资源简介

/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026 - 2027学年八年级英语上册单元综合素养培优卷沪教版（新教材）
Unit 4 Inventions
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在指定区域，答在非答题区无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．—Is this book still available
—Sorry, it ________ out last week.
A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold
2．—Do you think the new app is ________
—Yes, it can help us learn English quickly.
A．useful B．careful C．harmful D．colourful
3．With the ________ of 5G technology, people can download videos much faster.
A．invention B．development C．creation D．wisdom
4．The invention of the Internet has made communication go ________ our imagination.
A．beyond B．across C．above D．over
5．—Do you know the story of the compass
—Yes, it ________ by Chinese people thousands of years ago.
A．discovers B．discovered C．is discovered D．was discovered
6．The invention of the Internet has made it easier for people ________ with each other.
A．communicate B．to communicate C．communicating D．communicated
7．—________ was the telephone invented by
—By Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A．When B．Where C．Who D．What
8．—Do you think this new invention is helpful
—Yes, it’s very ________ and helps us save a lot of time in cleaning.
A．practical B．useless C．boring D．expensive
9．The first paper money in China ________ over 1000 years ago and it was a great invention.
A．created B．was created C．is created D．creates
10．—What do you think of this new smart watch
—It’s ________. It can track my sleep quality and exercise data every day.
A．awful B．amazing C．common D．boring
11．The classroom ________ when we got there yesterday afternoon.
A．was cleaned B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．cleans
12．This kind of bike ________ in that factory, and it sells very well.
A．produces B．is produced C．produced D．was produced
13．The internet has a great ________ on our daily lives.
A．change B．influence C．development D．creation
14．With the ________ of 5G technology, many smart devices can work faster and more smoothly.
A．development B．agreement C．achievement D．movement
15．The old rules ________ next month to meet the new situation.
A．will be changed B．change C．changed D．are changing
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
You’re at your new school. It’s lunch time, but you don’t have anyone to sit with.
You want to 16 someone at their table, but you’re not sure if they’re friendly. What do you do Natalie’s 17 to solve the problem was to make an app. She knows what it feels like to be alone at a new school. She found it 18 to make new friends and had to look for a new table at 19 every day. If she sat by herself, she felt sad. But 20 she asked to join someone, she felt shy. She thought of a lunch planning app to help students like 21 find people to have lunch with.
The app called Sit With Us is 22 . If a student is having lunch in the afternoon, he or she can make an invitation. Other students can open the app and accept that invitation. They can then use the app to decide when and where to 23 . This helps students to make 24 online. This is the reason why it works so 25 : we don’t feel lonely anymore and we’re not shy about that.
Natalie is 26 to see that more people like her app, especially those who have 27 friends to have lunch together with. Soon after she made her app free to everyone, she won a prize for it. She 28 appeared in many news stories.
Natalie was even asked to speak at a university. In her 29 , Natalie wanted people to know that you don’t have to do something 30 to change lives. Sometimes, a simple thing—like having a friend to enjoy lunch with—can make all the difference.
16．A．help B．share C．join D．leave
17．A．way B．job C．habit D．question
18．A．important B．different C．difficult D．interested
19．A．breakfast B．lunch C．dinner D．home
20．A．so B．or C．if D．but
21．A．it B．us C．her D．them
22．A．cheap B．useless C．noisy D．simple
23．A．begin B．exercise C．work D．meet
24．A．plans B．trouble C．reports D．money
25．A．late B．well C．hard D．fast
26．A．sad B．happy C．angry D．sorry
27．A．no B．many C．good D．more
28．A．still B．just C．hardly D．also
29．A．talk B．book C．school D．picture
30．A．new B．big C．similar D．enjoyable
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
A
At the 15th National Games, a special helper slowly came into public view—a six-legged guide robot there to help blind people. It was not just a cold machine; it moved gently and worked carefully and wisely, just like a friend.
During the Games, the robot became useful “eyes” for many visitors who have trouble seeing. It could understand spoken words and lead the way safely. In busy places like stadiums and parks, the robot moved smoothly. It “saw” things in the way, such as chairs or people walking by, and quickly found a safer path. This helped blind visitors move around more easily and feel less worried.
