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外研版八年级英语上册课文与练习全解析
Unit 2 Getting along
（英汉对照 语法注释 参考答案）
第一部分 全板块句子英汉互译及语法讲解
英文原句 汉语翻译 语法 / 句式讲解
Page 1 — 单元目标 (Unit goals)
No one is an island. 没有人是一座孤岛。 引用英国诗人约翰 多恩的名言，意为 “人不能脱离他人而独立存在”。
In this unit, let's explore the secret of good relationships. 本单元中，我们一起探究良好人际关系的秘诀。 let's 表建议的祈使句；the secret of... …… 的秘诀。
How do people get along with each other 人们如何与他人和睦相处？ get along with 与…… 相处。
What do you think is the most important thing when making friends 你认为交朋友时最重要的是什么？ do you think 作插入语；when making friends 为 when you are making friends 的省略。
By the end of this unit, you will create a guide for getting along with others. 到本单元结束时，你将制作一份与他人相处的指南。 By the end of... 与将来时连用；a guide for doing 做某事的指南。
After completing the unit, you will be able to: 完成本单元后，你将能够： After + 动名词 作时间状语；will be able to 将来时表能力。
use words and expressions in the unit to talk about relationships. 运用本单元词汇和短语谈论人际关系。 use...to do... 不定式作目的状语。
use the present perfect tense to tell stories of sharing. 运用现在完成时讲述分享的故事。 present perfect tense 本单元核心语法；stories of sharing 分享的故事。
share your thoughts on how to get along with others. 分享你对如何与人相处的看法。 share your thoughts on... 分享对…… 的看法；how to get along with others 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语。
Page 2 — Starting out (名言与图片问题)
Read the quotes and answer the questions. 阅读这些引言并回答问题。 祈使句；quotes 引言、引语。
Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 what you do not want others to do to you 为宾语从句，作 do 的宾语；want sb. to do 想要某人做某事。
Not everyone thinks the way you think, knows the things you know, believes the things you believe, nor acts the way you would act. 并非每个人的想法、所知、所信都与你相同，行事方式也未必与你一致。 Not everyone 部分否定；the way you think 定语从句修饰 the way（关系词省略）；nor 连接并列否定结构。
Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people. 记住这一点，你就能在与人相处方面大有长进。 祈使句 + and + 陈述句，表条件与结果；go a long way 大有帮助 / 大有进展。
We need people, we need the cooperation of others. There is very little we can do alone. 我们需要他人，需要他人的合作。单凭一己之力能做成的事很少。 cooperation 合作；we can do alone 定语从句修饰 little（关系代词省略）。
What are the quotes about 这些引言是关于什么的？ 特殊疑问句；be about 关于。
Which quote do you agree with most Why 你最赞同哪一句引言？为什么？ agree with 同意（某人或某观点）；most 表程度最高。
Look at the picture and answer the questions. 看图片并回答问题。 并列祈使句。
Do you have any problems in getting along with others 你在与人相处方面有什么困难吗？ have problems in doing 做某事有困难（in 可省略）。
Can you share one with the class 你能与全班分享一个吗？ 一般疑问句；share...with... 与…… 分享。
Page 3 — Understanding ideas (读前预测)
Look at the title and the picture. Then predict what the passage is about. Use the words to help you. 看标题和图片，然后预测短文内容。可借助所给词汇。 祈使句；predict 预测；what the passage is about 宾语从句，陈述语序。
garden selfish play children angry spring 花园 自私的 玩耍 孩子们 生气的 春天 读前预测环节所给关键词，辅助学生预测课文内容。
Read the passage. What does the Giant do to his garden 阅读短文。巨人对他的花园做了什么？ 一般现在时用于叙述故事情节；do to... 对…… 做了什么。
Page 4 — Understanding ideas (课文全文 第 1-4 段)
Paragraph 1
Every afternoon, the children play in the Giant's garden. 每天下午，孩子们都在巨人的花园里玩耍。 Every afternoon 一般现在时标志，表习惯性动作；the Giant's 名词所有格。
It is a large garden with soft, green grass. 那是一个大花园，长满了柔软的青草。 with soft, green grass 介词短语作定语，修饰 garden。
Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 草地上到处盛开着美丽的花朵，像星星一样。 倒装句：地点状语 over the grass 置于句首，谓语 stand 置于主语 flowers 之前；like stars 介词短语作状语，表比喻。
Paragraph 2
The Giant has been away for a long time. 巨人已经离开很长一段时间了。 现在完成时：has been away 表 “离开” 的状态（away 为形容词，与 has been 连用）；for + 一段时间。
One day, he comes back and sees the children in his garden. 一天，他回来了，看见孩子们在他的花园里。 一般现在时用于叙述故事；see sb. + 介词短语 看见某人在某处。
