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Unit 3 Section B (2a~2c) 教案
—— Vocabulary in Use（人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年）
课题 Unit 3 Section B (2a~2c) 学科 英语
年级 八年级上册 教材版本 人教版（2024）
课时 1课时 课型 词汇运用课
教学方法 任务型教学法、词汇情境教学法、合作学习法 教学用具 多媒体课件、教材、黑板
学情分析 学生已在 Section A 与 Section B (1a~1e) 中学习了人物外貌与性格的比较表达，也掌握了 shy、outgoing、serious、direct 等部分性格词汇。但在不同语境中灵活运用 average、spare、pleasure、population 等话题词汇的能力仍显不足，对 novel、character、exchange、by accident 等小说话题词汇较为陌生。本课通过 2a 词汇蛇形游戏、2b 句子填空、2c 小说语篇补全三个活动，帮助学生在语境中巩固性格词汇，运用话题词汇，并走进马克·吐温《王子与贫儿》的文学世界。
教学目标 1. 能准确识别、认读 direct、serious、shy、hard-working、outgoing、lazy 等描述性格的词汇，以及 average、spare、differences 等话题词汇，掌握其正确发音、拼写和词义；2. 能在句子（2b 的语境）和语篇（2c 的小说片段）中恰当运用这些词汇进行表达与交流，完成句子填空、语篇补全等任务，提升词汇在不同语境下的运用能力；3. 通过了解马克·吐温小说《王子与贫儿》的人物及情节，了解经典文学作品承载的文化内涵。
教学重难点 重点：识别并运用性格词汇（shy/outgoing/lazy/direct/serious/hardworking）与话题词汇（average/spare/differences/especially/pleasure/kilometres/population/pleasant）；完成 2a 词义匹配、2b 句子填空与 2c 语篇补全。 难点：词汇在真实语境中的恰当运用（词形变化与搭配）；理解 novel、character、exchange、by accident、expect 等小说话题词汇；结合《王子与贫儿》情节进行深度思考与表达。
一、教学过程
Step 1 Warm-up（谈论朋友性格）（3~5 min）
【教师活动】T: Good morning, class! Today we are going to learn Section B (2a~2c) — Vocabulary in Use. In this lesson, we will review personality words, learn topic words, and read a story from The Prince and the Pauper. Let's look at the learning objectives first.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the learning objectives on the screen and understand what they will achieve in this lesson.
【教师活动】T: Before we start, let's talk about our friends. Look at the screen. Matt and his friend Stephen are serious. Diana is kind of shy. Her friend Yuan Lei is outgoing. Zhang Yong is straightforward. Now, what's your friend like
【学生活动】Ss: Students look at the pictures and answer the question, using words like serious, shy, outgoing, straightforward to describe their own friends.
导入语料：Matt and his friend Stephen are serious. Diana is kind of shy. Her friend Yuan Lei is outgoing. Zhang Yong is straightforward.
核心问题：What's your friend like
图3-2 谈论朋友的性格
【知识点】热身导入：借助 Section B (1a~1e) 中的人物（Matt、Diana 等）复习 serious、shy、outgoing、straightforward 等性格词汇，自然引出本课词汇运用主题
【过渡语】同学们已经会用一些词描述朋友，今天我们就来系统学习和运用更多描述性格与话题的词汇。
Step 2 Presentation（2a 词汇蛇形游戏）（8~10 min）
2a Find the words hidden in the word snake. Then match them with the meanings.
【教师活动】T: Now let's play a word game. Look at the word snake. Six words are hidden in it. Can you find them Circle the words and then match each word with its meaning.
【学生活动】Ss: Students observe the word snake carefully, find the hidden words one by one, and match them with the correct meanings on the right.
图3-3 2a 词汇蛇形游戏
2a 词汇与释义配对：
单词 音标 词性 释义（英文释义）
shy / a / adj. 害羞的（being afraid to speak in front of people）
outgoing / a t ɡ / adj. 外向的（being friendly and liking to meet people）
lazy / le zi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的（not wanting to do anything）
direct /d rekt/ adj. 率直的；直接的（speaking in a straightforward way）
serious / s ri s/ adj. 严肃的；严重的（not laughing a lot）
hardworking / hɑ d w k / adj. 勤奋的（putting a lot of time into a job and doing it well）
【教师活动】T: Let's check. Which word means 'being afraid to speak in front of people' Yes, it's 'shy'. Who can use 'outgoing' to describe someone
【学生活动】Ss: Students share their answers and make sentences with the new words, e.g. My friend Tom is outgoing. He likes talking with everyone.
