资源简介

译林版（新教材）八年级上册Unit 3 To be a good learner语法讲练
副词比较级与最高级、反身代词
核心语法1：副词比较级与最高级
知识点1 核心语法讲解
一、基础定义与使用场景
副词比较级、最高级用来修饰动词，体现动作程度高低。
1. 比较级：用于两者之间对比，译为“更……”，句中常搭配标志词 than；
2. 最高级：用于三者及以上之间对比，译为“最……”。
注：形容词最高级前的 `the` 不可省略；副词最高级前的 `the` 口语中可省略，正式书面写作建议保留。
二、副词比较级、最高级变形规则
分类 变化规则 原级 比较级 最高级 补充说明
规则变化 单音节副词直接加-er/-est fast 快地 faster fastest /
词尾为不发音e，加-r/-st late 晚地 later latest /
辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est early 早地 earlier earliest 元音字母+y结尾，直接加 - er/-est。 例：gay → gayer
多音节副词（大多-ly结尾）前加more/most quickly 快地 more quickly most quickly /
不规则变化 无固定规则，单独记忆 well 好地 better best /
badly 差地 worse worst /
far 远地 farther /further farthest /furthest farther：侧重物理意义上的远（距离远）； further：侧重抽象概念上的远（深造、进一步）
little 少地 less least 修饰动词、不可数名词
知识点2 修饰比较级的程度副词
much / a little / even / far / still 可放在比较级前加强程度；very不能修饰比较级。
例句：He runs much faster than before.
解析：much修饰比较级faster，表示“快得多”
知识点3 单元必考固定句型
1. 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越……
He runs faster and faster.
解析：同一比较级重复，表程度持续变化
2. The + 比较级，the + 比较级 越……，就越……
The harder you study, the better you will learn.
解析：前后两句都用比较级，存在条件对应关系
知识点4 最高级的范围限定词
副词最高级必须搭配范围，区分两组介词：
- `in + 地点单数`（in our class 在我们班）
- `of + 人/物复数`（of all students 在所有学生中）
例句：He works hardest in our class.
知识点5 易混副词辨析与变形特例
(1) hard vs hardly
- hard 副词：努力地，有比较级harder、最高级hardest
例：He works hard every day.
- hardly 副词：几乎不，无比较级、最高级，和hard词义无关
例：I hardly watch TV.
(2) often变形特例
more often = oftener；most often = oftenest，两种写法考试均认可
核心语法2：反身代词
知识点1 核心语法讲解
反身代词指代句子主语自身，翻译“……自己”；单数词尾-self，复数词尾-selves。
人称分类 单数 复数 构成规律 例句与考点解析
第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 形容词性物主代词 + self/selves I hurt myself. 考点：和主语I对应，作动词宾语
第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 形容词性物主代词 + self/selves You should look after yourself. 考点：单数主语用yourself，复数主语用yourselves
第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们自己 人称代词宾格 + self/selves The little boy taught himself English. The cat washed itself. 考点：himself/herself/itself需根据主语性别/属性选择
记忆技巧：一二人称用“物主代词+self”，第三人称用“宾格+self”；复数一律变ves。
知识点2 反身代词三大句法功能
1. 作宾语（动词/介词后，最高频考点）
动词宾语：She introduced herself.
介词宾语：He often talks to himself.
2. 作同位语，放主语后或句末，加强“亲自”语气
I myself finished homework. = I finished homework myself.
3. 作表语，放be动词后，表示主语状态 （阅读常考）
He is not himself today.
解析：固定表达，意为“状态不好”
知识点3 课内必考固定搭配
短语 中文含义
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help oneself 随便取用食物/饮品
teach oneself 自学
by oneself 独自、无人帮忙
look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
lose oneself in 沉浸于……
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
知识点4 易混短语对比辨析（oneself vs by oneself）
- oneself：强调亲自完成，身边可以有其他人
例：I cooked dinner myself.
翻译：晚饭是我亲手做的（有人在场）
- by oneself：强调独自完成，全程无他人协助
例：I cooked dinner by myself.
翻译：我一个人做完了晚饭
知识点5 高频易错警示
1. 人称、单复数必须和主语保持一致
She hurt himself. She hurt herself.
2. 不可单独充当主语
Myself finished the task. I finished the task myself.
3. 书写规范：必须连写，不能拆分
my self myself
4. 不定代词搭配规则
everyone/everybody作主语，统一搭配themselves
例：Everyone should believe themselves.