What makes this robot special is its six legs. They help it walk well on different terrains—inside buildings, on grass, or on streets. Besides, it does not always need the internet to work. After the Games, the robot still helps people. Now it guides blind people in train stations, airports, and other public places. It can also tell users about traffic lights and help at home.
Like Easton’s story of the helping hand, this robot shows how a good idea can become helpful. Unlike (不像) expensive medical equipment, it is made to be light, safe, and not costly—something ordinary families can actually consider buying. This way, more people can use it. The robot does not just help with walking—it gives more freedom, safety, and friendship to those who need it.
In short, this six-legged guide robot was more than just a star at the National Games. It showed us a future of smart and friendly technology. This kind of technology is inexpensive and can become a part of everyday life. Now, by helping blind people in stations, airports, and even at home, it is truly making the world safer, and warmer.
31．How does the writer begin the passage
A．By describing a vivid scene. B．By asking some questions.
C．By telling an interesting story. D．By giving enough examples.
32．How did the robot help blind visitors during the Games
A．It guided them. B．It comforted them.
C．It talked to them. D．It found seats for them.
33．What does the underlined word “terrains” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Parts of buildings. B．Sizes of robots.
C．Types of ground. D．Weather conditions.
34．Why does the writer mention Easton’s story of the helping hand
A．To show that building robots is very expensive.
B．To explain how the robot’s legs were designed.
C．To give an example of another helpful machine.
D．To show how good ideas can help people in real life.
35．Which is the best title for the passage
A．A Smart but Expensive Robot B．Helping Hands at the Games
C．The Story of a Six-Legged Robot D．A Six-legged Helper for the Blind
B
There’s nothing better than an ice-cold drink on a hot day. But when you’re outside, keeping drinks cold is not easy. Wouldn’t it be great if your drink could chill (冷却) itself
Well, the Cool Can (罐) can do that! James Vyse from the UK created the self-cooling can although he was not a scientist. He used to serve drinks to customers. To create the can, Vyse spent years trying different ways. After more than 500 times, he finally succeeded.
The can starts to work when users press a button under it. The outside of the can gets cold right away, and after a few minutes, the drink inside is ice cold too. This works because of the salts inside the can’s walls. When users press the button, water comes out and reacts (反应) with the salts, making the drink inside cold.
At the press of the button, the can makes a drink from room temperature to ice-cold in two minutes. After cooling, it stays chilled for up to 45 minutes. To let users know that their drink is cold enough, the snowflake (雪花) symbol on the can turns to blue from white.
The can is fully recyclable (可回收利用的) and can be used almost anywhere. Lots of people love this idea! A study of 100 students showed 81% would choose a self-cooling can when they do outdoor activities, and that 73% would be happy to pay more money for a cold drink.
Vyse is already talking to drink makers like Coca-Cola and Red Bull. If all goes well, his cans could be on sale by 2026.
36．Who is James Vyse
A．A man who once served drinks to people. B．A famous UK scientist.
C．A drink maker from Coca-Cola. D．A student who likes cold drinks.
37．How does the Cool Can work
A．Users shake (摇) the can. B．Water inside reacts with salts.
C．People need to put the can with ice. D．The user tells it to start.
38．After pressing the button, how long does it take for the drink to become ice-cold
A．Right away. B．About 45 minutes. C．Two minutes. D．A few seconds.
39．How can users know the drink is cold enough
A．The can becomes blue outside. B．The snowflake symbol turns blue.
C．The button makes a sound. D．The outside of the can gets warm.
40．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The can can keep drinks cold for 20 minutes.
B．Most students wouldn’t pay more for cold drinks.
C．The Cool Can is only useful at home.
D．Vyse tried over 500 times before he succeeded.
C
Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican inventor, was born in 1917. As a child, he loved building things. He made electric toys when he was young. By age 12, he had built a radio with spare parts. At 13, he began studying engineering.
He was interested in a new technology of his time: television. Television works by sending pictures and sound to a screen using electrical signals. The first moving images were sent to TVs in the 1920s. Few people had TVs then, but many knew TV would be an important way to learn about the world.
Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems.
González Camarena was one of the first with a solution. In 1940, he made a “tri-chromatic” (three-color) device, which used three colors: red, blue, and green. When it was connected to a black-and-white TV, people could see color images.
The invention was a huge success. But the device was very expensive to make. He wanted everyone to have color TV, so he kept on working to make it cost less.
By the early 1960s, he invented a cheaper way to show color on TV. He called it the “Simplified Bi-color System (SBCS).” It cost much less to produce. Starting in 1965, many SBCS TVs were made and sold in Mexico.
González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children. His ideas helped create Mexico’s first educational TV network, “Telesecundaria,” which is still used today.
Guillermo González Camarena passed away on April 18, 1965. Today, he is remembered as one of Mexico’s greatest inventors.
41．Why did González Camarena invent a tri-chromatic device
A．TVs were not perfect to send sound.
B．TVs didn’t help educate children then.
C．TVs were too expensive for people to own.
D．TVs could only show black-and-white images.
42．What does the underlined word “limitations” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Special programs. B．Weak points.
C．Unclear images. D．Loud sounds.
43．What was González Camarena’s view on television
A．It should help create TV network. B．Rich people should make it cheaper.
C．It should be widely used and educational. D．There was no need to improve its technology.
44．What do you think of González Camarena according to the passage
A．A creative and caring inventor. B．A clever and friendly educator.
C．A grateful and curious inventor. D．A smart and successful educator.
45．Where can we probably find this article
A．Great Inventors in History B．How Network Works
C．Television User Guide D．The History of Television
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．The computer is one of the most ________ (power) inventions in history.
47．We must pay attention to traffic ________ (safe) when we go out.
48．Thomas Edison was a great ________ (invent) who created many things.
49．Yuan Longping was a ________ (succeed) scientist who helped solve the food problem.
50．The ________ (popular) of 5G technology is growing rapidly.
51．She spent three years ________ (研发) this new type of environment-friendly material.
52．This new machine is ________ (用来) cutting large pieces of wood.
53．We need to be ________ (有创造力的) to solve this difficult problem.
54．The smartphone has made our life much more ________ (便捷的) than before.
55．These new technologies have ________ (改变) our way of life completely.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．多运动，我们不应该过度依赖科技。
Do more sports, and we shouldn’t ________ ________ technology too much.
57．我们应该向发明家学习，并且永不放弃。
We should ________ ________ inventors and never give up.
58．发明让我们的生活比以前更便捷。
Inventions ________ our life more ________ than before.
59．研发新发明需要大量时间和努力。
It ________ much time and effort to ________ new inventions.
60．如果我们坚持尝试，我们将创造新事物。
________ we keep trying, we ________ ________ new things.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在相应横线上。
A library for the future
Will the printed book still exist in 100 years Most people might answer with a “no”. But the Future Library wants to c 61 that. In the year 2118, it will start printing paper books that n 62 has ever had the chance to read before.
The Future Library was an art project created by Scottish artist Katie Paterson. She got the i 63 while drawing tree rings in a notebook. Each ring in a tree’s trunk means one year of growth. That made her want to create a project to t 64 the present to the future.
In 2014, Paterson began planting trees in Oslo, Norway. The trees will grow for 100 years b 65 being cut down to create the paper to print the books. At the same time, she i 66 famous authors to write manuscripts (手稿) for the library. The manuscripts will be locked in glass boxes until 2114.
The goal is to collect a century’s stories and allow readers of the future to experience the changing times. She also e 67 people to enjoy a slow and peaceful life while the trees grow up slowly.
Canadian science fiction legend Margaret Atwood has just become the first author to write a book for the Future Library. “I am very p 68 and happy to be part of this project. The Future Library will attract a lot of attention over the years, as people follow the progress of the trees and try to g 69 what the writers have put into their secret boxes.” Many different writers will shape the future of art and p 70 nature with hope, smart ideas, and humor.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．伟大的发明改变世界、便利生活。请你以Great Inventions为题写一篇英语短文，介绍发明的作用、利弊以及你的感悟。
内容提示：
1. 发明的作用：便利生活、推动社会进步；
2. 发明的利弊：带来便利同时存在部分弊端；
3. 个人感悟：理性使用、学习创新精神。
要求：词数70左右，语句通顺，语法正确，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Great Inventions
Great inventions are changing our world all the time.
