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九年级英语（人教版）上册 Reading Plus
全文精讲 + 语法解析
Unit 1 — Love My Hometown, Build My Hometown
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
With a deep love for their hometown, people of different ages and professions are contributing to its development and growing along with it. 怀着对家乡深沉的热爱，各行各业、不同年龄的人们都在为家乡的发展贡献力量，与家乡共同成长。 1. “With + 名词短语”在句中作伴随状语，用以铺垫语句背景；2. “of different ages and professions”为介词短语后置，修饰前面的名词people；3. 句子谓语为现在进行时并列结构，后一分句省略了重复的助动词are；4. “contribute to”为固定搭配，意为“为……作出贡献”，to为介词。
Today, let us explore three such stories. 今天，就让我们走进三个这样温暖的家乡建设故事。 祈使句，“let sb. do sth.”结构中，let后的宾语补足语使用不带to的动词不定式。
The watermelon farmer 西瓜种植能手
Liu Guanghui is an agricultural technology expert in watermelon farming. 刘光辉是一名深耕西瓜种植领域的农业技术专家。 主系表结构简单句，“in watermelon farming”介词短语后置，限定说明expert的专业领域。
Although he is more than 70 years old, he still spends most of his days working in the sun on the farmland. 虽然他已年过七旬，却依旧日复一日在田间烈日下辛勤劳作。 1. although引导让步状语从句，在英语句式中，although与but不可连用；2. 句中使用“spend time doing sth.”结构，表达“花费时间做某事”，介词in可以省略。
He wears a wide hat, and his skin is brown from the sun. 他头戴宽边草帽，肌肤被烈日晒得黝黑。 and连接两个并列简单句，前后语义顺承；“from the sun”介词短语在句中作原因状语。
He loves farming and has spent his life researching ways to improve it. 他热爱农耕事业，穷尽一生钻研农耕改良的方法。 1. 句子采用一般现在时与现在完成时混搭，分别体现常态动作与持续至今的动作；2. 延续“spend time doing”句式；3. 动词不定式“to improve it”作后置定语，修饰名词ways，it指代前文的farming。
On his days off, Guanghui provides local farmers with technical training and guidance for free. 闲暇之余，光辉免费为当地农户提供技术培训和种植指导。 1. “provide sb. with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”；2. “on one's days off”表示“在某人的休息日”；3. “for free”为副词短语，在句中作方式状语。
With joint efforts of the government, farmers, and experts like him, the farming economy in the province has grown by more than one billion yuan over the years. 在政府、农户以及众多像他一样的专家的共同努力下，该省的农业经济多年来增收超十亿元。 1. “With joint efforts of...”为介词短语作状语，用于交代语句背景条件；2. 现在完成时中，by后接数值可表示增减的幅度；3. “over the years”常与现在完成时连用，体现动作的持续过程。
The flower live-streamer 鲜花带货主播
Jiang Hui's friends and fellow villagers call her the "flower girl". 江辉的亲友和乡亲们都称她为“花姑娘”。 “call sb. sth.”结构中，名词短语sth.作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的身份。
When she was young, Hui often visited her aunt's flower field after school, where she learnt how to grow flowers. 年少时，江辉常常放学后去往姑姑的花田，在那里学会了种花。 1. when引导时间状语从句，交代人物背景；2. where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为flower field，在从句中充当地点状语；3. “疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语。
She also showed great talent in putting different flowers together beautifully. 她还极具天赋，擅长将各类花卉巧妙搭配、组合造型。 “show talent in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“在做某事方面有天赋”，介词in后需接动名词形式。
After graduating from university, Hui decided to return to her hometown and start her own flower business. 大学毕业后，江辉毅然回到家乡，自主创业，做起了花卉生意。 1. 动名词结构作时间状语，是状语从句的简化形式；2. “decide to do sth.”结构中，不定式作宾语，两个并列不定式可共用一个to。
To promote sales, she started to sell her flowers online. 为拓宽销路、提升销量，她开始通过网络售卖鲜花。 动词不定式置于句首，在句中作目的状语，用以说明主句动作的目的。
It was hard at first, but she didn't give up. 创业初期步履维艰，但她从未轻言放弃。 but连接转折关系并列句；“at first”作时间状语，表示“起初、一开始”；“give up”为固定动词短语，意为“放弃”。
She always patiently explained and offered practical advice to customers. 她始终耐心对接客户，为大家提供实用的选购建议。 句中explained与offered为并列谓语，时态保持一致；“offer advice to sb.”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供建议”。
Gradually, her online shop became more popular. 久而久之，她的网店口碑渐佳、人气日盛。 主系表结构句子，gradually为副词作状语，描述动作进程；more popular为形容词比较级，体现程度变化。
She also helped and taught other villagers how to sell agricultural products online. 她还主动帮扶、指导村里其他村民线上售卖农产品。 1. helped与taught为并列谓语，时态统一；2. “teach sb. how to do sth.”结构中，疑问词加不定式作宾语补足语。
"Many people now know about the agricultural products from our town," Hui said with a big smile. “现在越来越多人了解到我们镇上的农产品了。”江辉笑着说道。 直接引语句式；“know about”为固定短语，意为“了解、知晓”；“with a big smile”介词短语作伴随状语，描述说话的状态。