考点精练
一、单项选择（共30小题）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．You can buy clothes _______ in Mary’s Store.
A．the cheapest B．the most cheaply C．the most cheap D．the cheapliest
( )2．The _______ you learn, the better you will learn.
A．wise B．wiser C．more wisely D．most wisely
( )3．The ________ he smokes, the ________ he will be.
A．more; better B．more; worse C．most; worst D．worse; more
( )4．The ________ you walk, the ________ sights you can see along the road.
A．slower; less B．more slowly; more
C．more slowly; less D．slower; fewer
( )5．The fox is caught in a trap (陷阱). ________ it moves, ________ its left leg hurts.
A．The more; the more badly B．The more; the worse
C．The much; the more badly D．The much; the worse
( )6．It rained ________ than five minutes ago. We had to wait in the shopping mall.
A．heavily B．more heavily C．the more heavily D．the most heavily
( )7．With the help of AI, teachers work much ________ than they used to.
A．easily B．less easily C．more easily D．most easily
( )8．China’s new high-speed train can run ________ than the old ones.
A．much fast B．more faster C．much faster D．more fast
( )9．Although Mr. Wang is already in his sixties, he exercises ________ than many young people.
A．regularly B．more regularly C．most regularly D．the most regularly
( )10．The robot Flash ran ________ than human runners in the 2026 Beijing half-marathon, making AI technology so amazing.
A．quick B．quicker C．quickly D．more quickly
( )11．—Does Lily jump ______ of all the students in her class
—No. Lucy can jump even ______.
A．farthest; farther B．farther; farther C．farther; farthest D．farthest; farthest
( )12．I’m much ________ than my two friends, but I jump _____________ of us three.
A．taller; higher B．shorter; higher C．shorter; highest D．taller; highest
( )13．Tom lives ________ to school of all my classmates.
A．the most close B．the closest C．closer D．close
( )14．My little sister is much ________ than me, but she eats more ________ than I do.
A．short; healthy B．shorter; healthily C．shorter; healthy D．short; healthily
( )15．—What do you think is the meaning of “欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”
—________ you stand, ________ you will see.
A．Higher, farther B．Higher, the farther
C．The higher, farther D．The higher, the farther
( )16．—Do children like to play with snow
—Of course. The harder it snows, the ________ they will play.
A．happy B．happier C．more happily D．happily
( )17．Tom is good at playing basketball and he always plays ________ than us.
A．careful B．more careful C．carefully D．more carefully
( )18．—As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.
—I think so. ________ we study now, ________ future we’ll have.
A．The hard, the good B．The harder, the better
C．The hardest, the best D．The hard, the best
( )19．Everyone should learn how to protect ________ in natural disasters.
A．himself B．herself C．oneself D．themselves
( )20．The blind man can’t go anywhere by ________, so the guide dog helps ________ a lot.
A．him; his B．himself; he C．himself; him D．him; himself
( )21．I made the cake by ________. Help ________, Tom.
A．me; himself B．myself; yourself C．myself; me D．me; him
( )22．Mr. Li teaches ________ Maths and we teach ________ how to learn better.
A．our; ourself B．our; ourselves C．us; ourselves D．us; ourself
( )23．—Don’t worry about ________. I can look after ________ well.
—OK. I’ll let you do it alone.
A．me; me B．myself; me C．me; myself D．myself; myself
( )24．Boys, don’t lose ________ in playing games. It is bad for your eyes to stare at the screen for a long time.
A．yourselves B．yourself C．themselves D．ourself
( )25．Fast food ________ isn’t always bad for you, but eating too much of it is not good.
A．yourself B．itself C．myself D．themselves
( )26．Peter gave ________ a baby dog to look after, but the dog hurt _______ when it fell from the tree.
A．me; it B．myself; itself C．me; itself D．myself; it
( )27．This is ________ one-month-old baby. The baby can’t look after ________ .
A．a； herself B．an； herself C．a； itself D．an； itself
( )28．The book on the shelf is _______. She wrote _______ name on its cover _______.
A．hers; her; herself B．her; hers; herself
C．herself; her; hers D．her; herself; herself
( )29．—Did you ________ at the birthday party
—Yes, we had a great time.
A．enjoy you B．enjoy yourself C．enjoy yourselves D．enjoy your
( )30．— I can’t believe Jim got first in the competition.
— As you know, God helps those who help ________ .