"What are you doing here " he shouts in a very angry voice. “你们在这儿做什么？” 他怒吼道。 现在进行时；in a very angry voice 用非常愤怒的声音（in + a + 形容词 + voice）。
Paragraph 3
The children run away. 孩子们跑开了。 run away 跑开、逃走。
The Giant closes the gate and builds a high wall around the garden. 巨人关上大门，在花园周围筑起了一道高墙。 并列谓语；builds a wall around... 在…… 周围建墙。
Since then, he hasn't seen a child there. 从那以后，他再也没在那里见过一个孩子。 现在完成时否定式：hasn't seen；Since then 从那时起，与现在完成时连用。
Paragraph 4
Then spring comes. 后来春天来了。 spring 春天；一般现在时表叙述。
But in the Giant's garden, it is still winter. 但在巨人的花园里，依然是冬天。 still 仍然，表持续状态。
There are no birds or flowers. 没有鸟儿，也没有花朵。 There be 句型否定式；or 用于否定句中连接并列成分。
"I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year," says the Giant. “我不明白为什么从去年起春天就没有来过，” 巨人说。 why spring has not come since last year 宾语从句，用现在完成时；since last year 从去年起。
"I hope the weather changes soon." “我希望天气很快好转。” hope + (that) 宾语从句；changes 一般现在时表将来（在 hope 从句中）。
Paragraph 5
But spring never comes, nor summer. 但春天从未来临，夏天也没有来。 never 从未；nor summer 为 nor does summer come 的省略。
Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. 秋天把金黄色的果实赐予其他每一个花园。 gives...to... 把…… 给予……；every other 其他所有的。
But it gives none to the Giant's garden. 但它什么也没有给巨人的花园。 none 没有一个（指代 fruit）。
Paragraph 6
One morning, the Giant suddenly hears birds singing. 一天早晨，巨人突然听见鸟儿在歌唱。 感官动词 hear + 宾语 + 现在分词，表示 “听见某物正在做某事”。
"I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while. I believe spring has come at last." “我已经有一阵子没听到那美妙的鸟鸣了。我相信春天终于来了。” haven't heard 现在完成时否定式；for a while 有一阵子；has come 现在完成时；at last 终于。
The Giant jumps out of bed and looks outside. 巨人跳下床，向外望去。 jumps out of bed 跳下床；并列谓语。
Page 5 — Understanding ideas (课文第 7-8 段及读后练习)
Paragraph 7
The Giant sees a hole in the wall. 巨人看到墙上有一个洞。 a hole in the wall 墙上的洞。
Also, there is a little child in every tree. 而且，每棵树上都有一个小孩。 There be 句型；a little child 一个小孩子。
And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 树木非常高兴，它们已经开满了花。 so...that... 如此…… 以至于……；have covered themselves with flowers 现在完成时，表 “已经开花覆盖自身”。
The birds fly about and sing with joy. 鸟儿四处飞翔，欢快地歌唱。 fly about 四处飞翔；with joy 带着喜悦。
"How selfish I've been!" he says. "Now I know why spring wouldn't come here." “我过去是多么自私啊！” 他说，“现在我知道为什么春天不愿意来这儿了。” How selfish I've been! 感叹句（How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语）；why spring wouldn't come here 宾语从句；wouldn't 表 “不肯、不愿意”。
Paragraph 8
He knocks down the wall. 他推倒了围墙。 knocks down 推倒、拆除。
The children look afraid. 孩子们看起来很害怕。 look afraid 系动词 + 形容词，表 “看起来害怕”。
"Fear not, little ones," the Giant says. "It's your garden now." “别害怕，小家伙们，” 巨人说，“现在这是你们的花园了。” Fear not 古英语用法，意为 “不要害怕”（= Don't be afraid）；little ones 小家伙们（one 代指 children）。
Adaptation from "The Selfish Giant" by Oscar Wilde. 改编自奥斯卡 王尔德的《自私的巨人》。 Adaptation from... 改编自……；by 表示作者。
Choose the message of the passage. 选择短文的主旨寓意。 message 寓意、主旨。
a Never make friends with selfish people. a 永远不要和自私的人交朋友。 make friends with 与…… 交朋友。
b Anger leads to unhappiness. b 愤怒导致不快乐。 leads to 导致。
c Shared joy is a double joy. c 分享的快乐是双倍的快乐。 Shared joy 过去分词作定语修饰 joy；“双倍的快乐”。
Why doesn't spring come to the Giant's garden 为什么春天不到巨人的花园来？ 特殊疑问句（否定式）；come to 来到。
Why do you think the Giant changes his mind 你认为巨人为什么改变主意？ do you think 插入语；changes his mind 改变主意。
Do you know a story with a similar message, either from a book or from your own life Share it with the class. 你知道有类似寓意的故事吗？可以来自书本，也可以来自你自己的经历。和全班分享一下。 with a similar message 介词短语作定语；either...or... 或者…… 或者……。
Complete the reading chart with the words and expressions from the passage. 用短文中的词汇和短语补全阅读任务卡。 reading chart 阅读任务卡 / 阅读图表。