"This makes all the hard work worthwhile!" “所有的辛苦付出，都值得了！” “make + 宾语 + 形容词”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的状态。
The village teacher 乡村教师
When Yuan Bailing was a little girl, it took her almost an hour to get to school each day, but she loved school so much that she never missed it. 袁百灵小时候，每天上学要花费近一个小时的时间，但她十分热爱上学，从未缺过一次课。 1. when引导时间状语从句；2. “it takes sb. some time to do sth.”为形式主语结构，it无实际含义，动词不定式为句子真正主语；3. “so...that...”引导结果状语从句。
As she grew up, she witnessed how her village changed greatly over the years. 随着年岁渐长，她亲眼见证了家乡这些年的巨大变迁。 1. as引导时间状语从句，可表示动作同步伴随发生；2. how引导宾语从句，从句需使用陈述语序。
Better roads and bridges have been built. 村里修建了更平整的道路、更坚固的桥梁。 句子使用现在完成时的被动语态，侧重体现动作完成后留存的当下结果。
Now it takes only ten minutes for children to get to school. 如今，孩子们上学只需十分钟。 形式主语句式，明确动作主体，句式规范简洁。
As the first person from her village to graduate from university, Bailing decided to return to her hometown to become a teacher. 作为村里第一位大学生，百灵毅然返乡，成为一名乡村教师。 1. as搭配名词短语，在句中作身份状语；2. 动词不定式作后置定语，修饰被序数词限定的名词；3. 句末不定式作目的状语，说明主句动作的目的。
She wants to help more children get a good education and be part of her hometown's growth and development. 她希望帮助更多孩子接受优质教育，助力家乡的成长与发展。 “help sb. do sth.”结构中，可省略不定式符号to，两个并列动词共同作宾语补足语。
Though the area still needs further development, through the courage and hard work of its people—like Bailing—it has a bright future ahead. 尽管这片土地仍有进一步发展的空间，但有百灵这样的乡亲砥砺奋进，家乡必将拥有光明的未来。 1. though引导让步状语从句，不与but连用；2. through引导的介词短语在句中作方式状语；3. 破折号内容为插入语，用于补充举例。
Unit 2 — Edward Jenner and the Battle Against Smallpox
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. 天花曾是全球最严重的疾病之一。 “used to be”结构表示过去的状态，暗含如今已不再是该状态；“one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”为常用结构，用于表述所属范围的类别。
It killed millions of people in history. 在历史上，它夺走了数百万人的生命。 简单句，it指代前文出现的smallpox；“millions of”用于修饰可数名词复数，表达模糊的数量范围。
However, we do not hear much about it anymore. 但如今，我们几乎不再听闻天花的相关消息。 however为副词，在句中作转折状语；“not...anymore”用于表述动作或状态不再延续。
Why 为什么呢？
Because it is no longer around in nature. 因为天花病毒已不再存在于自然界中。 “no longer”用于否定状态的延续，侧重时间维度的终止；“be around”为常用表达，表示事物存在、存续。
This happened mainly because of the work of Edward Jenner (1749-1823), an English doctor and scientist. 这一改变的出现，主要归功于英国医生、科学家爱德华·詹纳（1749-1823）的研究工作。 “because of”后接名词短语，用以表述原因，区别于引导从句的because；句末名词短语作同位语，用于补充说明人物身份。
Jenner did not have an easy childhood. 詹纳的童年并不顺遂。
His parents died when he was young, and his elder brother raised him. 他年少时父母离世，由兄长抚养长大。 and连接两个并列分句，语义顺承；when引导时间状语从句，限定事件发生的时间。
It was difficult for him to do well in school, but he had a passion for nature. 他在学业上难以取得优异的成绩，却对自然充满热爱。 句子为形式主语结构，it为形式主语，真正主语为后续的动词不定式；but连接转折分句，对比前后两种状态。
At 13, he became an apprentice to a doctor for eight years. 13岁时，他成为一名医生的学徒，为期八年。 “At 13”为时间状语的简略表达；“for + 时间段”用于说明动作持续的时长。
An apprentice is a young person who learns a job by working for someone else. 学徒是指通过为他人务工来学习职业技能的年轻人。 who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a young person；“by doing sth.”在从句中作方式状语，说明动作的实现途径。
It was hard for doctors to be well-respected at that time because modern medicine had not fully developed. 在那个年代，现代医学尚未完全发展，医生也很难获得尊重。 主句为形式主语结构；because引导原因状语从句；从句使用过去完成时，体现从句动作发生在主句动作之前。
When he was 21, he studied at a hospital in London. 21岁时，他在伦敦的一家医院进修学习。 when引导时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间背景。
After he finished his studies, Jenner went back to his home in the countryside because he liked it more. 完成学业后，詹纳因更偏爱乡村生活，回到了乡下的家中。 after引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，两个从句嵌套使用，逻辑层次清晰；it指代前文的the countryside。
There, he became a family doctor and people started to hear about his good work. 在乡下，他成为一名家庭医生，人们也渐渐知晓了他出色的医术。 and连接并列分句，语义递进；“start to do sth.”表示开始执行某一动作；“hear about”为固定短语，意为“听闻、得知”。
In his free time, he continued to do research and study nature. 闲暇时间里，他坚持开展研究、探究自然。 “continue to do sth.”后接动词不定式作宾语，表示持续开展某一动作；do research为常用搭配，意为“开展研究”。