图3-4 用词汇描述身边的人
【教师活动】T: Now let's learn the pronunciation of these six words. Listen carefully and repeat after me. Shy / a /, outgoing / a t ɡ /, lazy / le zi/, direct /d rekt/, serious / s ri s/, hardworking / hɑ d w k /.
【学生活动】Ss: Students listen to the teacher and repeat the words aloud, paying attention to the stress and intonation of each word.
【知识点】2a词汇蛇：六个性格词汇 shy/outgoing/lazy/direct/serious/hardworking 的认读与词义匹配，通过英文释义加深对词义的理解
【过渡语】掌握了性格词汇后，我们来学习一组话题词汇，并完成 2b 句子填空。
Step 3 Practice 1（2b 句子填空）（8~10 min）
2b Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
【教师活动】T: Now let's do 2b. First, look at the words in the box. There are eight words. Read them aloud and make sure you know their meanings. Then read each sentence and choose the right word to fill in the blank.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the words in the box, analyze each sentence's context, and fill in the blanks with the correct words.
语境导入：阅读关于上海的小短文，初步感知话题词汇：
Shanghai has a large population. The average rainfall in 2023 was 1,281 mm. When the weather is warm and pleasant, especially in spring, many people wear fashionable clothes and hang out with friends in their spare time.
图3-5 2b 语境导入
解题四步法：
Step 1 浏览方框中的单词，弄懂每个单词的意思。
Step 2 通读句子，理解句意。
Step 3 依据语境和词汇含义填空，先易后难。
Step 4 代入所填词汇，检查句意是否通顺。
图3-6 2b 解题策略
词汇框：average / spare / differences / especially / pleasure / kilometres / population / pleasant
图3-7 2b 句子填空（第1~4题）
【第1题】The __________ of Shanghai is much larger than that of Lanzhou.
答案：population（人口；指上海的人口数量）
【第2题】The weather was __________, with white clouds and warm sunshine.
答案：pleasant（宜人的；描述天气好）
【第3题】We got great __________ from the prize we won.
答案：pleasure（乐事；愉快；从获奖中得到快乐）
【第4题】We should respect the __________ in others.
答案：differences（差异（复数）；尊重他人的不同）
图3-8 2b 句子填空（第5~8题）
【第5题】I love all fruits, __________ strawberries.
答案：especially（尤其；特别；强调最喜欢草莓）
【第6题】The __________ height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres.
答案：average（平均的；平均身高）
【第7题】I enjoy reading books in my __________ time.
答案：spare（空闲的；spare time 空闲时间）
【第8题】It is about three __________ from my house to school.
答案：kilometres（千米（复数）；kilometre = metre 米）
【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers together. Number 1, what's the answer Yes, 'population'. Number 2 'pleasant'. Number 3 'pleasure'. Number 4 'differences'. Numbers 5 to 8: 'especially', 'average', 'spare', 'kilometres'. Now read the complete sentences aloud.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the completed sentences aloud, paying attention to pronunciation and the correct word forms in context.
【知识点】2b句子填空：八个话题词汇（average/spare/differences/especially/pleasure/kilometres/population/pleasant）的语境运用，关键在于根据句意选择词义匹配的词汇
Speaking: 用 2b 词汇进行口语练习
【教师活动】T: Now use these words to talk about your life. For example: How far is it from your home to school What fruit do you like What do you like doing in your spare time
【学生活动】Ss: Students ask and answer the questions in pairs, using words like kilometres, especially, spare time in their answers.
图3-9 2b 口语练习
【过渡语】话题词汇练习完成后，让我们走进一部经典小说，完成 2c 语篇补全。
Step 4 Practice 2（2c 语篇补全 + 小说背景）（10~12 min）
Lead-in: 走进《王子与贫儿》
【教师活动】T: Do you like reading novels in your spare time Have you read Mark Twain's famous novel The Prince and the Pauper Let me introduce the story to you.