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【解析】句意：——这本书还有货吗？——抱歉，它上周就被卖完了。
“last week”表明要用一般过去时，排除“sells”（一般现在时）和“is sold”（一般现在时的被动语态）；“it”和“sell out”之间是被动关系（书被卖完），所以要用被动语态，“sold”是主动形式，不符合被动逻辑，“was sold”是一般过去时的被动语态，符合语境。应填was sold。
2．A
【解析】句意：——你认为这个新应用程序有用吗？——是的，它能帮助我们快速学习英语。
useful有用的；careful仔细的；harmful有害的；colourful多彩的。根据答语“it can help us learn English quickly”可知，该应用能帮助快速学习，说明是有用的。
3．B
【解析】句意：随着5G技术的发展，人们下载视频的速度快多了。
invention发明；development发展；creation创造；wisdom智慧。根据“people can download videos much faster”可知，下载速度变快是技术“发展”带来的结果，固定搭配with the development of 意为“随着……的发展”。
4．A
【解析】句意：互联网的发明使得交流超出了我们的想象。
beyond超出；across穿过；above在……上面；over在……上方。根据“The invention of the Internet has made communication go ... our imagination.”可知，互联网的发展让交流方式达到了以前无法想象的程度，固定搭配beyond one’s imagination意为“超出某人的想象”，应填beyond。
5．D
【解析】答案：D 句意：——你知道指南针的故事吗？——知道，它是数千年前由中国人发明的。
根据句中“thousands of years ago”的过去时间提示，且指南针是“被发现”的对象，应填was discovered。
6．B
【解析】句意：互联网的发明使人们彼此交流变得更容易了
固定句型“make it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“使某人做某事变得……”，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正宾语，应选to communicate。
7．C
【解析】句意：——电话是谁发明的？——由亚历山大 格雷厄姆 贝尔于1876年发明。
when什么时候；where哪里；who谁；what什么。根据“was the telephone invented by”以及“By Alexander Graham Bell”可知问句询问电话是谁发明的，因此选用疑问词Who。
8．A
【解析】句意：——你认为这项新发明有用吗？——是的，它十分实用，可以帮我们省下很多清洁的时间。
practical实用的；useless无用的；boring无聊的；expensive昂贵的。根据后文“helps us save a lot of time in cleaning”能够节省清洁时间，可知该发明很实用。
9．B
【解析】句意：中国最早的纸币诞生于一千多年以前，它是一项伟大的发明。
主语“paper money”和动词“create”之间属于被动关系；时间标志“over 1000 years ago”为过去时间，要用一般过去时的被动语态was created。
10．B
【解析】句意：——你觉得这款新智能手表怎么样？——它是令人惊叹的。它可以每天追踪我的睡眠质量和运动数据。
awful糟糕的；amazing令人惊叹的；common普通的；boring无聊的。根据“It can track my sleep quality and exercise data every day.”可知，手表能追踪睡眠和运动数据，功能强大，推测出说话者对手表的评价很高，是积极的。故选B。
11．A
【解析】 句意：昨天下午当我们到达那里时，教室被打扫了。
主语“The classroom”与动词“clean”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据“yesterday afternoon”可知是过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was cleaned。
12．B
【解析】句意：这种自行车是在那家工厂生产的，而且销量很好。
主语bike是“被生产”，后半句sells提示用一般现在时，应填is produced。
13．B
【解析】句意：互联网对我们的日常生活有很大的影响。
change改变；influence影响；development发展；creation创造。固定短语have a great influence on...意为“对……有很大影响”，符合语境。故选B。
14．A
【解析】句意：随着5G技术的发展，许多智能设备可以运行得更快、更流畅。
development发展；agreement协议；achievement成就；movement运动。结合常用固定搭配“with the development of”（随着……的发展），以及5G技术迭代升级让智能设备运行更顺畅的语境，此处应填development。
15．A
【解析】句意：旧的规章制度将于下月被修改以适应新的形势。
主语The old rules和change之间是被动关系，时间状语next month表示将来，要用一般将来时的被动语态，故选A。
16．C 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．D 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．B