A．yourself B．himself C．yourselves D．themselves
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共20小题）
1．The busier he is, the ________ (happily) he lives.
2．Can you pick me up ________ (late) than usual time this afternoon
3．Things with deep meaning can be remembered ________ (long) than simple words.
4．He is my favorite singer and I think no one can sing ________ (well) than him.
5．The owner of the restaurant made ________ (little) money last year than before because of COVID-19.
6．I am on duty on Friday, so I often get up ________ (early) than usual.
7．The old man walks ________（slowly）than the young man.
8．Though the little girl is only five years old, she can dress ________ (she).
9．They enjoyed learning how to work out the problems by ________ (them).
10．At the 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, the robot ________ (it) did kung fu..
11．We should learn to do everything by ________ (our) when we grow up.
12．We are old enough to take care of ________ (we) at school now.
13．When there is no one to ask for help, we should depend on ________ (us).
14．The students enjoyed ________ (they) and learned a lot in the labor class.
15．I can make a cake by ________ (me). I learned it from my mother last week.
16．Jason is crazy about playing computer games. He always loses ________（him）in playing them.
17．Sandy listened intently (专心地) to the classical music, losing ________ (her) in its beauty.
18．When I fell and hurt ________ (I), my mother encouraged me to stand up and gave me a hug.
19．Boys and girls, never touch these machines, or you will hurt ________ (you).
20．The boy is clever enough to teach ________ (he) how to use computers.答案解析
一、单项选择（30题）
1. 答案：B。解析：修饰动词buy要用副词cheaply；三者以上范围用最高级，cheaply为多音节副词，最高级为most cheaply，副词最高级前可加the。A形容词最高级不能修饰动词；C变形错误；D无cheapliest变形。
2. 答案：C。解析：固定句型The+比较级，the+比较级；修饰动词learn用副词wisely，比较级more wisely。A原级形容词；B形容词比较级；D最高级，均不符合句型与词性要求。
3. 答案：B。解析：The+比较级，the+比较级；smokes多抽烟用more；抽烟越多身体越差，badly比较级worse。C最高级不可用；D逻辑顺序颠倒。
4. 答案：B。解析：walk是动词，用副词slowly比较级more slowly修饰；sight可数名词复数，many比较级more表示“更多风景”。A slower是形容词，less修饰不可数；C逻辑错误；D slower词性错误。
5. 答案：B。解析：move动词，much比较级more；hurt动词，badly比较级worse。A badly无more badly；C much是原级不能放the后；D前后比较级搭配错误。
6. 答案：B。解析：标志词than表两者比较，rain动词用副词heavily，比较级more heavily；比较级不加the。A原级；C多加the；D最高级，均排除。
7. 答案：C。解析：than提示比较级，work动词用easily比较级more easily；句意：AI帮助下老师工作比以前轻松得多。A原级；B语义“更不轻松”不符；D最高级。
8. 答案：C。解析：than用比较级fast-faster；much可修饰比较级加强程度。A fast无比较级；more不能修饰比较级；D变形错误。
9. 答案：B。解析：than提示比较级，exercise动词用副词regularly，比较级more regularly。A原级；C、D最高级，无三者对比范围。
10. 答案：D。解析：than表比较，run动词用副词quickly，比较级more quickly。A形容词原级；B形容词比较级；C副词原级，均错。
11. 答案：A。解析：第一空of all students三者以上用最高级farthest；第二空even修饰比较级farther，表跑得更远。B、C第二空最高级；D两空均最高级，不符合第二空两者对比。
12. 答案：C。解析：第一空than my two friends两者对比，形容词short比较级shorter；第二空of us three三者以上，副词high最高级highest修饰jump。A第一空语义高，逻辑矛盾；B第二空缺少最高级；D第一空语义矛盾。
