that C. who D. where
14.We must use green energy _____ produces little or no greenhouse gases.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
15. The forests _____ they live in are also home to many other animals and plants.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
第二部分：填空题（5题）
16. The rainforest is an ecosystem _____ is important to us all.（that /which）
17. There is a lot _____ we can do to protect the oceans.（关系词）
18. Trees would grow freely without the danger of being _____ _____.（根据课文填
词）
19. With a better understanding of _____ protection, farmers have returned farmland
to forests.（根据课文填词）
20. In 2016, the panda was moved from "endangered" to "_____" on the IUCN Red
List.（根据课文填词）
第三部分：合并句子题（5题）
用 that或 which引导的定语从句，将以下两个句子合并为一个复合句：
21. A forest is an ecosystem. The ecosystem supports many plants and animals.
_____________________________________________________________________
22. We should protect the oceans. The oceans cover over 70% of the earth.
_____________________________________________________________________
23. Green energy is important. Green energy produces little pollution.
_____________________________________________________________________
24. The rainforests are disappearing. The rainforests are home to many species.
_____________________________________________________________________
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
25. We visited a national park. The national park protects pandas.
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分：选择题
题号 答案 解析
balance 意为"恢复平衡"，生态系统在没有人类干扰时会重新达到
1 B
平衡。
2 C disappearing意为"消失"，过度捕捞是海洋动物消失的主要原因。
3 B vulnerable意为"易危的"，2016年大熊猫从"濒危"降为"易危"。
4 A make great efforts意为"做出巨大努力"，是课文原句搭配。
5 B do harm to意为"对……有害"，是固定搭配。
6 B get along with意为"与……和睦相处"，是固定搭配。
7 C suffer from意为"遭受、忍受"，是固定搭配。
8 C species意为"物种"，热带雨林是地球上一半以上物种的家园。
9 B appear意为"出现、显现"，没有污染后自然奇观会再次显现。
10 C that修饰事物（streets, beaches and parks），在从句中作主语。
11 B which修饰事物（the natural wonders），在从句中作主语。
12 B which修饰事物（the oceans），在从句中作主语。
13 C who修饰人（people），在从句中作主语。
14 B which修饰事物（green energy），在从句中作主语。
15 B which修饰事物（the forests），在从句中作介词 in的宾语。
第二部分：填空题
题号 答案 解析
that 和 which 都可以修饰事物（an ecosystem），此处
16 that / which
that更常见。
17 that 先行词被 a lot修饰时，通常只用 that，不用 which。
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
18 cut down cut down意为"被砍伐"，课文原句。
19 environmental environmental protection意为"环境保护"，课文原句。
20 vulnerable vulnerable意为"易危的"，课文原句。
第三部分：合并句子题
题号 参考答案 解析
A forest is an ecosystem that/which用 that/which 替 换 第 二 句 的 the
21
supports many plants and animals . ecosystem，定语从句紧跟先行词。
We should protect the oceans
用 that/which 替 换 第 二 句 的 the
22 that/which cover over 70% of the
oceans，定语从句紧跟先行词。
earth .
Green energy that/which produces用 that/which 替换第二句的 Green
23
little pollution is important. energy，定语从句紧跟先行词。
The rainforests that/which are home用 that/which 替 换 第 二 句 的 the
24
to many species are disappearing. rainforests，定语从句紧跟先行词。
We visited a national park that/which用 that/which 替 换 第 二 句 的 the
25
protects pandas . national park，定语从句紧跟先行词。中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 A Fine Balance
一、核心词汇
（一）名词（10个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
ecosystem / i k s st m/ n. 生态系统 Protecting pandas is helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem .
balance / b l ns/ n. 平衡；均衡 Ecosystems would start to balance again without human interference.
pollution /p lu n/ n. 污染 Without pollution , the natural wonders would appear again.
overfishing / v f / n. 过度捕捞 Overfishing is the main cause of sea animals disappearing.
rainforest / re nf r st/ n. 热带雨林 The rainforest is an ecosystem that is important to us all.
species / spi i z/ n. 物种 Rainforests are home to more than half of the species on earth.
population / p pju le n/ n. 种群数量；人口 The panda's neighbours have also increased greatly in population .
survival /s va vl/ n. 生存；存活 Protecting pandas is helpful to the survival of a whole ecosystem.
logging / l ɡ / n. 伐木；采伐 Some logging is against the law and does great harm to the environment.
nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然；大自然 We need to think more about how we get along with nature .