The Giant finds the children in his garden. He shouts at them in a very 1 voice. The children run away. Since then, 2 has not come to his garden. 巨人发现孩子们在他的花园里。他用非常 1 的声音对他们喊叫。孩子们跑开了。从那以后，2 就没有来到他的花园。 填空第 1 空答案为 angry（愤怒的）；填空第 2 空答案为 spring（春天）。
One morning, the Giant hears birds singing. He jumps out of bed and 3. The children have returned, and the garden is lively again. He thinks he has been 4. 一天早晨，巨人听见鸟儿在歌唱。他跳下床，3。孩子们回来了，花园又充满了生机。他认为自己一直 4。 填空第 3 空答案为 looks outside（向外看）；填空第 4 空答案为 selfish（自私的）。
The Giant 5 the wall and tells 6 the garden is theirs. 巨人 5 围墙，并告诉 6 花园是他们的。 填空第 5 空答案为 knocks down（推倒）；填空第 6 空答案为 the children（孩子们）。
Page 6 — Grammar (现在完成时 for /since 规则与练习)
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 阅读短文中的句子，归纳语法规则。 祈使句；summarise 归纳、总结。
(a) The Giant has been away for a long time. (a) 巨人已经离开很长一段时间了。 现在完成时，for + 时间段，表动作持续的时间长度。
(b) Since then, he hasn't seen a child there. (b) 从那以后，他再也没在那里见过孩子。 现在完成时否定式，Since + 时间点，表从某个时间点至今。
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. 现在在短文中再找一些含有这些结构的句子。 巩固练习，要求学生从课文中找出类似结构。
Complete the sentences with for or since. 用 for 或 since 补全句子。 祈使句；辨析 for（后接时间段）与 since（后接时间点）。
1 We have been friends Grade 3. 1 我们从三年级起就是朋友了。 填空第 1 空答案为 since（Grade 3 为时间点）。
2 They have been together three years. 2 他们在一起已经三年了。 填空第 2 空答案为 for（three years 为时间段）。
3 last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments. 3 从去年起，我们分享了许多快乐的时刻。 填空第 3 空答案为 Since（last year 为时间点，句首首字母大写）。
Complete the news article with for, since or the correct form of the words in brackets. 用 for、since 或括号中所给词的正确形式补全新闻短文。 综合性填空练习，综合考查现在完成时和 for/since 的用法。
Most people hope to receive birthday gifts. 大多数人都希望收到生日礼物。 hope to do 希望做某事；receive 收到。
But Jimmy Teng, or "Uncle Jimmy", does things differently. 但 Jimmy Teng，或者叫 “Jimmy 叔叔”，做事方式与众不同。 or 表 “或者说、即”；differently 副词修饰 does。
The 74-year-old man has sold ice creams the past 17 years in Singapore. 这位 74 岁的老人过去 17 年一直在新加坡卖冰淇淋。 填空第 1 空答案为 for（the past 17 years 为时间段）。
Every year, on 22 March — his birthday — he 2 (offer) free ice creams. 每年 3 月 22 日 —— 他的生日 —— 他 2 免费冰淇淋。 填空第 2 空答案为 offers（一般现在时，主语为 he，every year 为一般现在时标志）。
He has done this 3 his 70th birthday. 他从 70 岁生日起就这样做了。 填空第 3 空答案为 since（his 70th birthday 为时间点）。
This year, Uncle Jimmy plans to give away 800 ice creams. 今年，Jimmy 叔叔计划送出 800 份免费冰淇淋。 plans to do 计划做；give away 赠送。
"People 4 (be) quite stressed recently and I want to help," he said. “人们最近压力很大，我想帮帮他们，” 他说。 填空第 4 空答案为 have been（recently 与现在完成时连用）。
"Sharing has made me feel happy 5 the past four years." “过去四年里，分享让我感到快乐。” 填空第 5 空答案为 for（the past four years 为时间段）。
He 6 (enjoy) talking with his customers. 他 6 和顾客交谈。 填空第 6 空答案为 enjoys（一般现在时，表习惯性动作；enjoy doing 喜欢做某事）。
Many of them have become his friends 7 they first met. 他们中的许多人自从初次相遇就成了他的朋友。 填空第 7 空答案为 since（they first met 为时间状语从句，表时间点）。
He has made many friends online 8 then. 从那以后，他在网上交了许多朋友。 填空第 8 空答案为 since（then 为时间点）。
Page 7 — Speaking (口语讨论与表达)
Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. 两人一组。讨论你分享的经历。借助阅读短文中的词汇短语及 “有用表达” 框中的内容。 祈使句；in pairs 两人一组；Use...to help you 不定式表目的。
Useful expressions: I have shared... with... for / since... 有用表达：我与…… 分享…… 已经有 / 自从…… 现在完成时，for + 时间段 / since + 时间点。
One day, ... 有一天，…… 用于叙述过去某事发生的时间。
Sharing really brings... 分享确实带来…… really 副词表强调；brings 带来。
How does sharing make you feel 分享让你感觉如何？ make + 宾语 + 动词原形 使某人做某事；feel 感觉（动词原形）。
Sharing has allowed / shown / taught me... 分享让我能够 / 让我明白了 / 教会了我…… allow sb. to do 允许某人做；show sb. sth. 给某人看；teach sb. sth. 教某人。
It makes me feel... 它让我感觉…… make + 宾语 + 形容词 使某人感到……。
