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Unit 3 Section B (1a~1e) 教案
—— Same or Different (人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年)
课题 Unit 3 Section B (1a~1e) 学科 英语
年级 八年级上册 教材版本 人教版（2024）
课时 1课时 课型 阅读课
教学方法 任务型教学法、PWP阅读教学法、合作学习法 教学用具 多媒体课件、教材、黑板
学情分析 学生在Section A已学习比较级句型，具备描述人物异同的语言基础。本课为阅读课，学生需阅读论坛帖子，提取Matt和Diana对朋友异同的观点及论据。学生对长篇阅读的观点提取和抽象概念（a friend is like a mirror, thanks to等）理解存在困难，需通过速读、精读、匹配、问答等任务链逐步突破。
教学目标 1. 阅读并理解关于朋友是否应该相似或不同的论坛帖子（Matt和Diana的观点）；2. 提取文章中关于友谊的核心观点和论据，梳理文本内容；3. 掌握本课时核心词汇（difference, alike, mirror, interest, novel, sense, humour, thanks to, opinion, make a mistake, less, straightforward, honest, direct, similarity, friendship等）；4. 完成1b/1c/1d/1e阅读理解任务，用英语讨论相似与差异对友谊的意义，阐述对友谊的看法。
教学重难点 重点：阅读策略（速读抓观点→精读提取论据→对比分析不同观点）；核心词汇（difference, alike, mirror, interest, novel, sense, humour, thanks to, opinion, less, straightforward, honest, direct, similarity, friendship）；文章结构（Matt的观点：朋友像镜子 vs Diana的观点：朋友可以不同） 难点：长篇文章的整体理解和观点提取；抽象概念的理解（a friend is like a mirror, thanks to等）；表达自己关于友谊的观点
一、教学过程
Step 1 Warm-up（1a Speaking 导入话题）（3~5 min）
【教师活动】T: Good morning, class! Before we read, let's talk about friendship. Do you have good friends Are you similar to or different from your friends In what ways
【学生活动】Ss: Students think about the questions and share whether they are similar to or different from their friends.
1a 口语导入问题：
1. Do you have good friends
2. Are you similar to or different from your friends
3. In what ways
图3-1 Section B 1a 口语导入话题
【教师活动】T: Before we read, let's learn some key words. Look at the screen: mirror, alike, interest, novel, difference, honest, direct. Read after me and pay attention to the pronunciation.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the new words after the teacher and practice pronunciation, then match the words with their Chinese meanings.
【过渡语】同学们分享了自己与朋友的异同，也预习了核心词汇，今天我们阅读一篇论坛帖子，看看Matt和Diana对此有何观点。
Step 2 Pre-reading（1b 速读抓观点）（5~8 min）
【教师活动】T: Tom asked a question in the forum: Should friends be similar or different Matt and Diana posted their opinions. Skim the posts and underline their opinions.
【学生活动】Ss: Students skim the two posts quickly and underline Matt's and Diana's opinions about friends.
图3-2 Tom在论坛提出的问题
图3-3 Matt和Diana在论坛发表观点
1b 速读任务：
· Tom的问题：Should friends be similar or different
· 任务：Skim the posts and underline their opinions.
· Matt的观点：A good friend is like a mirror.（朋友应该相似）
· Diana的观点：Friends who are different make me better.（朋友可以不同）
【教师活动】T: Before we read in detail, let's predict. Based on the title and Tom's question, what do you think Matt will say What will Diana say Think about it for one minute.
【学生活动】Ss: Students predict what Matt and Diana might say based on the forum title and question, then share their predictions with partners.
【知识点】话题导入与速读抓观点：通过1a口语激活已有经验，再通过1b速读提取Matt（朋友像镜子）和Diana（朋友可以不同）的核心观点
【过渡语】我们已找到两人的核心观点，接下来精读帖子，分析各自的论据。
Step 3 While-reading（1c 匹配 + 观点分析）（15~18 min）
（一）分析Matt的观点
【教师活动】T: What is Matt's opinion Let's read Matt's post carefully. Matt thinks a good friend is like a mirror. He uses his friendship with Stephen as an example.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read Matt's post and find the details: similar hobbies and interests, both love sports, Stephen plays badminton better, both like reading.
图3-4 Matt的观点：朋友像镜子
Matt的观点与论据：
· 观点：A good friend is like a mirror.（朋友像镜子，应该相似）
· 论据1：We have similar hobbies and interests.（有相似的爱好和兴趣）
· 论据2：We both love sports. He plays badminton better, so I try harder.（都爱运动，互相促进）
· 论据3：When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy reading together.（都爱阅读）
· 关键词：mirror（镜子）, interest（兴趣）, novel（小说）
【教师活动】T: Let's look at some key phrases in Matt's post. 'A good friend is like a mirror' — here 'like' is a preposition meaning '像'. 'have similar hobbies and interests' — interest here means '业余爱好；兴趣'. 'hang out together' means '一起闲逛'. Please underline these phrases.