It was while working as a doctor that Jenner discovered that milkmaids—women who milk cows—rarely got smallpox. 正是在行医的过程中，詹纳发现，挤奶的女工很少感染天花。 本句为强调句型，用于强调时间状语；第一个that引导宾语从句，作discovered的宾语；破折号内为同位语搭配定语从句，用于解释说明milkmaids的含义。
They often got cowpox, a disease like smallpox, but these milkmaids did not get very sick and they did not die. 她们常会感染牛痘，这是一种与天花相似的疾病，但女工们的病情较轻，不会致死。 名词短语作同位语，补充解释cowpox；but连接转折并列分句，对比牛痘与天花的危害差异。
He wondered: Do milkmaids get protected from smallpox just because they often get cowpox 他心生疑惑：女工们不易感染天花，是否仅仅因为她们常感染牛痘？ 直接疑问句作宾语，用于表达人物的内心思考；被动结构用于表述被动防护的状态；because引导原因状语从句。
To test this, Jenner came up with the idea of first giving some people cowpox, then giving them smallpox. 为验证这一猜想，詹纳提出了一个实验思路：先让部分人感染牛痘，再让他们接触天花病毒。 句首动词不定式作目的状语，说明后续动作的目的；“come up with”为固定短语，意为“提出、想出”；介词of后接动名词结构作宾语。
These people did not get the smallpox! 这些人最终没有感染天花。
After many other tests, he realized that cowpox could actually be used to protect people from getting smallpox. 经过多次实验后，他证实牛痘确实可以用来保护人们免受天花的感染。 that引导宾语从句；从句使用情态动词被动结构，体现事物的用途；“protect...from doing sth.”为固定搭配，用于表达防护含义。
Jenner invented a new word to describe what he had created: "vaccine". 詹纳创造了一个新词，用来命名他的这项发明——“疫苗”。 动词不定式作目的状语；what引导宾语从句，作describe的宾语；从句使用过去完成时，体现动作发生在主句动作之前。
The word comes from the Latin word for "cow". 这个单词源自拉丁语中表示“牛”的词汇。 “come from”用于表述事物的来源。
It was wonderful that, because of Jenner's work, smallpox is not around anymore and people no longer die from it. 得益于詹纳的研究，天花彻底消失，人类不再因天花丧生，这是一项伟大的成就。 句子为形式主语结构，that从句为真正主语；“because of”短语作插入状语，补充说明原因；“die from”为固定搭配，用于表述因疾病、外因死亡。
His pioneering research has been used to create vaccines for other diseases. 他的开创性研究，也被应用于其他疾病的疫苗研发工作中。 句子使用现在完成时被动语态，体现研究成果持续产生的作用；动词不定式作目的状语，说明研究的应用方向。
Unit 3 – The Problem of Procrastination
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
Cathy knows that she has an essay due on Monday. 凯西知道周一要交一篇论文。 that 引导宾语从句；形容词 due 作宾语补足语。
However, instead of beginning work on it today, she waits until the last minute, and starts work on Sunday night. 然而，她并没有今天就开始，而是等到最后时刻，周日晚上才开始动笔。 instead of 后接动名词；until 引导时间状语。
Of course, it is impossible to do a good job writing an essay in one night, so she gets a bad grade. 当然，一晚上不可能写好一篇论文，所以她得了低分。 it 作形式主语，不定式为真正主语；so 引导结果并列句。
She then kicks herself for not starting earlier and promises to do better next time, but she doesn't. 之后她懊悔没有早点开始，并保证下次会做得更好，但并没有做到。 and 连接并列谓语；for 后接动名词否定形式；but 表转折。
Does Cathy's story sound familiar 凯西的故事听起来熟悉吗？
Like Cathy, many of us procrastinate—we put off doing something important until the last moment. 像凯西一样，我们很多人都会拖延 —— 把重要的事情拖到最后一刻。 put off 后接动名词。
But why do we do this 但我们为什么会这样？
Some research shows that we procrastinate because of negative feelings, such as fear or worry. 一些研究表明，我们拖延是因为负面情绪，比如恐惧或担忧。 that 引导宾语从句；because of 搭配名词短语。
We are afraid of doing a poor job or getting bad grades. 我们害怕做不好或得低分。 be afraid of 后接动名词。
We think that we might fail. 我们觉得自己可能会失败。 that 引导宾语从句，might 表推测。
We put off doing the work in order to avoid having these bad feelings. 我们推迟工作是为了避免这些不好的感受。 put off、avoid 后均接动名词；in order to 作目的状语。
Sadly, we are more likely to fail or do poorly when we procrastinate. 可悲的是，拖延时我们更可能失败或表现不佳。 when 引导时间状语从句。
This creates even more negative feelings and makes it more likely that we will procrastinate the next time. 这又会产生更多负面情绪，让我们下次更可能拖延。 it 作形式宾语，that 从句为真正宾语。
The long-term solution to this problem is to deal with our negative feelings. 这个问题的长期解决方案是处理我们的负面情绪。 不定式 to deal with 作表语；solution 搭配介词 to。
We need to forgive ourselves for failing. 我们需要原谅自己的失败。 forgive sb. for doing 固定搭配。
We need to accept that sometimes we will not meet the mark. 我们需要接受有时我们达不到标准。
We also need to realize that difficult work isn't always a bad thing. 我们还需要认识到，困难的工作并不总是坏事。
It is through difficulty that we learn and grow. 正是通过困难，我们学习和成长。 It is...that 强调句型，强调方式状语。
So what can we do 那我们能做什么呢？