Page 8 — Listening and speaking (听力导入及语音)
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea. 听对话，选择主旨大意。 祈使句；main idea 主旨、大意。
a Three friends are researching the highest roller coaster in the city. a 三个朋友在调查本市最高的过山车。 are researching 现在进行时；roller coaster 过山车。
b Three friends are discussing going on a roller coaster at the weekend. b 三个朋友在讨论周末去坐过山车。 are discussing doing 讨论做某事；at the weekend 在周末。
c Three friends are trying to find out the bravest one among them. c 三个朋友想找出他们当中最勇敢的那个。 are trying to find out 试图找出；the bravest one 最勇敢的人。
Many people have some kind of fear. 许多人都有某种恐惧。 have some kind of fear 有某种恐惧。
Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events. 例如恐高和害怕参加社交活动。 include 包括；a fear of... 对…… 的恐惧（of 后接名词 / 动名词）。
It is often difficult for people to talk about their fears with others. 人们常常很难与他人谈论自己的恐惧。 It is difficult for sb. to do... 对某人来说做某事很难（不定式作真正主语）。
This sometimes influences their personal relationships. 这有时会影响他们的人际关系。 influences 影响（动词）；personal relationships 人际关系。
Pronunciation: /h/ hear who whom 语音：/h/ 如 hear、who、whom。 /h/ 为清喉擦音；who、whom 中的 h 也发 /h/。
Practise more p99 更多练习见第 99 页。 缩略表达，指示页码。
Page 9 — Listening (听力填空与情绪选择)
Listen again. Complete the students' thoughts about the roller coaster and choose the correct feelings. 再听一遍。补全学生们关于过山车的想法，并选择正确的感受。 听第二遍完成填空；correct feelings 正确的情感 / 感受。
Page 10 — Listening (听后填空与建议) & Speaking
Listen to the conversation and complete the notes. 听对话并补全笔记。 祈使句；complete the notes 补全笔记。
Paul's worries: My friends were so excited about riding the roller coaster. I didn't want to make them 1. Paul 的担忧：我的朋友们对于坐过山车很兴奋。我不想让他们 1。 填空第 1 空答案为 unhappy（不高兴的）；make + 宾语 + 形容词。
Ms Thomson's suggestions: You should tell your friends that you're afraid of 2. They'll understand you. You can't always hide your 3 to please others. Thomson 老师的建议：你应该告诉你的朋友们你害怕 2。他们会理解你的。你不能总是为了取悦别人而隐藏自己的 3。 填空第 2 空答案为 heights（高处 / 恐高）；填空第 3 空答案为 feelings（感受）。
Paul: What if they never 4 me again Paul：如果他们再也不 4 我了怎么办？ 填空第 4 空答案为 ask（邀请 / 问）；What if... 如果…… 怎么办？
Ms Thomson: You can still do 5 together. Just say 6" and explain why. True friends will respect your feelings. Thomson 老师：你们仍然可以一起做 5。只要说 6，并解释原因。真正的朋友会尊重你的感受。 填空第 5 空答案为 other things（其他事情）；填空第 6 空答案为 no（不）。
Offering comfort: When someone is unhappy, it's important to comfort them. It shows that you understand how they feel. 给予安慰：当某人不开心时，安慰他们很重要。这表明你理解他们的感受。 When someone is unhappy 时间状语从句；it's important to comfort them 不定式作真正主语；how they feel 宾语从句。
Helpful expressions include I'm sorry to hear that, That sounds difficult and I see. 有用的表达包括 “听到这个我很难过”“那听起来很难” 和 “我明白了”。 列举安慰他人的常用表达。
Work in pairs. Choose a situation and act out a conversation. 两人一组。选择一个情景并表演一段对话。 祈使句；act out 表演。
Talk about what you have learnt about expressing your thoughts in this section. 谈谈你在本部分关于表达想法所学到的东西。 what you have learnt 宾语从句，用现在完成时。
Page 11 — Developing ideas (读前导入 & 故事第 1-2 段)
Look at the picture and answer the questions. Use the words and expressions to help you. 看图片并回答问题。可借助所给词汇和短语。 祈使句；Use...to help you 不定式表目的。
What can you see in the picture 你在图片中能看到什么？ 特殊疑问句；can see 能看见。
What do you think the story is about 你认为这个故事是关于什么的？ do you think 插入语；be about 关于。
Read the story and check your answers. 读故事并核对答案。 祈使句；check 核对。
Narrow lanes are very common in China. 窄巷在中国很常见。 narrow lanes 窄巷；common 常见的。
They are usually about two metres wide, or six chi in traditional Chinese units. 它们通常大约两米宽，用中国传统单位说就是六尺。 two metres wide 两米宽（度量衡表达：数字 + 单位 + 形容词）；or 表 “或者说”。
Most of them are nothing special. 它们中的大多数都很普通。 nothing special 没什么特别的（形容词修饰不定代词后置）。