【导语】本文讲述Natalie为解决新学校午餐时无人同坐的困境，开发了一款帮助交友的应用程序的故事。
【解析】16．句意：你想加入到他们那一桌，但你不确定他们是否友好。
help帮助；share分享；join加入；leave离开。根据“someone at their table”可知，此处指加入到他们那一桌，join符合语境，故选C。
17．句意：Natalie解决这个问题的办法是开发一个应用程序。
way方法；job工作；habit习惯；question问题。根据“to solve the problem”可知，此处指解决问题的方法，way符合语境，故选A。
18．句意：她发现在新学校交新朋友很难，每天午餐时都不得不找新桌子。
important重要的；different不同的；difficult困难的；interested感兴趣的。根据“had to look for a new table”可知，此处指交新朋友很难，difficult符合语境，故选C。
19．句意：她发现在新学校交新朋友很难，每天午餐时都不得不找新桌子。
breakfast早餐；lunch午餐；dinner晚餐；home家。根据前文“It’s lunch time”可知，此处指午餐时，lunch符合语境，故选B。
20．句意：但如果她请求加入别人，她又会感到害羞。
so因此；or或者；if如果；but但是。根据“she asked to join someone, she felt shy”可知，此处表示条件，if符合，故选C。
21．句意：她想出了一个午餐计划应用程序，帮助像她这样的学生找到一起吃午餐的人。
it它；us我们；her她；them他们。根据“She knows what it feels like to be alone at a new school.”可知，此处指像她这样的学生，用her指代Natalie，故选C。
22．句意：这个名为“Sit With Us”的应用程序很简单。
cheap便宜的；useless无用的；noisy吵闹的；simple简单的。根据后文“Sometimes, a simple thing—like having a friend to enjoy lunch with—can make all the difference.”可知，此处指这个应用程序很简单，simple符合语境，故选D。
23．句意：然后他们可以使用这个应用程序来决定何时何地见面。
begin开始；exercise锻炼；work工作；meet见面。根据“when and where to”可知，此处指决定何时何地见面，meet符合语境，故选D。
24．句意：这有助于学生们在网上制定计划。
plans计划；trouble麻烦；reports报告；money钱。根据“They can then use the app to decide when and where to”可知，可以使用这个应用程序来决定何时何地见面，所以学生们可以在网上制定计划。故选A。
25．句意：这就是它如此有效的原因：我们不再感到孤独，也不再为此感到害羞。
late晚的；well好；hard努力地；fast快地。根据“we don’t feel lonely anymore and we’re not shy about that.”可知，此处指这个应用程序很有效，work well“有效”，故选B。
26．句意：Natalie很高兴看到有更多人喜欢她的应用程序，尤其是那些没有朋友一起吃午餐的人。
sad伤心的；happy高兴的；angry生气的；sorry抱歉的。根据“see that more people like her app”可知，有更多人喜欢她的应用程序，Natalie应是很高兴，happy符合语境，故选B。
27．句意：Natalie很高兴看到有更多人喜欢她的应用程序，尤其是那些没有朋友一起吃午餐的人。
no没有；many许多；good好的；more更多的。根据“especially those who have...friends to have lunch together with.”可知，此处指没有朋友一起吃午餐的人，no符合语境，故选A。
28．句意：她还出现在许多新闻报道中。
still仍然；just只是；hardly几乎不；also也。根据“she won a prize for it. She...appeared in many news stories.”可知，此处指她还出现在许多新闻报道中，also符合语境，故选D。
29．句意：在她的演讲中，Natalie希望人们知道，你不必做大事来改变生活。
talk谈话；book书；school学校；picture图片。根据“Natalie was even asked to speak at a university.”可知，此处指在她的演讲中，talk符合语境。故选A。
30．句意：在她的演讲中，Natalie希望人们知道，你不必做大事来改变生活。
new新的；big大的；similar相似的；enjoyable令人愉快的。根据“Sometimes, a simple thing—like having a friend to enjoy lunch with—can make all the difference.”可知，此处指不必做大事来改变生活，big符合语境，故选B。
31．A 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在第十五届全运会上亮相的六足导盲机器人，介绍了它的功能、独特构造、使用优势，展现智能科技为视障人群带来便利，展望友好亲民的智能科技走进日常生活。
【解析】31．根据第一段“At the 15th National Games, a special helper slowly came into public view—a six-legged guide robot there to help blind people. It was not just a cold machine; it moved gently and worked carefully and wisely, just like a friend.”可知，开头描绘六足导盲机器人缓缓进入人们视野、行动轻柔如朋友的画面，通过清晰场景描写引入说明对象。