Here are some tips. 以下是一些建议。 Here be 完全倒装句式。
First, realize that once we face our fears and get started, our fears often go away, and we start to enjoy the work. 首先，认识到一旦我们面对恐惧并开始行动，恐惧通常会消失，我们也会开始享受工作。 that 引导宾语从句；once 引导时间状语从句。
Second, break large projects into small parts, each with their own smaller deadline. 第二，把大项目分解成小部分，每部分都有自己的小截止日期。 祈使句；each with... 独立主格作补充说明。
Take each thing step by step. 一步一步来。
Third, reward yourself for getting a step done. 第三，每完成一步就奖励自己。 reward sb. for doing 固定搭配。
Relax or do something fun, then get back to work. 放松一下或做点有趣的事，然后继续工作。
Finally, remove temptation. 最后，消除诱惑。
This means if you watch TV to put off work, then work at the library. 也就是说，如果你看电视来拖延工作，那就去图书馆工作。 means 后省略 that；if 引导条件状语从句。
If you chat with friends to put off work, then work alone and turn off your phone. 如果你和朋友聊天来拖延，那就独自工作并关掉手机。 if 引导条件状语从句，后接并列祈使句。
Find a place to work that does not have such distractions. 找一个没有此类干扰的地方工作。 不定式作后置定语；that 引导定语从句修饰 place。
In the end, it is up to you and the actions you take to overcome procrastination. 最终，克服拖延取决于你自己和你采取的行动。 it is up to 固定结构；you take 省略关系代词的定语从句。
So what are you waiting for 那你还等什么呢？ 反问句式，现在进行时表持续动作。
Unit 4 Brain Sports
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
How good is your memory 你的记忆力有多好？
How many words can you memorize in 15 minutes 你15分钟内能记住多少个单词？ 情态动词can表主语具备的能力；句末介词短语作时间状语。
Well, some people can memorize 335 words. 嗯，有些人能记住335个单词。 情态动词can后接动词原形，用以表述人物具备的能力。
Some people are even more amazing. 有些人甚至更加厉害。 even可修饰形容词比较级，用于加强语气，体现程度递进。
For example, someone once memorized the order of 2,530 playing cards in just one hour! 例如，有人曾在一小时内记住了2530张扑克牌的顺序！ for example为插入语，用于举例佐证前文内容；句中介词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词order，限定修饰对象。
Just as there are sports competitions using our bodies, there are also sports competitions using our minds, such as the World Memory Championships. 正如有锻炼身体的体育赛事，也有锻炼脑力的脑力赛事，例如世界记忆锦标赛。 just as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”，形成句式类比；前后两句均为there be存在句型；现在分词作后置定语修饰名词；such as用于列举事例。
These were held in Wuhan, China, in 2019. 该赛事于2019年在中国武汉举办。
There were many different events. 比赛设置了多种多样的项目。
For instance, the "brain athletes" had to remember as many names and faces as they could or as many words as possible in 15 minutes. 例如，“脑力运动员”需要在15分钟内尽可能记住更多人名面孔，或是尽可能多的单词。 had to为情态动词，表客观层面的必要性；句中包含两组同级比较结构，表“尽可能”；or连接并列宾语。
While you might think that these competitors were all born with a strong memory, this is often not true. 虽然你可能认为这些参赛者天生就拥有超强记忆力，但事实往往并非如此。 while引导让步状语从句，表“虽然、尽管”；might用于委婉推测；that引导宾语从句，作谓语动词think的宾语；be born with为固定搭配，意为“天生具有”。
For example, one champion has an average memory, but he makes full use of memory techniques. 例如，有一位冠军的记忆力平平，但他充分运用了记忆技巧。 but连接前后转折分句；make full use of为固定短语，在句中作谓语，意为“充分利用”。
So, if he wants to remember the names of the Great Lakes in the US, he thinks of HOMES, because each letter in HOMES stands for a different lake. 所以，如果他想要记住美国五大湖的名称，就会联想到HOMES这个单词，因为单词中的每个字母都代表一个不同的湖泊。 if引导条件状语从句，铺垫前提条件；because引导原因状语从句，解释主句行为的原因；stand for为固定短语，意为“代表、象征”。
Many competitors use what is called a "memory palace" to remember things. 许多参赛者会使用一种名为“记忆宫殿”的方法来记忆事物。 what引导宾语从句，构成固定句式what is called...，意为“所谓的……”；句末动词不定式结构作目的状语，说明主句动作的目的。
While most people are terrible at remembering lists, they are quite good at remembering where things are. 虽然大多数人不擅长记忆列表类信息，但很擅长记住物品的位置。 while引导让步状语从句，表对比转折；be terrible at、be good at后均接动名词作宾语；where引导宾语从句，作remembering的宾语。
Think about your bedroom. 想一想你的卧室。
You can probably picture in your mind where everything in your bedroom is. 你大概率能在脑海中浮现出卧室里所有物品的位置。 picture in your mind为固定短语，意为“在脑海中想象”；where引导宾语从句，作谓语动词picture的宾语，从句为陈述语序。
Now, picture in your mind the things on the list in different places in your bedroom. 现在，在脑海中将清单上的事物对应到卧室的不同位置。
Later, if you want to remember the words, all you need to do is to remember the picture. 之后，如果你想要记住这些单词，只需回忆对应的画面即可。 if引导条件状语从句，主语为省略关系代词的定语从句结构；动词不定式在句中作表语。