（二）形容词（5个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
endangered / n de nd d/ adj. 濒危的 The panda was moved from "endangered " to "vulnerable".
wild /wa ld/ adj. 野生的；野外的 There were only around 1,000 of these lovely animals in the wild .
vulnerable / v ln r bl/ adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的 The panda was moved to "vulnerable " on the IUCN Red List.
natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的；天然的 This allows natural sounds to fill the air.
environmental / n va r n mentl/ adj. 环境的；环保的 With a better understanding of environmental protection, farmers returned farmland to forests.
（三）动词（5个）
单词 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
disappear / d s p (r)/ v. 消失；不见 All human activities stop. Cars disappear from the roads.
increase / n kri s/ v. 增加；增长 Animals would soon increase in number without humans.
protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护 67 protected areas have been created for pandas.
harm /hɑ m/ v. 伤害；损害 Some logging does great harm to the environment.
admire / d ma (r)/ v. 欣赏；赞美 There wouldn't be people to admire such an amazing world.
（四）短语（5个）
短语 音标 词性 中文释义 例句
cut down /k t da n/ phrase 砍伐；削减 Trees would grow freely without the danger of being cut down .
get along with /ɡet l w / phrase 与……和睦相处 We need to think more about how we get along with nature.
global warming / ɡl bl w m / phrase 全球变暖 Sea animals are suffering from global warming .
greenhouse gases / ɡri nha s ɡ s z/ phrase 温室气体 We must use green energy that produces little or no greenhouse gases .
make great efforts /me k ɡre t ef ts/ phrase 做出巨大努力 China's government has made great efforts over the years to protect pandas.
二、语法要点：that / which 引导的定语从句
核心概念
定语从句（Attributive Clause）：修饰名词或代词的从句。本单元重点学习用 that 和 which 引导定语从句来修饰 事物。
结构公式 ：先行词（物）+ that/which + 从句
用法一：that 修饰事物
Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty.
（通常人满为患的街道、海滩和公园变得空无一人。）
The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals.
（它们生活的森林也是许多其他动物的家园。）
We must use green energy that produces little or no greenhouse gases .
（我们必须使用几乎不产生温室气体的绿色能源。）
用法二：which 修饰事物
The natural wonders which have been hidden behind smog for years would appear again.
（被雾霾遮蔽多年的自然奇观将再次显现。）
The panda was chosen because it is "an animal which is beautiful, endangered and loved by many people ".
（大熊猫被选中是因为它"美丽、濒危且深受人们喜爱"。）
The rainforest is an ecosystem which is important to us all .
（热带雨林是一个对我们所有人都很重要的生态系统。）
用法三：who 修饰人（Unit 4 复习）
For people who are worried about the oceans , there's a lot that we can do.
（对于担心海洋问题的人们来说，我们能做很多事。）
that / which / who 用法对比
关系词 修饰对象 从句中角色 例句
that 人 / 物均可 主语 / 宾语 The energy that produces little pollution is green energy.
which 仅修饰事物 主语 / 宾语 The wonders which were hidden would appear again.
who 仅修饰人 主语 / 宾语 People who care about nature should act now.
易错提醒
错误示例 正确示例 说明
The people which live here... The people who live here... which 不能修饰人
There is a lot which we can do. There is a lot that we can do. 先行词被 a lot 修饰时，通常只用 that
The only thing which matters... The only thing that matters... 先行词被 the only 修饰时，通常只用 that