32．根据第二段可知，机器人可以听懂语音指令、安全引路，识别障碍物并规划安全路线，也就是为视障人群引路导航。
33．根据“They help it walk well on different terrains—inside buildings, on grass, or on streets.”可知，建筑物内、草地上、街道上，均为不同地面环境，因此单词含义为“各类地面/地形”。
34．根据第四段“Like Easton’s story of the helping hand, this robot shows how a good idea can become helpful.”可知，两者道理一致，说明好的创意能够在现实生活中帮助人们。
35．全文围绕专为视障人群设计的六足导盲辅助机器人展开，D选项“A Six-legged Helper for the Blind”精准概括文章核心内容。
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人James Vyse发明的自冷却易拉罐Cool Can，介绍了它的研发过程、工作原理、使用反馈以及后续商业化推进计划。
【解析】36．第二段给出人物信息：“James Vyse from the UK created the self-cooling can...He used to serve drinks to customers”，这直接说明James Vyse是一位曾经为顾客提供饮品的人。
37．第三段说明工作原理：“This works because of the salts inside the can’s walls. When users press the button, water comes out and reacts with the salts, making the drink inside cold”，这直接说明Cool Can依靠流出的水和罐内的盐发生反应实现制冷。
38．第四段给出制冷耗时：“At the press of the button, the can makes a drink from room temperature to ice-cold in two minutes”，这直接说明按下按钮后，饮品两分钟就能降到冰爽的温度。
39．第四段给出状态提示方式：“To let users know that their drink is cold enough, the snowflake symbol on the can turns to blue from white”，这直接说明罐身的雪花标识会由白变蓝，以此告知用户饮品已经足够冰爽。
40．第二段给出研发细节：“To create the can, Vyse spent years trying different ways. After more than 500 times, he finally succeeded”，这直接说明Vyse在研发成功前尝试了超500次，该表述符合原文事实。
41．D 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的成长经历，讲述他不断钻研，发明色彩显示设备推动彩色电视发展，还助力打造墨西哥教育电视网络的故事。
【解析】41．根据第三段“Early televisions had many limitations. They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones. Because of this, many inventors worked to solve these problems.”以及第四段“González Camarena was one of the first with a solution.”可知，早期电视只能显示黑白图像，这是主要局限，Camarena发明三色装置是为了解决这个问题。
42．根据第三段划线词后的句子“They could only show black-and-white images, not color ones.”可知，这是在说明早期电视的不足之处。因此“limitations”意为“局限性”或“缺点”，与Weak points意思相近。
43．根据第五段“He wanted everyone to have color TV”可知他希望电视被广泛使用；根据第七段“González Camarena also believed that TV was important to educate children.”可知他认为电视应具有教育意义。综合可知他认为电视应被广泛使用且具有教育性。
44．通读全文可知，Camarena发明了彩色电视装置，体现了他的创造性（creative）；他希望每个人都能拥有彩色电视并重视儿童教育，体现了他的关怀之心（caring）；文章最后提到他被视为伟大的发明家（inventor）。
45．本文主要介绍了墨西哥发明家Guillermo González Camarena的生平、发明成就及其理念，属于人物传记类文章。因此最可能出现在“历史上的伟大发明家”（Great Inventors in History）这类栏目或书籍中。
46．powerful
【解析】句意：电脑是历史上最强大的发明之一。“one of the most +形容词+可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”；此处修饰名词inventions需要使用形容词，power是名词，其形容词形式为powerful，意为“强大的”，因此应填powerful。
47．safety