Memory competitions are not for everyone, and not everyone is a brain athlete. 记忆赛事并非适合所有人，也并非人人都能成为脑力运动员。 and连接两个并列分句，语义递进；not everyone为典型的部分否定结构，意为“并非所有人”。
On the other hand, some of their memory techniques may be useful for you in your studies. 但另一方面，他们的一些记忆技巧对你的学习可能会有所帮助。 on the other hand为固定过渡短语，表语义转折；情态动词may表委婉推测；be useful for为固定搭配，意为“对……有用”。
You should give them a try! 你应该试一试！ 情态动词should用于委婉提建议；give sth. a try为固定口语短语，意为“尝试、试一试”。
Unit 5 — Young Inventors
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
You may think that all inventors are adults with rich experience and university degrees, but you would be wrong. 你可能认为所有发明家都是经验丰富、拥有大学学位的成年人，但你想错了。 but连接转折并列分句；that引导宾语从句；介词短语作后置定语修饰adults；may表推测，would be表委婉否定。
In fact, many famous inventions have been created by teenagers, just like you. 事实上，许多著名发明是由像你一样的青少年创造的。 本句为现在完成时被动语态；just like引导类比状语，in fact为常用插入语。
Helping the blind to read 帮助盲人阅读
At the age of three, Louis Braille became blind as a result of an accident. 路易·布莱叶三岁时因事故失明。 at the age of 作时间状语；as a result of 后接名词，在句中作原因状语。
At a school for the blind, he was taught to read using books with raised letters. 在一所盲人学校，他学习用带有凸起字母的书籍阅读。 一般过去时被动语态；不定式作主语补足语；现在分词using作方式状语。
Blind people would run their fingers over the letters and guess their shapes. 盲人用手指划过字母，猜测它们的形状。 would 表过去习惯性动作；and连接并列谓语，表动作顺承。
However, sometimes it was confusing because letters like "Q" and "O" were very similar, and they also took up too much space on a page. 但有时会混淆，因为像“Q”和“O”这样的字母非常相似，而且它们占用了页面上太多空间。 because引导原因状语从句；and连接并列分句；take up 为固定短语，表“占据空间”。
To solve these problems, a system was invented where letters were replaced with a code of raised dots. 为了解决这些问题，有人发明了一种用凸点代码代替字母的系统。 不定式置于句首作目的状语；本句为被动语态；where引导定语从句修饰system。
However, this new method was still too slow and difficult. 然而，这种新方法仍然太慢且难以操作。 主系表结构；and连接并列形容词作表语，however表转折。
At the age of 15, Braille made important improvements to the raised dot system. 15岁时，布莱叶对凸点系统进行了重要改进。 at the age of 作时间状语；make improvements to 为固定搭配，表“对……改进”。
He made the code simpler and reduced the number of raised dots. 他简化了代码，减少了凸点的数量。 and连接并列谓语；make+宾语+形容词比较级，作宾语补足语。
Braille's system was incredibly successful and is still used today around the world. 布莱叶的系统取得了巨大成功，至今仍在世界各地使用。 and衔接时态不同的并列分句，后半句为一般现在时被动语态。
Bringing entertainment to our homes 把娱乐带入家庭
In 1921, Philo Farnsworth was 14 years old when he read about the problem of creating an electric television in a science magazine and became interested in it. 1921年，菲洛·法恩斯沃思14岁时，在一本科普杂志上读到关于制造电子电视的难题，并对此产生了兴趣。 when引导时间状语从句；and连接并列谓语。
One day, while he was working on a farm, he noticed the straight rows of crops, and it gave him an idea. 一天，在农场干活时，他注意到一排排整齐的农作物，这给了他一个灵感。 while引导过去进行时状语从句；and连接并列分句，时态统一。
Perhaps an image could be broken down into lines, changed into electronic signals, and then sent through the airwaves. 也许图像可以被分解成线条，转换成电子信号，然后通过无线电波发送出去。 情态动词被动语态；三个并列过去分词连用，构成递进式被动结构。
For years, Farnsworth worked to develop his idea, but he faced many challenges along the way. 多年来，法恩斯沃思致力于完善自己的想法，但一路上遇到了许多挑战。 不定式作目的状语；but连接转折并列分句。
Many people did not believe his idea would work, and he found it difficult to get money to pay for his research. 许多人认为他的想法行不通，他也很难筹集到研究资金。 宾语从句省略引导词that；find it+adj.+to do 形式宾语句型。
However, he never gave up. 然而他从未放弃。 give up 为固定短语。
When he was 21, he eventually succeeded in sending a simple image using his invention. 21岁时，他终于成功利用自己的发明发送了一个简单图像。 when引导时间状语从句；succeed in doing 固定搭配；using作方式状语。
This breakthrough was an important step in creating the modern televisions that we use for entertainment today. 这一突破是创造我们今天用于娱乐的现代电视的重要一步。 介词短语作后置定语；that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词。
These stories show that with a passion for solving problems, anyone can make a difference in the world, no matter how old they are. 这些故事表明，只要怀有解决问题的热情，无论年龄多大，任何人都能为世界带来改变。 that引导宾语从句；with短语作条件状语；no matter how引导让步状语从句。
