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Unit 1 The Changing World
—— Section A (4a-4c) 学案 ——
语法课：现在完成时 (have/has + past participle)
yet / already / ever & make it + adj + for sb + to do sth
人教版九年级上册 2026-2027学年
姓名 班级
日期 课题 Unit 1 Section A (4a-4c)
板块一：课前预习 Pre-class Preview
1. 词汇预习 Vocabulary Preview
根据首字母提示，补全单词；并填写音标、词性和中文释义。
单词首字母填空 音标 词性 中文释义
c_____ /k s/ n. 课程；当然
d______ / d d tl/ adj. 电子的
a____ / di / adj. 音频的
d___ /d t/ n. 泥土；尘土
t____ /tr k/ n. 小路；轨道
w___ /wa d/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的
t_____ / t nl/ n. 隧道；地下通道
2. 短语预习 Phrase Preview
阅读课本4a-4c，找出下列短语并写出中文含义。
1. as well as ____________________ （也；还；和）
2. be allergic to ____________________ （对……过敏）
3. high-tech library ____________________ （高科技图书馆）
4. take place ____________________ （发生；举行）
5. as a result ____________________ （结果；因此）
3. 话题预测 Topic Prediction
阅读课本标题 The Changing World 及4a-4c内容，思考并回答：
1. 本课语法重点是什么时态？______________________________
2. 4b对话谈论了什么话题？______________________________
3. 4c语篇描述了哪个地方的变化？______________________________
板块二：课堂探究 Class Exploration
1. 语法归纳 Grammar Summary —— 现在完成时
现在完成时的基本结构为 have/has + 过去分词 (past participle)，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或从过去持续到现在的状态。
结构形式 用法说明 例句 中文翻译
have/has + 过去分词 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have lost my keys. 我把钥匙丢了。（现在没钥匙）
have/has + 过去分词 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在（常搭配for/since） She has lived here for ten years. 她在这里住了十年了。
Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 疑问句：询问是否已经做过某事（常搭配ever/yet） Have you ever been to Beijing 你曾经去过北京吗？
haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 否定句：表示尚未做某事（常搭配yet） I haven't finished it yet. 我还没有完成它。
2. 4a 圈出动词 Circle the Verbs
阅读下列句子，圈出句中的动词（含助动词），并写出句子使用的时态。
1. I have already visited the new museum in our city.
时态：____________________
2. She has just finished her digital course.
时态：____________________
3. Have you ever traveled through a long tunnel
时态：____________________
4. They haven't cleaned the dirt off the track yet.
时态：____________________
5. The city has built many wide roads in recent years.
时态：____________________
6. We have listened to the audio book three times.
时态：____________________
想一想：这些句子有什么共同特点？______________________________
3. 4b 完成对话 Complete the Conversation
用括号中动词的正确形式完成对话（关于一座新的高科技图书馆）。
A: ______ you ______ (be) to the new library yet
B: No, I ______ (not know) there was a new library. When did it ______ (open)
A: It ______ (open) last Friday. I ______ (go) there with my grandpa on Saturday night.
B: ______ you ______ (like) it
A: Of course! It's the most high-tech library I ______ ever ______ (visit).
B: Oh, what ______ you ______ there (see)
A: There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children's books. I also ______ (read) some digital books on the computer. My grandpa ______ (listen) to some audio books because he can't see well.
B: Cool! I ______ (bring) my little brother tomorrow.