But Liuchixiang (Six-chi Lane) in Tongcheng, Anhui, is perhaps the most famous one. 但安徽桐城的六尺巷，或许是最有名的一条。 perhaps 也许；the most famous 最高级。
Its story started back in the Qing Dynasty. 它的故事始于清代。 started back in... 追溯到…… 开始；the Qing Dynasty 清朝。
Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses. 当地两户人家 —— 张家和吴家 —— 因为两家房子之间的分界线发生了争执。 the Zhangs and the Wus 张家和吴家（姓氏复数表一家人）；argued over 因…… 而争吵；dividing line 分界线。
They couldn't reach agreement. 他们无法达成一致。 reach agreement 达成一致。
The Zhang family was angry. 张家很生气。 was angry 生气（family 作整体，谓语用单数）。
Their relative, Zhang Ying, had a position high up in the government. 他们的亲戚张英在朝廷中担任高官。 relative 亲戚；had a position 担任职位；high up in the government 在政府高层。
They wrote him a letter, asking for advice. 他们给他写了一封信，征求建议。 wrote him a letter 双宾语结构（间接宾语 him + 直接宾语 a letter）；asking for advice 现在分词短语作伴随状语。
When his reply came, they opened it to find a poem inside. 当他的回信到来时，他们打开信，发现里面有一首诗。 When 时间状语从句；to find a poem inside 不定式作结果状语。
Page 12 — Developing ideas (故事第 3-4 段)
Paragraph 3
After reading it, the Zhang family felt ashamed. 读完后，张家感到羞愧。 After reading it 介词 + 动名词作时间状语；felt ashamed 系动词 + 形容词。
They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. 他们为邻居退让了三尺。 stepped back 后退、退让；for their neighbour 为他们的邻居。
This act deeply moved the Wu family. 这一举动深深感动了吴家。 deeply 深深地（副词修饰 moved）；moved 感动（动词过去式）。
In return, they decided to do the same thing. 作为回报，他们决定做同样的事。 In return 作为回报；decided to do 决定做。
They gave up another three chi. 他们又让出了三尺。 gave up 放弃、让出；another three chi 另外三尺。
And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. 于是两家之间就有了这条六尺宽的巷子。 倒装句：so came... 为完全倒装（副词 so 前置，谓语 came 置于主语 the lane 之前）。
Paragraph 4
Hundreds of years have passed since then, and the lane is still there. 从那以后，数百年过去了，这条巷子依然还在。 现在完成时 have passed（since then 与现在完成时连用）。
The people of Tongcheng still keep the poem in mind. 桐城人仍然把这首诗记在心里。 keep...in mind 把…… 记在心里。
Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会记得善意如何激发更多的善意。 Whenever 引导让步 / 时间状语从句，意为 “无论何时”；how kindness encourages more kindness 宾语从句。
Page 13 — Developing ideas (读后问答)
Answer the questions about the story. 回答关于这个故事的问题。 祈使句。
Six chi away, but closer together. 六尺之让，却让彼此更亲近。 标题 / 主题句，体现 “退让反而拉近距离” 的寓意。
What do you think the title means 你认为标题是什么意思？ do you think 插入语；title 标题。
Why does the writer use the poem in this story 作者为什么在故事中使用这首诗？ Why 提问原因；use the poem 使用这首诗。
What have you learnt from the story 你从这个故事中学到了什么？ 现在完成时 have learnt，强调 “已经学到”。
Where is Liuchixiang in the story 故事中的六尺巷在哪里？ Where 提问地点。
What's special about it 它有什么特别之处？ What's special about... …… 有什么特别的？
What did the two families argue about 两家人因什么而争吵？ argue about 因…… 争吵。
Who did the Zhang family ask for advice 张家向谁征求了建议？ ask for advice 征求建议。
What suggestion did the Zhang family receive 张家收到了什么建议？ suggestion 建议；receive 收到。
What did the Zhang family do then 张家随后做了什么？ then 然后、随后。
How did the Wu family behave 吴家是如何回应的？ behave 表现、回应。
What do the people of Tongcheng remember as they walk down the lane 桐城人走过巷子时记得什么？ as 引导时间状语从句，意为 “当…… 时”。
How do you understand "as a gift" and "as time continues to drift" in the poem 你如何理解诗中 “作为礼物” 和 “随着时光继续流逝”？ understand 理解；as time continues to drift 随着时光继续流逝（as 表 “随着”）。
What rhymes can you find in the poem 你能在诗中找到哪些押韵？ rhymes 押韵词。
What's the effect of these rhymes 这些押韵有什么效果？ effect 效果、作用。
Page 14 — Writing (写作指导与自查)
Write a short story about understanding between people. 写一个关于人与人之间相互理解的短故事。 祈使句；understanding between people 人与人之间的理解。
Organise your ideas by answering the following questions. 通过回答以下问题来组织你的思路。 by answering 通过做某事（介词 + 动名词）。