【学生活动】Ss: Students listen to the teacher's introduction and get interested in the story.
图3-10 走进《王子与贫儿》导入
作品简介：The Prince and the Pauper（《王子与贫儿》）讲述了 16 世纪伦敦的王子 Edward（爱德华）和贫儿 Tom（汤姆）的故事。两人长相相像，偶然交换了衣服与生活。
图3-11 《王子与贫儿》作品简介
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
【教师活动】T: Now let's do 2c. Five words are given in the box: personality, alike, novel, difference, besides. Read the passage first and understand the main idea. Then fill in the blanks with the correct forms of these words.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the passage about Edward and Tom, analyze the context of each blank, and fill in the correct word forms.
语篇填空四步法：
Step 1 浏览方框中的单词，弄懂每个单词的意思。
Step 2 通读语篇，理解大意。
Step 3 依据语境和词汇含义填空，先易后难。
Step 4 代入所填词汇，检查语义是否通顺。
图3-12 2c 解题策略
词汇框：personality / alike / novel / difference / besides
图3-13 2c 语篇与生词标注
2c 语篇填空答案：
第1空：novel（famous novel 著名小说，作宾语）
第2空：alike（look alike 看起来相像，alike 作表语形容词）
第3空：personality（kind personality 善良的性格，作宾语）
第4空：Besides（Besides this 除此之外，句首首字母大写）
第5空：difference（make a difference 有所作为；带来改变，固定搭配）
图3-14 2c 语篇填空答案
语篇核心生词（课本 p.28）：
· metre / mi t (r)/ n. 米 (= meter)
· prince /pr ns/ n. 王子
· character / k r kt (r)/ n. 人物；个性
· pauper / p p (r)/ n. 贫民；乞丐
· exchange / ks t e nd / v. & n. 交换
· accident / ks d nt/ n. 意外；（交通）事故
· by accident 偶然；意外地
· expect / k spekt/ v. 预料；期待
【教师活动】T: Let me explain some key words in the passage. 'Prince' means 王子, 'pauper' means 贫民 or 乞丐. 'Exchange' means 交换. 'By accident' means 偶然、意外地. 'Expect' means 预料、期待. Now let's read the passage together.
【学生活动】Ss: Students read the completed passage aloud in pairs, paying attention to the new vocabulary and the flow of the story.
【知识点】2c语篇补全：以《王子与贫儿》为语境，运用 personality/alike/novel/difference/besides 五词，并学习 prince/character/pauper/exchange/by accident/expect 等小说话题词汇
【过渡语】理解了故事内容，让我们围绕故事主题进行深度思考与分享。
Step 5 Think and share（深度思考）（5~8 min）
【教师活动】T: After reading the story, let's think and share. Work in groups and discuss these three questions. Share your ideas with the class.
【学生活动】Ss: Students work in groups, discuss the three questions, and share their opinions with the class.
图3-15 思考与分享
【问题1】When Edward was treated badly as a “beggar”, and Tom was respected as a “prince”, what does this tell us in that society
参考观点：It tells us that in that society, people often judge others by their clothes or where they come from, not by who they really are. “Prince’s clothes” got respect, while “beggar’s clothes” brought cruelty — this shows how shallow such judgments can be.
图3-16 思考问题一参考观点
【问题2】At the end, Edward becomes a better king because of his experience as a pauper. What does this change show
参考观点：Edward’s change shows that understanding others’ lives helps us become kinder and wiser. When he knew what poor people lived a hard life, he could make better choices as a king. It teaches us that “walking in others’ shoes” makes us better.
图3-17 思考问题二参考观点
【问题3】If you could exchange lives with someone for a day, what do you hope to learn about their world And how might it change your own ideas
参考观点：I might exchange with someone from a different country. I’d hope to learn about their culture, challenges, and happiness. It might change my ideas by making me see that “different” doesn’t mean “wrong”—and that we all share similar hopes, like being respected and happy.
图3-18 思考问题三参考观点
【教师活动】T: Now let's share your ideas. Which group would like to answer the first question Remember to use complete sentences and support your opinions with reasons.