【学生活动】Ss: Students underline the key phrases in Matt's post and take notes on the meanings: like a mirror, similar hobbies and interests, hang out together, try harder.
（二）分析Diana的观点
【教师活动】T: What is Diana's opinion Diana doesn't agree. She thinks friends who are different make her better. She gives examples of Yuan Lei and Zhang Yong.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read Diana's post and find the details: Yuan Lei is outgoing, Zhang Yong is honest and gives direct opinions.
图3-5 Diana的观点：朋友可以不同
Diana的观点与论据：
· 观点：Friends who are different make me better.（不同的朋友让我更好）
· 论据1：I am kind of shy, but Yuan Lei is outgoing. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing.（袁磊外向，带动Diana）
· 论据2：Zhang Yong is not afraid to give his opinion. He is honest and gives direct opinions.（张勇坦率诚实）
· 结论：We should respect each other's differences and learn from each other.（应尊重差异、互相学习）
· 关键词：difference（差异）, sense of humour（幽默感）, thanks to（归功于）, honest（诚实的）, direct（率直的）
【教师活动】T: Now let's look at the key phrases in Diana's post. 'thanks to' means '归功于；由于', not '感谢'. 'have a great sense of humour' — sense here means '理解力；感觉'. 'be not afraid to give his opinion' — be afraid to do sth means '害怕做某事'. 'less straightforward' — less + adjective means '不那么...'. Please underline them.
【学生活动】Ss: Students underline the key phrases in Diana's post and take notes: thanks to, sense of humour, be afraid to do sth, less straightforward, make a mistake.
【知识点】观点对比分析：Matt认为朋友应相似（像镜子，互相促进）；Diana认为朋友可以不同（外向与诚实的朋友让她变得更好），应尊重差异
【过渡语】理解了两人观点后，我们完成1c人物与描述的匹配任务。
1c Match the people with the descriptions.
【教师活动】T: Now let's do 1c. Match the people (Matt, Stephen, Diana, Yuan Lei, Zhang Yong) with the correct descriptions. Find the key information from the posts.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the posts again and match the people with the descriptions.
图3-6 1c人物与描述匹配
图3-7 1c Diana一侧匹配与词汇讲解
1c 匹配题目：
1. Matt A. reads a lot of novels
2. Stephen B. reads more history books
3. Diana C. gives direct opinions
4. Yuan Lei D. is kind of shy
5. Zhang Yong E. helps a friend become more outgoing
1c 参考答案：1-B 2-A 3-D 4-E 5-C
【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers together. Why does Matt match with B 'reads more history books' Can you find the sentence in the text Yes, 'I read more history books than he does.' Now check the rest of your answers the same way.
【学生活动】Ss: Students check and correct their answers, finding the evidence sentences in the text for each match.
【知识点】1c匹配：Matt读更多历史书；Stephen读很多小说；Diana有点害羞；袁磊帮助朋友变得更外向；张勇给出率直意见
【过渡语】完成匹配后，我们通过1d问答进一步深入理解文本。
Step 4 Post-reading（1d 问答 + 1e 讨论）（10~12 min）
1d Read the posts again and answer the questions.
【教师活动】T: Read the posts again and answer the six questions in 1d. Use the information from the text to support your answers.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the posts carefully and answer the six questions.
图3-8 1d阅读理解问题
1d 问题：
1. Why does Matt think that a good friend is like a mirror
2. Why is Matt getting better at badminton
3. In what ways is Stephen similar to Matt
4. How is Yuan Lei different from Diana
5. Why is Diana glad to have an honest friend
6. How should we treat each other's differences
图3-9 1d问题1答案
图3-10 1d问题2答案
【教师活动】T: Now work in pairs. Discuss your answers with your partner. For each question, find the evidence sentence in the text and highlight it. I will ask some pairs to share their answers.
【学生活动】Ss: Students discuss the answers in pairs, highlight evidence sentences in the text, and prepare to share their answers with the class.
【知识点】1d问答：通过六个问题引导学生深入理解Matt和Diana的观点及论据，理解相似与差异在友谊中各自的意义
【过渡语】理解文本后，我们进入1e讨论环节，思考相似与差异对友谊的意义。
1e Discuss the questions.
【教师活动】T: Now let's discuss the questions in 1e. Think about what similarities and differences can bring to a friendship, and what really matters in a friendship.