答案：__________________________________________________
4. 语言点1：现在完成时与 yet / already / ever
一、yet 的用法
yet 意为"还；已经"，常用于疑问句和否定句，置于句末。
疑问句：Have you been to the new library yet （你去过新图书馆了吗？）
否定句：I haven't finished my homework yet. （我还没完成作业。）
二、already 的用法
already 意为"已经"，常用于肯定句，强调动作已完成，位置在have/has与过去分词之间或句末。
肯定句：I have already visited the museum. （我已经参观了博物馆。）
三、ever 的用法
ever 意为"曾经"，常用于疑问句，询问是否有过某种经历，置于主语之后。
疑问句：Have you ever been to Beijing （你曾经去过北京吗？）
【易错提示】yet / already / ever 用法区别
yet 用于疑问句和否定句，置于句末（Have you...yet / haven't...yet）；already 用于肯定句，表示已经完成（have already done）；ever 用于疑问句，表示曾经（Have you ever done... ）。口诀：肯定already，疑问/否定yet，曾经ever放中间。
即时练习：选用 yet / already / ever 填空。
1. Have you ______ been to a high-tech library → ever
2. I have ______ finished reading the book. → already
3. They haven't cleaned the room ______. → yet
4. —Has she visited the museum ______ —No, not yet. → yet
5. 4c 完成语篇 Complete the Passage
用括号中动词的正确形式完成语篇（关于贵州交通的变化）。
In the past, it ______ (be) difficult to travel in Guizhou. In many places, there used to ______ (be) no bridges to cross over mountains and rivers, and most roads were just dirt tracks. This ______ (make) it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
Now great changes ______ (take) place. The government ______ (build) thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads. It has also built many high bridges over mountains and rivers. A journey that used to ______ (take) a day now takes only a few hours. As a result, the lives of local people ______ (improve). They are much richer and happier than they once ______ (be).
答案：__________________________________________________
6. 语言点2：make it + adj + for sb + to do sth
一、基本结构
make + it + adj + for sb + to do sth
其中 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do sth，adj（形容词）作宾语补足语。
意为"使得某人做某事变得……"。
二、课文例句
This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场或发展工业。
分析：it = to bring products to the market or to develop industry；difficult 是宾补。
三、结构拆解
make（使） + it（形式宾语） + difficult（宾补adj） + for locals（逻辑主语） + to bring...（真正宾语）
【理解要点】make it + adj + for sb + to do sth 句型分析
该结构中，真正的宾语是后面的不定式 to do sth，由于太长放在后面，用 it 作形式宾语占位。形容词（如 difficult/easy/possible/important）作宾语补足语，for sb 是不定式的逻辑主语。常见搭配：make it easy/difficult/possible/important for sb to do sth。
即时练习：根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 这座新桥使人们过河变得容易。
The new bridge makes ____ easy ____ people ________ cross the river.
2. 互联网使学生在家学习成为可能。
The Internet makes ____ possible ____ students ________ learn at home.
板块三：课堂练习 Class Practice
1. 词汇运用：根据句意及首字母提示完成单词
1. The English c________ is very interesting. We learn a lot from it.
(课程)
2. You can read d________ books on the computer instead of paper ones.
(电子的)
3. My grandpa listens to a________ books because he can't see well.
(音频的)
4. There is a lot of d________ on the road after the heavy rain.
(泥土；尘土)
5. The train runs along the t________ at high speed.
(轨道)
6. The new road is very w________. Six cars can run side by side.
(宽的)
7. The train goes through the t________ under the mountain.
(隧道)
2. 单项选择（yet/already/ever + make it 结构）
1. —Have you finished your homework ______ —Yes, I have.
A. yet
B. already
C. ever
D. never
答案：____
2. I have ______ visited the new library. It's amazing!
A. yet
B. already
C. ever
D. just now
答案：____
3. Have you ______ been to the Great Wall
A. yet
B. already
C. ever
D. never
答案：____
4. The heavy rain made ______ difficult for us to go out.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案：____
5. The Internet makes ______ possible for students to learn at home.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案：____
3. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I ________ (finish) my homework already.
