资源简介

一、温故
（一）听力策略
Preview:
Listening is often combined with some _________________. If you preview the picture or text before you listen, it will help you better ________________ what you hear.
（二）单词拼写
1. ________ (夫人) Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
2. By the end of the exchange year, I had a ________ (稍微，有点) better understanding of how to communicate in both countries, but I still have a lot to master.
3. In fact, when most Chinese say they are having meat, it usually means ________ (猪肉).
二、知新
（一）重点词汇
calorie n. ________
________ n. 协会；关联
________ adv. 不顾；不加理会
category n. ________
vitamin n. ________
________ n. 纤维；纤维制品
quantity n. ________
dairy adj. ________ n. ________
moderation n. ________
________ adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的 n. 理想；完美的人（或事物）
________ adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则
________ vi. & vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎 n. 咀嚼
________ adj. 一致的；连续的
modest adj. ________
trick n. ________
________ adv. 总体上；大致上 adj. 全面的；综合的
（二）重点短语
________ 不管；不顾
（三）语篇略读
1. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a new diet to people.
B. To analyse the composition of food.
C. To explain the effect of sweet on health.
D. To tell readers what a healthy diet is.
2. Where is this text most likely from
A. A novel. B. A dairy.
C. A magazine. D. An advertisement.
3. What type of writing is the passage
A. Narrative writing B. Expository writing
C. Argumentative writing D. Descriptive writing
（四）写作指导——健康饮食
1. 写作框架
（1）第一段：开头引入（话题背景+观点总起）
铺垫__________：当下高糖饮料、加工零食盛行，很多人忽视饮食健康；
反驳误区：大众总觉得油脂是健康大敌，实则________危害更大；
亮明全文中心：_________包含控糖、均衡食材、良好进食习惯与正确饮食心态。
（2）第二段：主体论证1（健康饮食四大准则，选2–3点深度展开）
第一层：严控糖分，少吃甜品、戒掉含糖饮料；
第二层：优先新鲜天然_______，饮食均衡，拒绝精加工食品；
第三层：细嚼慢咽、定时三餐，保持稳定进食节奏。
段落衔接逻辑模板：To start with,… Besides,… What’s more,…
（3）第三段：主体论证2（结合自身饮食，分好习惯+坏习惯）
客观先说自己做得好的饮食习惯；
用_________引出自身存在的饮食问题；
简单点明坏习惯带来的___________。
（4）第四段：结尾升华（改进措施 + 价值升华）
对应前文坏习惯，给出可落地的改善________；
升华主旨：健康饮食本质是端正饮食态度，eat to live, not live to eat；
简短总结：坚持健康饮食，才能长期拥有强健体魄。
2. 逻辑衔接词
（1）递进补充：______________________________________________
（2）同义转述：______________________________________________
（3）转折对比：______________________________________________
（4）总结概括：______________________________________________
根据课本内容填空。
_____________________________ as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, ______________________ the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true ______________ how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to _____________ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100–150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. __________________, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.
________________, you can keep healthy by consuming different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and ___________________ sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. _____________, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, ____________. The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.
Finally, __________________ healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. _________________ people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. _____________, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.