Write about your story with the help of the chart. 借助图表写你的故事。 with the help of 在…… 的帮助下。
Check. Did you: include people, a setting and events 检查。你是否做到了：包含人物、背景和事件？ include 包含；setting 背景（故事发生的时间地点）。
use the words and expressions from the reading passage 使用了阅读短文中的词汇和短语？ 承接上文，省略主语；use...from... 使用来自…… 的。
give your opinion about the importance of understanding others 给出了你对理解他人重要性的看法？ give your opinion about 就…… 发表看法。
Share your story with the class. 把你的故事分享给全班同学。 祈使句；share...with... 与…… 分享。
Page 15 — Speaking (指南创作准备与提纲)
Create a guide for getting along with others. 制作一份与他人相处的指南。 祈使句；guide 指南。
Work in groups, and list common problems in getting along with others. Think about possible solutions. Then take a group vote to decide on one problem to focus on. 分组合作，列出与他人相处中的常见问题。思考可能的解决方案。然后进行小组投票，决定聚焦于哪一个问题。 并列祈使句；list 列出；possible solutions 可能的解决方案；take a group vote 进行小组投票；focus on 聚焦于。
Create a guide with the help of the outline below. You can use the language tips in the outline or find useful expressions or sentences from this unit. 借助以下提纲制作指南。你可以使用提纲中的语言提示，或从本单元中查找有用的短语或句子。 with the help of 在…… 的帮助下；outline 提纲。
Introduction: Stating the importance of getting along with others. 引言：陈述与他人相处的重要性。 Stating 现在分词作解释说明；importance 重要性。
Getting along with others is important because... 与他人相处很重要，因为…… because 引导原因状语从句。
You will always live / study / work with others, so... 你总是要与他人一起生活 / 学习 / 工作，所以…… so 表因果。
Body: Describing one common problem. 正文：描述一个常见问题。 common problem 常见问题。
A common problem is... 一个常见的问题是…… 描述问题。
Sometimes you may argue over... 有时你们可能会因为…… 争吵。 may argue over 可能会因…… 争吵。
Perhaps you can't reach agreement on... 或许你们无法在…… 上达成一致。 reach agreement on 在…… 上达成一致。
I can't understand why... 我不明白为什么…… why 引导宾语从句。
... has been... for a long time. …… 已经…… 很长一段时间了。 现在完成时 + for + 时间段。
Explaining solutions to the problem: The most important thing is... 解释问题的解决方案：最重要的是…… solutions to …… 的解决方案；the most important thing 最重要的事。
When having an argument about..., we need to... 当因为…… 发生争执时，我们需要…… When having an argument about... 为 When we are having... 的省略；need to do 需要做。
If you disagree about..., you should... 如果你在…… 上意见不同，你应该…… If 引导条件状语从句；disagree about 在…… 上意见不同。
We could choose to step back and... 我们可以选择退一步并…… could choose to do 可以选择做；step back 退让。
Conclusion: Mentioning how good relationships can change your life. 结论：提及良好的人际关系如何改变你的生活。 Mentioning 现在分词作解释说明；how good relationships can change your life 宾语从句。
Better relationships will help you... 更好的人际关系将帮助你…… will help you 将来时；help 后接动词原形。
It's good to see how kindness encourages more kindness. 看到善意如何激发更多善意是很好的。 It's good to see... 不定式作真正主语；how kindness encourages more kindness 宾语从句。
Page 16 — Reflection (反思)
Practise and present your guide to the class. 练习并向全班展示你的指南。 并列祈使句；present 展示、呈现。
Vote on the best three guides and the best three presentations. 投票选出最佳的三篇指南和最佳的三场展示。 祈使句；Vote on 就…… 投票。
After completing this unit, I understand more about getting along with others. 完成本单元后，我对与他人相处有了更深的理解。 After completing 介词 + 动名词作时间状语；understand more about 对…… 理解更多。
To express my understanding, I can... 为了表达我的理解，我能…… To express... 不定式作目的状语。
use words and expressions in the unit to talk about relationships. 使用本单元词汇和短语谈论人际关系。 use...to talk about... 不定式作目的状语。
use the present perfect tense to tell stories of sharing. 使用现在完成时讲述分享的故事。 use...to tell... 不定式作目的状语；stories of sharing 分享的故事。
share my thoughts on how to get along with others. 分享我对如何与人相处的看法。 share my thoughts on 分享对…… 的看法；how to get along with others 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语。