答案：____________
2. She ________ (not visit) the museum yet.
答案：____________
3. ________ you ever ________ (be) to the Great Wall
答案：____________
4. Great changes ________ (take) place in our city since 2010.
答案：____________
5. The new bridge makes it easy for people ________ (cross) the river.
答案：____________
板块四：归纳总结 Summary
1. 重点词汇默写 Key Words Dictation
英中/中英交替默写（英中=给英文写中文；中英=给中文写英文）。
默写类型 提示词 你的答案
英→中 course
中→英 电子的
英→中 audio
中→英 泥土；尘土
英→中 track
中→英 宽的；宽阔的
英→中 tunnel
2. 重点句式梳理 Key Sentences
英文句子 中文翻译 语法要点
I'm allergic to peanuts. 我对花生过敏。 be allergic to sth 对……过敏
This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry. 这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场或发展工业。 make it + adj + for sb + to do sth
Have you been to the new library yet 你去过新图书馆了吗？ 现在完成时疑问句 + yet
It's the most high-tech library I have ever visited. 这是我参观过的最高科技的图书馆。 现在完成时 + ever（曾经）
【知识拓展】本课核心语法回顾
1. 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词，表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续至今的状态；2. yet（疑问/否定，句末）、already（肯定）、ever（疑问，曾经）；3. make it + adj + for sb + to do sth：it作形式宾语，to do作真正宾语，adj作宾补。
板块五：参考答案 Reference Answers
1. 词汇预习表答案
c_____ → course n. 课程；当然
d______ → digital adj. 电子的
a____ → audio adj. 音频的
d___ → dirt n. 泥土；尘土
t____ → track n. 小路；轨道
w___ → wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的
t_____ → tunnel n. 隧道；地下通道
2. 短语预习答案
1. as well as —— 也；还；和（连接并列成分）
2. be allergic to —— 对……过敏
3. high-tech library —— 高科技图书馆
4. take place —— 发生；举行
5. as a result —— 结果；因此
3. 4a 圈出动词答案
1. 圈出：have visited；时态：现在完成时
2. 圈出：has finished；时态：现在完成时
3. 圈出：Have...been；时态：现在完成时
4. 圈出：haven't cleaned；时态：现在完成时
5. 圈出：has built；时态：现在完成时
6. 圈出：have listened；时态：现在完成时
共同特点：所有句子都使用了现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）。
4. 4b 对话填空答案
Have; been / don't know / open / opened / went / Did; like / have; visited / did; see / read / listened / will bring
解析：Have...been（yet用于疑问句，用现在完成时）；don't know（一般现在时）；open（did后接动词原形）；opened（last Friday用过去时）；went（on Saturday用过去时）；Did...like（一般疑问句用过去时）；have...visited（ever用现在完成时）；did...see（what提问用过去时）；read（also用过去时）；listened（过去时）；will bring（tomorrow用一般将来时）。
5. 语言点1 即时练习答案
1. ever 2. already 3. yet 4. yet
6. 4c 语篇填空答案
was / be / made / have taken / has built / take / have improved / were
解析：was（In the past用过去时）；be（used to后接动词原形）；made（过去时，make it difficult for sb to do结构）；have taken（Now great changes用现在完成时）；has built（The government单数用has）；take（used to后接动词原形）；have improved（As a result用现在完成时）；were（than they once were用过去时）。
7. 语言点2 即时练习答案
1. makes it easy for people to cross
The new bridge makes it easy for people to cross the river.
2. makes it possible for students to learn
The Internet makes it possible for students to learn at home.
8. 课堂练习答案
一、词汇运用（首字母填空）
1. course（课程）
2. digital（电子的）
3. audio（音频的）
4. dirt（泥土；尘土）
5. track（轨道）
6. wide（宽的）
7. tunnel（隧道）
二、单项选择
1. A
yet用于疑问句和否定句，置于句末，表示"已经"。肯定句中用already。
2. B
already用于肯定句，表示"已经"，强调动作已完成。yet多用于疑问/否定句。
3. C
ever用于疑问句，表示"曾经"，常与现在完成时连用。Have you ever been to... 是经典句型。
4. A
make it + adj + for sb + to do sth中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth，adj作宾语补足语。
5. A
固定结构make it + adj + for sb + to do sth，it作形式宾语，possible作宾补，to learn是真正宾语。
三、用所给词适当形式填空
1. have finished
already是现在完成时标志词，主语I用have + 过去分词finished。
2. hasn't visited
yet用于否定句，主语She用hasn't + 过去分词visited。
3. Have; been
ever用于疑问句，主语you用Have + 过去分词been。be的过去分词为been。
4. have taken
since 2010是现在完成时标志，主语changes复数用have + 过去分词taken。
5. to cross
make it + adj + for sb + to do sth结构中，to do是真正宾语，填to cross。
9. 重点词汇默写答案
1. course → 课程；当然
2. 电子的 → digital
3. audio → 音频的
4. 泥土；尘土 → dirt
5. track → 小路；轨道
6. 宽的；宽阔的 → wide
7. tunnel → 隧道；地下通道

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