So, if you have an idea that you believe in, do not be afraid to go for it. 所以，如果你有一个自己坚信的想法，不要害怕去追求。 if引导条件状语从句；that引导定语从句；be afraid to do 固定句式。
Who knows 谁知道呢？
You may just be the next Louis Braille or Philo Farnsworth. 你也许就是下一个路易·布莱叶或菲洛·法恩斯沃思。 may表委婉推测。
Unit 6 — All about Satellites
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
In October 1957, people listening to radios around the world heard something no one had ever heard before. 1957年10月，世界各地收听广播的人们听到了前所未闻的声音。 现在分词短语listening to radios作后置定语修饰people；省略关系代词的定语从句修饰something；过去完成时表过去的过去。
For three weeks, there was just "Beep, beep, beep." 连续三周，只有“哔、哔、哔”的声音。 there be存在句型，表存在状态；for three weeks作时间段状语。
About one beep a second. 大约每秒一声。
Millions of people sat round their radios just listening for this beep. 数百万人围坐在收音机旁，只为聆听这个“哔”声。 现在分词短语作伴随状语，表伴随动作；listen for为固定短语，意为“留心聆听”。
The beep itself was not all that amazing. 这个声音本身并不那么神奇。 反身代词itself作同位语，加强语气；not all that为固定结构，表“不那么、不太”。
The amazing thing was the place where it came from—space. 神奇的是它来自的地方——太空。 where引导限制性定语从句修饰place
The beep came from the world's first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1. 这个“哔”声来自世界上第一颗人造卫星——斯普特尼克1号。 专有名词Sputnik 1作同位语，补充说明卫星名称。
Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. 斯普特尼克1号于1957年10月4日由苏联发射。 一般过去时被动语态，be launched by表“由……发射”；时间状语精准后置。
It was round, made of metal, and more than two times larger than a basketball. 它是圆形的，由金属制成，比篮球大两倍多。 过去分词短语made of metal作后置定语；倍数+比较级结构，表倍数对比；and连接并列属性。
It weighed about 84 kilograms, travelled at 29,000 kilometres an hour, and took 96.2 minutes to circle Earth. 它重约84公斤，以每小时29000公里的速度飞行，绕地球一圈需96.2分钟。 三个并列谓语动词构成排比句式；take time to do为固定句式，表“花费时间做某事”。
Sputnik 1 stopped beeping when its radio battery died on 26 October, and it burnt up when it fell back to Earth on 4 January 1958. 斯普特尼克1号于10月26日因无线电电池耗尽停止发出“哔”声，并于1958年1月4日坠回地球时烧毁。 stop doing sth.表“停止正在做的事”；两处when分别引导时间状语从句；and连接并列分句。
The launch of Sputnik 1 also began the age of satellites. 斯普特尼克1号的发射也开启了卫星时代。 名词短语the launch of...作句子主语，句式简洁规整。
The first satellites were used for research. 第一批卫星用于研究。 一般过去时被动语态，be used for后接名词，表“被用于某事”。
Through them, we can better understand the world we live in. 通过它们，我们可以更好地了解我们生活的世界。 介词短语置于句首作方式状语；省略关系代词的定语从句修饰the world。
They also send back photographs that help us to make better maps of our world. 它们还传回照片，帮助我们绘制更好的世界地图。 that引导限制性定语从句修饰photographs；help sb. to do sth.为固定搭配。
Communication satellites were also soon developed. 通信卫星也很快被研发出来。 一般过去时被动语态，副词soon作状语修饰谓语动词。
These allow TV and radio signals to be sent across oceans or to places thousands of kilometres away. 这些卫星使电视和无线电信号能够传越海洋或传到数千公里之外的地方。 allow sth. to be done为固定结构，被动不定式作宾语补足语；后置短语修饰地点名词。
This is how people can watch TV across continents and oceans. 这就是人们能够跨越洲际和海洋收看电视的方式。 how引导表语从句，在句中作表语，解释说明核心内容。
Weather satellites soon followed. 气象卫星随后也出现了。
These can tell us when a storm is coming or whether it will snow next week. 这些卫星能告诉我们暴风雨何时来临，或者下周是否会下雪。 动词tell接双宾语；when和whether分别引导宾语从句，由or连接形成并列结构。
One new kind of satellite that is now becoming more useful to the public is the positioning satellite. 现在对公众越来越有用的一种新型卫星是定位卫星。 that引导定语从句修饰satellite；主句为主系表结构，从句修饰主语核心词。
This satellite works with a highly complicated system, like the BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), which can tell us where our car or even our mobile phone is. 这种卫星与非常复杂的系统协同工作，例如北斗卫星导航系统（BDS），它能告诉我们汽车甚至手机的位置。 which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明system；where引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。
It seems that there is no end to the possible uses of satellites. 卫星的可能用途似乎没有尽头。 It seems that...为主语从句固定句型；there is no end to为固定短语。
The only real limit to their use is our own imagination. 对它们用途的唯一真正限制是我们自己的想象力。 limit to为固定搭配，后接名词作宾语，表“对……的限制”。
Unit 7 — The Beauty of Chinese Music
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