【学生活动】Ss: Representatives from each group present their ideas to the class. Other students listen carefully and ask follow-up questions.
【知识点】深度思考：通过《王子与贫儿》中身份互换的情节，引导学生理解“以貌取人”的片面性，体会“换位思考”的价值，培养批判性思维与文化意识
【过渡语】通过一系列词汇与阅读活动，我们巩固了词汇、走进了经典文学。下面进行重难点突破。
Step 6 重难点突破（5 min）
【重难点突破】词汇记忆与运用
· Step 1 蛇形游戏：完成2a，从字母网格中找出隐藏词汇
· Step 2 词义匹配：将找出的词汇与释义配对
· Step 3 语境填空：完成2b句子填空
· Step 4 口语运用：2c描述自己的朋友
【教师活动】T: Let's summarize the vocabulary learning strategies. When you learn new words, always put them in context. Use the four-step method: identify meanings, match context, check word forms, and re-read to verify. Are there any questions
【学生活动】Ss: Students take notes on the strategies and ask questions about any difficult points they encountered during the lesson.
【判断技巧】词汇填空四步法
Step 1 看词辨义：先熟悉给出词汇的意思和词性
Step 2 语境匹配：逐句读题，根据空格前后意思选词
Step 3 词形检查：注意名词单复数、动词时态、首字母大写等
Step 4 代入通读：把答案放回语境，检查句意是否通顺
【易错提示】常见错误提醒
学生易将personality拼写成personalility；学生易混淆appearance（外表）和personality（性格）；学生易在描述朋友时遗漏比较级形式
【知识拓展】小说话题词汇搭配
· look alike 看起来相像（alike 作表语形容词）
· make a difference 有所作为；带来改变
· by accident 偶然；意外地
· exchange lives 交换生活
· Besides ..., ... 除此以外，还……
【过渡语】最后，让我们总结今天所学，并布置课后作业。
Step 7 Summary & Homework（3~5 min）
【教师活动】T: Today we learned personality words, topic words, and read a story from The Prince and the Pauper. Let's summarize what we've learned.
【学生活动】Ss: Students summarize the key points of the lesson with the teacher's guidance.
课堂总结：
1. 性格词汇：shy / outgoing / lazy / direct / serious / hardworking
2. 话题词汇：average / spare / differences / especially / pleasure / kilometres / population / pleasant
3. 小说话题词汇：novel / alike / personality / difference / besides
4. 课本 p.28 生词：metre / prince / character / pauper / exchange / accident / by accident / expect
5. 文学作品：《王子与贫儿》（Mark Twain）——身份互换与换位思考
6. 解题技巧：看词辨义 → 语境匹配 → 词形检查 → 代入通读
【知识点】课堂总结：性格词汇6个 + 话题词汇8个 + 小说话题词汇5个 + 课本p.28生词8个 + 《王子与贫儿》文学文化 + 词汇填空四步法
Homework
1. 用 2b 和 2c 方框中的单词造句，每个单词 1~2 个例句。
2. 阅读小说《王子与贫儿》（The Prince and the Pauper），了解完整故事情节。
【教师活动】T: For homework, please write 1-2 sentences for each word from the 2b and 2c word boxes. Also, try to read The Prince and the Pauper in your spare time. We will discuss the story in the next lesson. Any questions about the homework
【学生活动】Ss: Students note down the homework requirements and ask clarifying questions if needed.
图3-19 课堂总结
图3-20 课后作业
二、板书设计
Unit 3 Section B (2a~2c) — Vocabulary in Use
性格词汇(2a)： 话题词汇(2b)： 语篇补全(2c)：《王子与贫儿》
shy 害羞的 average 平均的 novel 小说
outgoing 外向的 spare 空闲的 alike 相像的
lazy 懒惰的 differences 差异 personality 性格
direct 率直的 pleasure 乐事 difference 带来改变
serious 严肃的 kilometres 千米 besides 除此以外
hardworking 勤奋的 pleasant 宜人的
especially 尤其
population 人口
解题四步法：看词辨义 → 语境匹配 → 词形检查 → 代入通读

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