I still need to improve: 我仍需改进之处： need to do 需要做；improve 提高、改进。
第二部分：课本题目参考答案及详解
Page 2 — Starting out（名言与图片问题）
题目 参考答案 详解
1 What are the quotes about They are about how to get along with others / relationships / treating others well.
2 Which quote do you agree with most Why I agree with Confucius' quote most because we should treat others the way we want to be treated. 鼓励学生结合自身经历说明理由，可用 I agree with... because... 结构。
Do you have any problems in getting along with others Yes, sometimes I argue with my friends about small things. / No, I get along well with everyone.
Can you share one with the class Sometimes my friend and I disagree about where to go after school. 注意用 disagree about 表达 “在…… 上有分歧”。
Page 3 — Understanding ideas（读前预测）
题目 参考答案 详解
Predict what the passage is about. Use the words to help you. It may be about a selfish giant who does not let children play in his garden. Spring does not come to his garden because of his selfishness. 预测性回答。根据关键词 garden、selfish、children、spring 推测故事内容。
Read the passage. What does the Giant do to his garden He closes the gate, builds a high wall around it, and does not let children play there. Later he knocks down the wall. 课文理解题。第一问对应第 3 段（关门、筑墙），第 8 段（推倒墙）。
Page 5 — Understanding ideas（读后选择与填空）
选择题
题目 答案 详解
Choose the message of the passage. c Shared joy is a double joy. 故事主旨：巨人自私独占花园→春天不来；巨人分享花园→春天回归。选项 a “不与自私的人交朋友” 和 b “愤怒导致不快乐” 均偏离主题。
填空题（阅读任务卡）
题号 答案 详解
1 angry 原文第 2 段：shouts in a very angry voice。
2 spring 原文第 3-4 段：Since then... spring has not come。
3 looks outside 原文第 6 段：looks outside。
4 selfish 原文第 7 段：How selfish I've been!
5 knocks down 原文第 8 段：He knocks down the wall.
6 the children 原文第 8 段：It's your garden now.（对孩子们说）
Think and share
题目 参考答案 详解
1 Why doesn't spring come to the Giant's garden Because the Giant is selfish. He keeps the children out of his garden, so spring does not come. 主题理解。春天象征快乐与生机，自私使花园失去生机。
2 Why do you think the Giant changes his mind Because he sees the children in his garden and realises that sharing brings happiness and spring. He regrets being selfish. 原文第 7 段 How selfish I've been! 表明巨人的自我反省。
3 Do you know a story with a similar message Yes, I know the story of "The Giving Tree". The tree gives everything to the boy and feels happy. 鼓励学生联系其他文学作品或个人经历。
Page 6 — Grammar（for /since 练习）
用 for 或 since 填空
题号 答案 详解
1 since Grade 3 为时间点，用 since。
2 for three years 为时间段，用 for。
3 Since last year 为时间点，用 since（句首首字母大写）。
用 for、since 或所给词的正确形式填空
题号 答案 详解
1 for the past 17 years 为时间段，用 for。
2 offers Every year 一般现在时标志，主语 he，用 offers。
3 since his 70th birthday 为时间点，用 since。
4 have been recently 与现在完成时连用，主语 people（复数），用 have been。
5 for the past four years 为时间段，用 for。
6 enjoys 一般现在时，表习惯性动作；enjoy doing 喜欢做某事。
7 since they first met 为时间状语从句，表时间点，用 since。
8 since then 为时间点，用 since。
Page 7 — Speaking（口语讨论）
此页为开放式口语活动，无固定答案。提供参考回答方向：
题目 / 要点 参考回答方向
I have shared... with... for / since... I have shared my books with my friend since Grade 7.
One day, ... One day, I lent my pen to my deskmate and she was very thankful.
Sharing really brings... Sharing really brings happiness and friendship.
How does sharing make you feel Sharing makes me feel warm and happy.
Sharing has allowed / shown / taught me... Sharing has taught me that giving is better than receiving.
It makes me feel... It makes me feel proud to help others.