Last night, one of my Chinese friends took me to a traditional Chinese music concert. 昨晚，我的一位中国朋友带我去听了一场中国传统音乐会。 one of + 复数名词结构；take sb. to sp. 固定句式，表“带某人去某地”。
I have always wanted to see traditional Chinese music performed live. 我一直想现场观看中国传统音乐表演。 现在完成时表长期延续的愿望；see sth. done 感官动词复合结构，过去分词表被动含义。
The most common Chinese instruments that I recognized were the erhu, pipa, guzheng, and dizi. 我认出的最常见的中国乐器是二胡、琵琶、古筝和笛子。 that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词instruments；most common为形容词最高级作前置定语。
The concert was a superb performance by Chinese artists, attended by both the elderly and the young. 这是一场由中国艺术家带来的精彩演出，观众有老有少。 过去分词短语attended by...作后置定语，修饰performance，表被动与补充说明。
As a foreign audience member, I felt the legacy and continuation of traditional Chinese music in China, and deeply felt the charm of traditional Chinese music. 作为外国观众，我感受到了中国传统音乐在中国的传承与延续，并深深感受到了它的魅力。 as引导介词短语作身份状语；and连接并列谓语动词。
The first song that was performed was a familiar tune, Molihua (Jasmine Flower). 演奏的第一首曲子是一首熟悉的旋律——《茉莉花》。 that引导被动语态定语从句，修饰song。
It is one of the first Chinese folk songs to become popular outside of China. 它是最早在中国以外流行的中国民歌之一。 one of 经典句型；不定式to become作后置定语，修饰folk songs。
The romantic song, played in a simple five-note scale that is characteristic of Chinese music, expressed the love for natural beauty. 这首浪漫的歌曲以中国音乐特有的简单五声音阶演奏，表达了对自然美景的热爱。 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰song；内嵌that引导定语从句修饰scale；expressed为主句谓语。
It was adapted into an Italian opera by Puccini. 它被普契尼改编成一部意大利歌剧。 一般过去时被动语态；be adapted into 固定搭配，表“被改编为”。
It was also played during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the opening ceremony for the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and the opening ceremony of the Youth Olympics in Nanjing in 2014. 它还在2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会开幕式以及2014年南京青奥会开幕式上演奏过。 一般过去时被动语态；多个并列名词短语作时间状语。
No wonder it sounded so familiar! 难怪听起来这么熟悉！ No wonder + 陈述句 固定句式，表“难怪……”。
My favourite performance was the erhu solo of Er Quan Ying Yue. 我最喜欢的表演是二胡独奏《二泉映月》。
The piece has a poetic name, which means Moon Reflected on Second Spring. 这首曲子有一个富有诗意的名字，意为“映在第二泉上的月亮”。 which引导非限制性定语从句，补充修饰先行词name，用于附加说明。
The gifted performer was so expressive that I almost cried along with it as I listened. 这位天才演奏家表现力极强，我听着几乎要跟着落泪。 so...that... 结果状语从句；as引导时间状语从句，表伴随场景。
The piece is considered one of the masterpieces of Chinese string music and most famous piece by Chinese musician Abing. 这首曲子被认为是中国弦乐的代表作之一，也是中国音乐家阿炳最著名的作品。 一般现在时被动语态
Its sad beauty reminded me of the hardships in Abing's life, but under the sadness, I sensed the musician's optimism and deep love for life. 它哀婉的美让我想起阿炳生活中的艰辛，但在悲伤之下，我感受到了音乐家的乐观和对生活的深深热爱。 remind sb. of sth. 固定短语；but连接转折并列分句；并列名词作宾语。
The concert ended with Chunjie Xuqu (the Spring Festival Overture), the first movement of the Spring Festival Suite by Li Huanzhi. 音乐会以《春节序曲》结束，这是李焕之《春节组曲》的第一乐章。 end with 固定搭配；名词短语作同位语，补充解释曲目背景。
Composed in the 1950s, the piece was based on folk music of northern Shaanxi. 这首曲子创作于20世纪50年代，以陕北民间音乐为基础。 过去分词短语作状语，表被动与时间背景；be based on 固定短语，表“以……为基础”。
It depicts the Spring Festival celebrated in northern Shaanxi Province in China during the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 它描绘了中国人民抗日战争期间在陕西省北部庆祝春节的情景。 过去分词短语celebrated作后置定语修饰节日；during引导时间状语限定时代背景。
The piece had a lively beginning, and then slowed down to a soothing tune. 这首曲子开头活泼，然后转为舒缓的曲调。 and连接并列谓语动作，体现乐曲节奏变化。
As the melody played, I felt as though I was among the crowd celebrating the Spring Festival in Shaanxi back then, sharing the people's uplifting spirit and their hopes for a bright future. 随着旋律响起，我仿佛置身于当时在陕西庆祝春节的人群中，感受着人们振奋的精神和对美好未来的希望。 as引导时间状语从句；as though引导虚拟语气方式状语从句；两个现在分词短语作伴随状语。
Unit 8 — The Paralympics – Strength and Spirit
英文原文 中文翻译 语法 / 句式解析