【学生活动】Ss: Students discuss the questions in groups and share their opinions with the class.
图3-11 1e讨论问题
图3-12 相似性对友谊的意义
图3-13 友谊最重要的是什么
1e 讨论问题：
1. What can similarities bring to a friendship
2. What can differences bring to a friendship
3. What really matters in a friendship
讨论要点：
· 相似性：有相似爱好的朋友容易找到共同活动，共同乐趣让彼此更亲近。
· 差异性：不同的朋友能互相学习新事物，互相促进，成为更好的人。
· 友谊最重要的是：善良、诚实、支持；尊重、倾听彼此，让彼此感到快乐和安全。
【教师活动】T: Now I'd like each group to choose one question and report your discussion results to the class. Use the sentence patterns we learned: 'I think...', 'In my opinion...', 'For example...'.
【学生活动】Ss: Each group chooses a representative to report their discussion results to the class, using the target sentence patterns and supporting their opinions with examples.
【知识点】1e讨论：相似性带来共同乐趣与亲近感；差异性带来互相学习与成长；友谊最重要的是善良、诚实与支持
【重难点突破】阅读理解与观点分析
· Step 1 预读预测：看1a问题和论坛标题，预测文章内容
· Step 2 快速阅读：1b速读，回答Matt和Diana的观点
· Step 3 精读分析：分别分析Matt和Diana的观点和论据
· Step 4 细节提取：完成1c匹配和1d问答任务
· Step 5 深度讨论：1e讨论相似与差异对友谊的意义
【阅读技巧】观点类阅读五步法
Step 1 看问题与标题，预测内容
Step 2 速读抓观点，划出核心看法
Step 3 精读找论据，分析观点与例证
Step 4 匹配与问答，提取细节信息
Step 5 讨论与表达，阐述个人见解
【易错提示】核心词汇与短语辨析
· alike是形容词（相像的），like是介词（像），不可混淆
· thanks to意为'归功于；由于'，不表示'感谢'
· have sth in common意为'有共同之处'，注意不能遗漏in
· less + 形容词表示'不那么...'，如less serious（不那么严肃）
【知识拓展】核心短语语法规则
· have sth in common = 有共同之处
· thanks to = 归功于；由于
· make a mistake = 犯错误
· A friend is like a mirror. = 朋友像一面镜子
· less + 形容词 = 不那么...（less serious = 不那么严肃）
· as...as... = 和...一样...（Stephen is as serious as Matt.）
【过渡语】最后，让我们总结今天所学的内容，并布置课后作业。
Step 5 Summary & Homework（3~5 min）
【教师活动】T: Let's summarize what we learned today. What are Matt's and Diana's opinions What reading strategies did we use
【学生活动】Ss: Students summarize the two opinions and the reading strategies.
图3-14 课堂总结
课堂小结：
1. Matt的观点：朋友应相似（像镜子），相似的爱好和兴趣让朋友互相促进。
2. Diana的观点：朋友可以不同，应尊重差异、互相学习，差异让人变得更好。
3. 阅读策略：速读抓观点 → 精读找论据 → 匹配提取细节 → 问答深入理解 → 讨论表达见解。
4. 核心词汇：difference, alike, mirror, interest, novel, sense, humour, thanks to, opinion, make a mistake, less, straightforward, honest, direct, similarity, friendship。
5. 友谊最重要的是善良、诚实与支持，尊重与倾听彼此。
【教师活动】T: Think about what you learned today. Which opinion do you agree with, Matt's or Diana's How will you treat your friends' differences from now on Share your reflections with the class.
【学生活动】Ss: Students reflect on what they learned and share their thoughts on how to treat friends' differences, connecting the reading content to their own friendship experiences.
图3-15 课后作业
【教师活动】T: For homework, please copy the new words and make sentences. Also, write a short passage (about 100 words) about your opinion on whether friends should be similar or different, based on your own friends.
【学生活动】Ss: Students write down the homework in their notebooks.
【知识点】课堂总结：Matt与Diana的观点对比 + 阅读策略五步法 + 核心词汇 + 1e讨论（相似与差异的意义、友谊最重要的是什么）+ 课后作业（抄写造句+短文写作）
二、板书设计
Matt的观点（相似） Diana的观点（不同） 核心词汇/短语
A friend is like a mirror Friends who are different make me better difference 差异
similar hobbies and interests Yuan Lei is outgoing alike 相像的
both love sports Zhang Yong is honest mirror 镜子
both like reading give direct opinions interest 兴趣
Stephen plays badminton better respect each other's differences novel 小说
try harder, getting better learn from each other thanks to 归功于
honest 诚实的
direct 率直的
friendship 友谊

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