【解析】句意：我们外出时必须注意交通安全。traffic为定语，后面需要接名词；safe是形容词，其名词形式safety意为“安全”，traffic safety表示“交通安全”，因此应填safety。
48．inventor
【解析】句意：托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，他创造了很多东西。主语是“Thomas Edison”，great为形容词，因此，空处需要填入表人的形容词；invent是动词，意为“发明”，对应的指人的名词inventor表示“发明家”，符合语境。
49．successful
【解析】句意：袁隆平是一位成功的科学家，他帮助解决了粮食问题。空格修饰名词scientist，需要使用形容词；succeed是动词，意为“成功”，其形容词形式successful表示“成功的”，因此应填successful。
50．popularity
【解析】句意：5G技术的普及程度正在迅速提升。句中定冠词The和介词of之间需要填入名词作句子主语，形容词popular对应的名词形式是popularity，表示“普及、流行度”，故填popularity。
51．developing
【解析】句意：她花了三年时间研发这种新型环保材料。根据中文提示，develop“研发”符合题意，spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，因此填动名词developing。
52．used for
【解析】句意：这台新机器是用来切割大块木材的。固定搭配be used for doing sth.“被用来做某事”，正好对应题干里的中文提示“用来”，后面也搭配了动名词cutting，完全符合结构要求。
53．creative
【解析】句意：我们需要发挥创造力来解决这个难题。根据中文提示，creative“有创造力的”符合题意，形容词作表语。
54．convenient
【解析】句意：智能手机让我们的生活比以前便捷得多。more后面加形容词原级构成比较级，convenient意为“便捷的”，故填convenient。
55．changed
【解析】句意：这些新技术已经彻底改变了我们的生活方式。句中有助动词have，说明本句是现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词。根据汉语提示，表示“改变”的常用动词是change，它的过去分词是changed。
56．depend on
【解析】原句中“依赖”是关键词，“依赖”对应的英语为动词短语depend on，shouldn’t是情态动词should not的缩写，其后必须接动词原形。
57．learn from
【解析】原句中“向……学习”是关键词，表示“向……学习”的短语是learn from。情态动词should后接动词原形，第一空填learn；搭配介词from构成完整短语，第二空填from。故填learn；from。
58．make convenient
【解析】]原句中“让……更便捷”是关键词，对应的英文结构为“make+宾语+形容词（作宾补）”，表示“使……变得……”。本句为一般现在时，主语“Inventions”为复数，谓语动词用原形“make”；“convenient”为形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明“our life”的状态。故填make；convenient。
59．takes develop/create
【解析】原句中“需要花费”和“研发”是关键词，固定句型“It takes+时间/精力+to do sth.”表示“做某事需要花费……”，本句主语It为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词使用takes；不定式符号to后接动词原形，表示“研发”用develop或create。故填takes；develop/create。
60．If will create
【解析】原句中“如果”和“将创造”是关键词，英文中if“如果”引导条件状语从句，位于句首首字母大写，故填If；“创造”对应动词create，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，即will create。
61．
change/hange 62．
nobody/obody 63．
idea/dea 64．
tie/ie 65．
before/efore 66．
invited/nvited 67．
encourages/ncourages 68．
proud/roud 69．
guess/uess 70．
protect/rotect
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了苏格兰艺术家凯蒂·帕特森发起的一个名为“未来图书馆”的艺术项目，该项目旨在通过种植树木并在100年后用这些树木造纸来印刷未曾公开的书籍，以此连接现在与未来，并鼓励人们享受慢节奏的生活。
【解析】61．句意：但是未来图书馆想要改变这一点。want to do something意为“想要做某事”，设空处应填动词原形；根据首字母及前文“大多数人认为100年后纸质书不存在了”及后文该项目的做法可知，未来图书馆想要“改变”这一现状，结合首字母c填入change意为“改变”。
62．句意：在2118年，它将开始印刷以前没有人有机会读过的纸质书。设空处在定语从句中作主语；根据语境可知，这些书是100年后才印刷出来的，所以以前“没有人”读过，结合首字母n，nobody意为“没有人”，是不定代词符合句意。
63．句意：她在笔记本上画年轮时得到了这个想法。设空处作动词“got”的宾语，前面有定冠词“the”修饰，应填名词；根据语境可知，画年轮让她产生了创立这个项目的“想法”或“主意”，结合首字母i，idea意为“想法，主意”，此处用单数形式。