Every two years, millions of people from around the world turn on their TVs to watch the Summer or Winter Olympic Games. 每两年，世界各地数百万人打开电视观看夏季或冬季奥运会。 every two years 作频率状语；不定式to watch 作目的状语；from around the world 作后置定语修饰people。
However, did you know that a few weeks later, the same city hosts another major sports event—the Paralympic Games 然而，你知道吗？几周后，同一座城市还会举办另一项重大体育赛事——残奥会？ did you know 后接that引导宾语从句；破折号引出同位语，解释说明核心名词event。
The Paralympics is an international sports event for athletes with physical disabilities. 残奥会是一项为肢体残疾运动员举办的国际体育赛事。 介词短语for athletes和with physical disabilities 依次作后置定语。
The original idea came from a doctor named Ludwig Guttmann in England shortly after World War II. 最初的想法来自二战后不久英国一位名叫路德维希·古特曼的医生。 named 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰doctor；shortly after 引导时间状语，表“在……之后不久”。
Guttmann was interested in improving the lives of soldiers dependent on wheelchairs. 古特曼对改善依赖轮椅的士兵的生活感兴趣。 be interested in doing 固定搭配；形容词短语dependent on 作后置定语修饰soldiers。
He therefore decided to arrange a sports competition between a small group of patients on the same day as the opening of the 1948 Olympic Games. 因此，他决定在1948年奥运会开幕的同一天，在一小群患者之间组织一场体育比赛。 decide to do 固定句式；between引导范围状语；on the same day as 固定结构，表“与……同一天”。
This small event slowly grew, and in 1960 it became known as the first Paralympic Games. 这个小活动逐渐发展壮大，1960年它被称为第一届残奥会。 and连接并列分句；become known as 固定短语，表“被称为、作为……闻名”。
It was decided that from then on the Paralympics would be held in the same year and country as the Olympic Games. 人们决定从那时起，残奥会将在与奥运会相同的年份和国家举行。 It was decided that... 被动式主语从句；would be held 过去将来时被动语态；from then on 时间状语固定短语。
Nowadays, the Paralympic Games take place in the same cities as the Olympics and use the same venues a short time later. 如今，残奥会在与奥运会相同的城市举行，并在其后不久使用相同的场馆。 take place 无被动固定短语；and连接并列谓语；the same...as 同级比较固定结构。
At the beginning, the Paralympics were open only to people in wheelchairs. 起初，残奥会只对坐轮椅的人开放。 at the beginning 时间状语；be open to 固定搭配，表“对……开放”。
However, in 1976, athletes with visual and other physical disabilities were included. 然而，1976年，有视力障碍和其他肢体残疾的运动员也被纳入。 一般过去时被动语态were included；with引导的介词短语作后置定语修饰athletes。
Generally, athletes at the Paralympics only compete against others with the same kind of disability. 通常，残奥会运动员只与同类残疾的对手竞争。 compete against 固定短语，表“与……竞争”；with短语作后置定语修饰others。
Like the Olympics, the Paralympics have also produced many great heroes and champions, including Natalia Partyka, who was born without a right hand. 与奥运会一样，残奥会也产生了许多伟大的英雄和冠军，包括天生没有右手的纳塔利娅·帕蒂卡。 including 作介词用于举例；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰专有名词Natalia Partyka。
She has competed in table tennis in the Olympics, and also in the Paralympics, where she has won gold medals. 她参加过奥运会的乒乓球比赛，也参加过残奥会，并在残奥会上获得了金牌。 现在完成时表过往经历；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰地点名词Paralympics。
Some Paralympians are blind and need a guide to help them in racing events. 一些残奥会运动员是盲人，在赛跑项目中需要引导员帮助。 and连接并列谓语；不定式to help 作目的状语，补充说明动作目的。
For example, Chinese Paralympian Liu Cuiqing has won three gold medals with her guide Xu Donglin. 例如，中国残奥运动员刘翠青与引导员徐东林一起赢得了三枚金牌。 现在完成时强调成果；with引导伴随状语，表“与……一同”。
She won gold in the 400 metres and 4x100-metre relay in 2016, and the 400 metres again in 2021. 她在2016年获得400米和4x100米接力金牌，并在2021年再次获得400米金牌。 and连接并列获奖内容；多个时间状语清晰罗列，句式简洁规整。
The Paralympics' goal has always been to help those with disabilities to improve their physical health and bring them joy and purpose. 残奥会的目标一直是帮助残疾人改善身体健康，并给他们带来快乐和目标。 现在完成时表持续状态；不定式作表语；help sb. (to) do 省略to的固定句式。
The motto for the Olympic movement is "Faster, Higher, Stronger—Together". 奥林匹克运动的格言是“更快、更高、更强——更团结”。 介词短语for the Olympic movement 作后置定语修饰motto。
The Paralympic Games follow this motto, showing the amazing strength and spirit of athletes with physical disabilities. 残奥会遵循这一格言，展现了肢体残疾运动员惊人的力量和精神。 现在分词showing 作结果状语；with短语作后置定语修饰athletes。

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