Page 8 — Listening（听力选择）
题目 答案 详解
Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea. b Three friends are discussing going on a roller coaster at the weekend. 听力核心内容为三个朋友讨论周末去坐过山车。选项 a “调查最高过山车” 和 c “找出谁最勇敢” 均为细节，非主旨。
Page 9 — Listening（听力填空与情绪选择）
P9 为听力填空任务，具体填空词依赖听力音频，以下为常见答案类型，以实际听力内容为准。
题目 参考方向
补全学生关于过山车的想法 可能涉及 excited、scared、nervous、brave 等形容词。
选择正确的感受 可能选项包括 excited、afraid、worried、happy 等。
Page 10 — Listening（听后填空）& Speaking
填空
题号 答案 详解
1 unhappy make them unhappy 让他们不高兴（make + 宾语 + 形容词）。
2 heights afraid of heights 恐高（be afraid of 害怕）。
3 feelings hide your feelings 隐藏你的感受。
4 ask What if they never ask me again 如果他们再也不邀请我了怎么办？
5 other things do other things together 一起做其他事情。
6 no say no 说不、拒绝。
Speaking（表演对话）
此题为开放式口语活动，无固定答案。参考表达：
情景 参考表达
表达担忧 I'm afraid of... / I don't want to make them unhappy.
给予安慰 I'm sorry to hear that. / That sounds difficult. / I see. / They will understand you.
提出建议 You should tell them... / You can still do... / Just say no and explain why.
Page 13 — Developing ideas（读后问答）
题目 参考答案 详解
1 What do you think the title means It means that although the lane is only six chi wide, the two families became closer because of kindness and understanding. Six chi away 指巷子的宽度；closer together 指关系更亲近。
2 Why does the writer use the poem in this story The poem contains the key message of the story — it encourages people to be kind and to step back. Using the poem makes the message stronger and more believable. 诗中包含 “让他三尺又何妨” 的劝让之意，与故事主题吻合。
3 What have you learnt from the story I have learnt that kindness and understanding can solve problems. When we step back, we may get closer to others. 开放性回答，鼓励学生联系实际。
Where is Liuchixiang It is in Tongcheng, Anhui. 原文第 1 段直接信息。
What's special about it It is a famous lane that is six chi wide, and its story teaches people about kindness. 综合概括。
What did the two families argue about They argued over the dividing line between their houses. 原文第 2 段直接信息。
Who did the Zhang family ask for advice They asked Zhang Ying, their relative who worked in the government. 原文第 2 段直接信息。
What suggestion did the Zhang family receive They received a poem. The poem encouraged them to step back and not to argue over small things. 诗中含 “让他三尺又何妨” 之意。
What did the Zhang family do then They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. 原文第 3 段直接信息。
How did the Wu family behave They were moved and gave up another three chi. 原文第 3 段：moved、gave up another three chi。
What do the people of Tongcheng remember as they walk down the lane They remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 原文第 4 段直接信息。
How do you understand "as a gift" and "as time continues to drift" in the poem "As a gift" means kindness should be given freely. "As time continues to drift" means as time passes, we should always remember this lesson. 开放性理解题，鼓励学生结合诗歌主旨表达观点。
What rhymes can you find in the poem 根据具体诗歌内容回答，例如：shy / why，gift / drift 等。 需根据文中诗歌原文判断。
What's the effect of these rhymes Rhymes make the poem more beautiful and easier to remember. They also make the message more powerful. 押韵的作用：增强韵律感和可记忆性。
Page 14 — Writing（写作任务）
参考范文
Last month, my best friend Li Ming and I argued over a comic book. I wanted to read it first, but he said it was his book. We both felt angry and didn't talk to each other for a week. One day, I remembered the story of "Six-chi Lane". I felt ashamed. I decided to talk to him first. I said sorry and told him he could read the book first. To my surprise, he also said sorry and we shared the book together. We both had a good time. From this experience, I have learnt that understanding others is very important. A small step back can bring us closer together.
写作自查清单（Checklist）
自查项 参考检查方式
include people, a setting and events 检查故事是否有人物（如 Li Ming）、背景（如 last month）、事件（争吵→反思→和解）。
use the words and expressions from the reading passage 检查文中是否使用了 argue over、step back、in return、kindness 等课文词汇。
give your opinion about the importance of understanding others 检查文末是否有 I have learnt that... 或 Understanding others is important because... 等评价句。
Page 15-16 — Speaking（指南创作）& Reflection（反思）
参考指南节选
Introduction: Getting along with others is important because we always live and study with others. Good relationships make us happy and help us succeed.
Body: A common problem is arguing over small things. Sometimes you may argue over whose turn it is to clean the classroom. Perhaps you can't reach agreement on what game to play. The most important thing is to communicate and understand each other. When having an argument, we need to stay calm and listen to others. If you disagree, you should share your feelings honestly. We could choose to step back and find a compromise.
Conclusion: Better relationships will help you feel happier and more confident. It's good to see how kindness encourages more kindness.
Reflection（反思自评）
此为自我评价量表，无标准答案。学生根据自身掌握情况自评，可在 I still need to improve: 后书写改进方向，示例：
I still need to improve: the use of for and since.
I still need to improve: how to talk about my feelings in English.
I still need to improve: the pronunciation of /h/.

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