三、通关练习题
第一部分：选择题（15题）
1. Ecosystems would start to _____ again without human interference.
A. pollute B. balance C. destroy D. increase
2. Overfishing is the main cause of sea animals _____.
A. increasing B. appearing C. disappearing D. growing
3. The panda was moved from "endangered" to "_____" on the IUCN Red List.
A. safe B. vulnerable C. wild D. extinct
4. China's government has made great _____ over the years to protect pandas.
A. efforts B. progress C. plans D. decisions
5. Some logging is against the law and does great _____ to the environment.
A. good B. harm C. help D. damage
6. We need to think more about how we get along _____ nature.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
7. Sea animals are suffering _____ global warming.
A. for B. with C. from D. by
8. Rainforests are home to more than half of the _____ on earth.
A. animals B. plants C. species D. trees
9. Without pollution, the natural wonders would _____ again.
A. disappear B. appear C. remain D. drop
10. Streets, beaches and parks _____ are usually full of people remain empty.
A. which B. who C. that D. where
11. The natural wonders _____ have been hidden behind smog would appear again.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
12. The oceans _____ cover over 70% of the earth's surface are crying out for help.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
13. For people _____ are worried about the oceans, there's a lot we can do.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
14. We must use green energy _____ produces little or no greenhouse gases.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
15. The forests _____ they live in are also home to many other animals and plants.
A. who B. which C. where D. what
第二部分：填空题（5题）
16. The rainforest is an ecosystem _____ is important to us all.（that /which）
17. There is a lot _____ we can do to protect the oceans.（关系词）
18. Trees would grow freely without the danger of being _____ _____.（根据课文填词）
19. With a better understanding of _____ protection, farmers have returned farmland to forests.（根据课文填词）
20. In 2016, the panda was moved from "endangered" to "_____" on the IUCN Red List.（根据课文填词）
第三部分：合并句子题（5题）
用 that 或 which 引导的定语从句，将以下两个句子合并为一个复合句：
A forest is an ecosystem. The ecosystem supports many plants and animals.
_____________________________________________________________________
We should protect the oceans. The oceans cover over 70% of the earth.
_____________________________________________________________________
Green energy is important. Green energy produces little pollution.
_____________________________________________________________________
The rainforests are disappearing. The rainforests are home to many species.
_____________________________________________________________________
We visited a national park. The national park protects pandas.
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分：选择题
题号 答案 解析
1 B balance 意为"恢复平衡"，生态系统在没有人类干扰时会重新达到平衡。
2 C disappearing 意为"消失"，过度捕捞是海洋动物消失的主要原因。
3 B vulnerable 意为"易危的"，2016年大熊猫从"濒危"降为"易危"。
4 A make great efforts 意为"做出巨大努力"，是课文原句搭配。
5 B do harm to 意为"对……有害"，是固定搭配。
6 B get along with 意为"与……和睦相处"，是固定搭配。
7 C suffer from 意为"遭受、忍受"，是固定搭配。
8 C species 意为"物种"，热带雨林是地球上一半以上物种的家园。
9 B appear 意为"出现、显现"，没有污染后自然奇观会再次显现。
10 C that 修饰事物（streets, beaches and parks），在从句中作主语。
11 B which 修饰事物（the natural wonders），在从句中作主语。
12 B which 修饰事物（the oceans），在从句中作主语。
13 C who 修饰人（people），在从句中作主语。
14 B which 修饰事物（green energy），在从句中作主语。
15 B which 修饰事物（the forests），在从句中作介词 in 的宾语。
第二部分：填空题
题号 答案 解析
16 that / which that 和 which 都可以修饰事物（an ecosystem），此处 that 更常见。
17 that 先行词被 a lot 修饰时，通常只用 that，不用 which。
18 cut down cut down 意为"被砍伐"，课文原句。
19 environmental environmental protection 意为"环境保护"，课文原句。
20 vulnerable vulnerable 意为"易危的"，课文原句。
第三部分：合并句子题
题号 参考答案 解析
21 A forest is an ecosystem that/which supports many plants and animals . 用 that/which 替换第二句的 the ecosystem，定语从句紧跟先行词。
22 We should protect the oceans that/which cover over 70% of the earth . 用 that/which 替换第二句的 the oceans，定语从句紧跟先行词。
23 Green energy that/which produces little pollution is important. 用 that/which 替换第二句的 Green energy，定语从句紧跟先行词。
24 The rainforests that/which are home to many species are disappearing. 用 that/which 替换第二句的 the rainforests，定语从句紧跟先行词。
25 We visited a national park that/which protects pandas . 用 that/which 替换第二句的 the national park，定语从句紧跟先行词。

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