64．句意：那让她想创造一个项目把现在和未来联系起来。设空处作目的状语，动词不定式符号“to”后接动词原形；根据语境及搭配“…the present to the future”可知，此处表示把现在和未来“联系”在一起，结合首字母t，tie…to…意为“把……和……联系/系在一起”符合用法。故填tie。
65．句意：树木要生长一百年，才会被砍伐，用来制造纸张印刷书籍。设空处后接动名词短语“being cut down”，介词后可搭配动名词，因此此处填介词；根据语境，树木要先生长满一百年才会遭到砍伐，砍伐的动作发生在百年生长这件事之后，对应介词before（在…… 之前），结合首字母b，填入before。
66．句意：同时，她邀请著名作家为图书馆写手稿。设空处作谓语；根据前文“In 2014, Paterson began...”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时；结合首字母i，invite意为“邀请”，其过去式为invited。
67．句意：她也鼓励人们在树木缓慢生长时享受缓慢而平静的生活。设空处作谓语；根据前句“The goal is…”可知，此处描述的是该项目现在的普遍意义或目的，应使用一般现在时；主语“She”为第三人称单数，结合首字母e，encourage表示“鼓励”应变为encourages。
68．句意：我非常自豪和高兴能成为这个项目的一部分。设空处作表语，与“happy”并列，应填形容词；根据语境可知，成为这个有意义项目的第一位作家，她感到非常“自豪”，结合首字母p填入proud意为“自豪的，骄傲的”。
69．句意：人们关注树木的生长进度，并试图猜测作家们在秘密盒子里放了什么。try to do something意为“试图做某事”，设空处应填动词原形；根据语境可知，手稿被锁在盒子里，所以人们只能去“猜测”里面的内容，结合首字母g填入guess意为“猜测”。
70．句意：许多不同的作家将用希望、聪明的想法和幽默来塑造艺术的未来并保护自然。设空处与前面的“shape”并列，作谓语，应填动词原形；根据语境及宾语“nature”（自然）可知，此处表示“保护”自然，结合首字母p填入protect意为“保护”。
71．例文
Great Inventions
Great inventions are changing our world all the time.
Great inventions make our life easier and push society forward. For example, smartphones help us communicate conveniently and learn new knowledge quickly. However, every coin has two sides. Spending too much time on phones is bad for our health and reduces face-to-face communication.
In my opinion, we should use inventions wisely. We also need to learn the creative and persistent spirit of inventors and try to make small useful inventions in our life.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：议论文，一般现在时为主
明确要点：发明的作用（便利生活、推动社会进步）； 发明的利弊（带来便利同时存在部分弊端）；个人感悟（理性使用、学习创新精神）
确定人称：第一人称(I/we)
注意事项：要点齐全；词数70左右
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：给定开头，概括发明的意义（一直在改变世界）
主体段：点明发明的作用（便利生活、推动社会进步）；说明发明的利弊（带来便利同时存在部分弊端）
结尾段：表达个人感悟（理性使用、学习创新精神 ）
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：发明的作用
make our daily lives much easier/push society forward/bring us great convenience/bring great changes to the world等
要点二：发明的利弊
利：help us communicate conveniently/learn new knowledge quickly/offer us more ways to learn and relax/shorten the distance between people/save people lots of time等
弊：Spending too much time on phones is bad for our health and reduces face-to-face communication./make some people lazy/lose some basic skills/spend much time online and seldom talk with family等
要点三：个人感悟
use inventions wisely/make good use of advantages and avoid disadvantages/learn the creative and persistent spirit/try to make small useful inventions/keep thinking and trying new things等
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