13. 答案：B。解析：of all my classmates三者以上范围，close副词最高级the closest。A变形错误，close单音节直接加st；C比较级无than；D原级无范围。
14. 答案：B。解析：第一空than me用形容词short比较级shorter；第二空eats动词用副词healthily修饰。A、C第二空形容词；D第一空原级，均错误。
15. 答案：D。解析：固定句型The+比较级，the+比较级；stand动词搭配high副词比较级the higher；see搭配far副词比较级the farther。缺少两个the均不符合句型规则。
16. 答案：C。解析：The+比较级，the+比较级；play动词，用副词happily比较级more happily修饰。A原级；B形容词比较级不能修饰动词；D原级。
17. 答案：D。解析：than us两者对比，play动词用副词carefully，比较级more carefully。A、B形容词；C副词原级，无比较含义。
18. 答案：B。解析：固定句型The+比较级，the+比较级；study用hard比较级harder，future用good比较级better。A、C、D均出现原级/最高级，不匹配句型。
19. 答案：D。解析：主语everyone不定代词，反身代词统一用themselves。A、B仅限单一性别；C oneself不能对应复数不定代词主语。
20. 答案：C。解析：by oneself固定搭配独自，主语the man对应himself；helps动词后用人称宾格him作宾语。A、D第一空无反身代词；B第二空主格he不能作宾语。
21. 答案：B。解析：by myself独自，主语I对应myself；Help yourself固定短语随便吃，称呼Tom单数用yourself。A、D第一空宾格me不能搭配by；C第二空me不符合固定搭配。
22. 答案：C。解析：teach后接双宾语，teach us Maths教我们数学；we作主语，by ourselves我们自己。A、B第一空形容词性物主代词our不能作宾语；D ourself拼写错误，复数为ourselves。
23. 答案：C。解析：worry about介词后用人称宾格me；look after后用反身代词myself，主语I对应myself。A两空均宾格，第二空缺少反身代词；B顺序颠倒；D第一空无需反身代词。
24. 答案：A。解析：Boys复数称呼，lose oneself in固定搭配沉浸于，复数反身代词yourselves。B单数；C第三人称；D拼写错误ourself。
25. 答案：B。解析：主语fast food单数事物，反身代词itself作同位语表快餐本身。A你自己；C我自己；D他们自己，人称不匹配。
26. 答案：C。解析：gave动词后宾格me作间接宾语；the dog动物单数，hurt itself弄伤自己。B第一空无需反身代词；A第二空it不能表自身；D两项均错误。
27. 答案：C。解析：one辅音音素开头，不定冠词a；baby婴儿无明确性别，用itself指代事物自身。B an错误；A herself指代女性，无性别提示不用。
28. 答案：A。解析：第一空名词性物主代词hers=her book；第二空name前形容词性物主代词her；第三空herself作同位语亲自。B、C、D物主代词与反身代词混用，词性错误。
29. 答案：C。解析：固定搭配enjoy oneself玩得开心；答句we复数，对应yourselves。A、D无反身代词；B单数yourself，与we复数不匹配。
30. 答案：D。解析：固定谚语God helps those who help themselves天助自助者；先行词those复数人，反身代词themselves。A、C第二人称；B单数，均不匹配先行词。
二、用所给单词适当形式填空（20题）
1. 答案：happier。解析：固定句型The+比较级，the+比较级；live动词用副词happily，比较级happier。
2. 答案：later。解析：标志词than提示比较级，late副词比较级later。
3. 答案：longer。解析：than表两者对比，remember动词用long副词比较级longer。
4. 答案：better。解析：than提示比较级，sing动词用well不规则比较级better。
5. 答案：less。解析：than比较级，money不可数名词，little比较级less更少。
6. 答案：earlier。解析：than usual对比，get up动词用early比较级earlier。
7. 答案：more slowly。解析：than提示比较级，walk动词，slowly多音节副词，比较级more slowly。
8. 答案：herself。解析：dress oneself自己穿衣服；主语the little girl女孩，对应反身代词herself。
9. 答案：themselves。解析：by oneself独自，主语they复数，反身代词themselves。
10. 答案：itself。解析：robot机器单数事物，反身代词itself作同位语，机器人自己表演功夫。
11. 答案：ourselves。解析：by oneself独自，主语we，对应ourselves。
12. 答案：ourselves。解析：take care of oneself照顾自己，主语we复数用ourselves。
13. 答案：ourselves。解析：depend on oneself依靠自己，主语we搭配ourselves。
14. 答案：themselves。解析：enjoy oneself玩得开心，主语students复数用themselves。
15. 答案：myself。解析：by myself独自，主语I对应myself。
16. 答案：himself。解析：lose oneself in沉浸于，主语Jason男生单数，himself。
17. 答案：herself。解析：lose oneself in沉醉于音乐，主语Sandy女生，herself。
18. 答案：myself。解析：hurt oneself弄伤自己，主语I对应myself。
19. 答案：yourselves。解析：称呼Boys and girls复数，hurt yourselves伤到你们自己。
20. 答案：himself。解析：teach oneself自学，主语the boy男生单数，himself。

展开更多......

收起↑