There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with ___________________ food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat ” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. ______________ to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
一、人物故事：营养学界改变我们餐桌的人
1. 安塞尔·基斯：让脂肪成为全民公敌
安塞尔·基斯（Ancel Keys）是“脂肪导致心脏病”理论的最重要的推动者。二十世纪50年代，他提出“饮食——心脏假说”，认为膳食脂肪会升高血液中的胆固醇，进而导致心脏病。1958年，他启动了著名的“七国研究”，比较意大利、希腊、日本、美国等七个国家人群的饮食习惯与心脏病发病率，得出结论：饱和脂肪摄入与心脏病风险相关。这一研究深刻影响了后来数十年的公共健康政策：美国政府在1977年和1980年的膳食指南中明确建议民众减少脂肪摄入，食品工业迅速响应，推出大量低脂食品。然而，后来的研究者发现，基斯的研究存在明显局限——他最初其实调查了二十二个国家的数据，但发表时只选了七个最符合其假说的国家；那些被排除的数据往往显示脂肪与心脏病之间并没有那么强的关联。
2. 约翰·尤德金：最早喊出“糖是杀手”的孤独者
与基斯形成鲜明对立的是英国营养学家约翰·尤德金（John Yudkin）。尤德金在1972年出版了《Pure, White and Deadly: How Sugar Is Killing Us and What We Can Do to Stop It》（纯、白、致命），比课文里提到的2014年研究早了四十多年就发出了“糖才是健康杀手”的警告。他认为，过量糖分与心脏病、肥胖、糖尿病、甚至某些癌症都有关联。但在当时的学术环境中，尤德金的声音被边缘化了：支持低脂理论的科学家占据了主流，食品工业也更愿意把公众注意力引向脂肪而非糖——因为糖是加工食品中廉价而美味的原料。尤德金晚年甚至被学术界孤立，他的书也长期绝版。直到2010年代，随着新研究不断涌现，人们才重新发现他的预言是多么准确。
3. 迈克尔·波伦：把健康饮食讲给普通人听
当代美国作家迈克尔·波伦（Michael Pollan）则用更通俗的方式把这些问题带回了大众餐桌。他在《In Defense of Food》（为食物辩护）中提出了一句广为流传的建议：“Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.”（吃真正的食物，不要吃太多，以植物性食物为主）。波伦批判现代食品工业把食物拆分成营养素、再把营养素重新组合成“看起来像食物的产品”，他指出许多标榜“低脂”“高纤维”“富含维生素”的加工食品，并不比天然食物更健康。波伦的观点与课文高度一致：健康饮食不是计算卡路里和营养素，而是选择接近自然状态的新鲜食材，并保持适度。他的写作风格平易近人，善于把复杂的营养学问题变成普通人能听懂的生活智慧。
二、纪录片推荐
1. 《Fed Up》（2014）聚焦美国儿童肥胖危机，采访了多位营养学家和受肥胖困扰的家庭，明确指出食品工业和添加糖是问题的核心。
2. 《That Sugar Film》（2014）是一部澳大利亚纪录片，导演达蒙·加梅乌在60天内每天摄入40勺糖但保持总热量不变，结果体重增加、情绪变差、肝脏脂肪堆积——这部影片用实验的方式证明了“热量相同，来源不同，结果也不同”。
3. 《Super Size Me》（2004）中，导演摩根·斯普尔洛克连续30天只吃麦当劳，展示了快餐对健康的剧烈影响，虽然有些实验设计后来被批评不够严谨，但它仍然是讨论快餐文化的经典教材。
4. 《Food, Inc.》（2009），它揭示了美国食品工业的问题，也展现了有机食品和运动兴起的希望。
答案及解析
温故知新·基础填空
一、温故
（一）听力策略
sort of picture or text understand
（二）单词拼写
1．Madam
【详解】考查名词。句意：居里夫人作为镭元素的发现者，将永远为人们所怀念。句中用名词作主语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填Madam。
2．somewhat
【详解】考查副词。句意：到交流年结束时，我对如何在两国交流有了稍微更好的理解，但我仍然有很多需要掌握的。根据汉语提示“稍微，有点”，可知应填副词somewhat，修饰形容词better，作状语。故填somewhat。
3．pork
【详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，大多数中国人说他们在吃肉时，通常指的是猪肉。根据汉语提示“猪肉”可知，对应单词为pork。pork是不可数名词，通常用于泛指“猪肉”这一肉类品种。pork作动词means的宾语。故填pork。
二、知新
（一）重点单词
卡路里（热量单位）
association
regardless
类别；种类
维生素
fibre
数量；数额
奶制的；乳品（业）的；乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
适度；合理
ideal
fundamental
chew
consistent
些许的；谦虚的；朴素的
诀窍；计谋；把戏
overall
（二）重点短语
regardless of
（三）语篇略读
1. D
2. C
3. B
（四）写作指导
1. 社会现状；糖分；健康饮食；食材；转折词；负面影响；办法
2. besides, furthermore, in addition, what’s more, beyond this
in other words, to put more simply, that means
however, while, instead of, rather than, by contrast
overall, all in all, from my perspective, in short
基础过关·课前自测
Passage 1
There is much debate nowadays
there is increasing evidence that
regardless of
argue over
In other words
Beyond this
have higher quantities of
Besides this
moderation is key
a fundamental key to
What this means is that
In addition
having a healthy attitude towards
It is up to you

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