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【知识分享】易错避坑！初中英语 35 组核心易混词汇辨析
1. happen , take place
二者都有“发生”的意思。
happen：偶然发生、碰巧发生；常用句式 It happens that…
It happens that I am free today. 恰好今天我没有事。
take place：事先计划、安排好发生，无偶然性，常指活动、会议、事件举办。
The sports meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下周五举行。
2. must, have to
must：主观上必须；否定式 mustn’t 禁止、绝不允许
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
have to：客观条件不得不；否定式 don’t/doesn’t have to 不必
My father had to work when he was ten years old.
注：must 表推测只用于肯定句；否定推测用 can’t。
3. arrive , reach , get to
三者都有“到达”之意。
reach（及物动词）+ 地点，直接接宾语；
They reached Tianjin yesterday.
arrive（不及物）：大地点用 in，小地点用 at
We arrived in Beijing / at the station.
get to 口语常用，后接地点，地点为 here/there/home 时省略to。
When did you get home
4. because , because of
二者均表示“因为”。
because（连词）+ 完整句子
We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨，我们呆在家。
because of（介词短语）+ 名词、代词、动名词
We stayed at home because of the rain.因为下雨，我们呆在家。
5. in front of, in the front of
in front of：在物体外部前面；反义词是behind(在……的后面)。
He walked in front of me.他走在我的前面。
in the front of：在物体内部的前部；反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。
There is a big desk and a blackboard in the front of our classroom。我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。
6. look , see , watch
三者都有“看”的意思。
look：强调 “看” 这个动作过程
I looked, but saw nothing. 我看了，但什么也没看见。
see：强调看见的结果
see a film看电影；see a play看戏(话剧)
watch：专注观看动态画面，比赛、电视、表演。
watch a football match看足球比赛；watch TV看电视
7. sometime，sometimes，some time，some times
sometime：某个时候（过去 / 将来）
I saw him sometime in May.
some time：一段时间
I’ll be away for some time.
sometimes：有时候（频度副词）
Sometimes I help my mother with housework.
some times：几次、几倍
I have been there some times.
8. how long, how often, how far, how soon
how long：多久（时长 / 物体长度），用 for + 时间段回答
How long do you stay in Beijing every year 每年你在北京住多久
how often：多久一次，提问动作发生频率，答语通常是always，usually，often，sometimes，once/twice a day/month等。
How often do you get to school very early 你多久早到校一次
how far：多远，提问距离
How far is that 那有多远
how soon：还要多久，用于将来时，用 in + 时间段回答
-How soon can you finish the work 还要多久你能完成这项工作
-In half an hour.半小时后。
9. agree with，agree to，agree on
agree with + 人 / 观点；还可表示（气候、食物）适合
The climate doesn’t agree with him.
agree to + 计划、建议、方案
I agree to your plan.
agree on：双方就某事达成共识
We agreed on the travel time.
10. across , cross, crossing, through, past
cross（动词）= go across（介词）横穿路面
Look, both ways before you cross the road.
across：从物体表面穿过
He walked across the field.
through：从物体内部、空间中间穿过
The ball went through the window.
past：从旁边经过
Will you be going past my house on your way home
crossing：名词，十字路口、人行横道
All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing.
11. on，in，with，by
on：通过媒体、电话、交通工具
talk on the phone
in：使用某种语言、材料（墨水）
in English
with：借助具体工具
write with a pen
by + 交通工具（零冠词）
by bus
12. at, on, in
at，on，in三者都可以表示"在……的时候"。
at + 具体时刻、节日
I get up at six o'clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。
on + 具体某一天、某天早中晚。有形容词修饰早中晚一律用 on。
on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936.
in + 年、月、季节、泛指早中晚
in September , in the morning , in the afternoon
13. few, a few; little , a little
虽然都表示“少”。
可数：few（几乎没有，否定）；a few（有一些，肯定）
She has a few Chinese friends, doesn't she 他有几位中国朋友，是吗
She has few Chinese friends, does she 他几乎没有几位中国朋友，是吗
不可数：little（几乎没有，否定）；a little（有一点，肯定）
They have a little ink, don't they 他们有一点墨水，是吗
They have little ink, do they 他们几乎没有墨水，是吗
14. not … until, until
until：主句延续性动词，动作持续到某个时间
I study hard until it is midnight every day.
not…until：主句短暂性动词，直到…… 才
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
15. spend, pay, cost, take
spend：人作主语，spend time/money on sth / (in) doing
I spend ten yuan on the book.
She spent two hours in drawing the house.
pay：人作主语，pay money for sth
I paid 50 yuan for the clothes.
cost：物作主语，某物花费多少钱
It cost us five dollars.
take：固定句型 It takes sb time to do sth
It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day.
16. too much, too many, much too
too many + 可数名词复数
She ate too many biscuits yesterday morning.
too much + 不可数名词
There is too much milk in the basket.
much too + 形容词 / 副词（太……）
He runs much too quickly.
17. after , in
after + 时间段：多用于一般过去时
He came back after two days.
after + 时间点：可用于将来时
He will leave after 4 o’clock.
in + 时间段：以现在为起点，将来多久之后，常用于将来时态的句子。
You will get the result in a week.
18. ago, before
ago：以现在为起点，一般过去时
I met him three years ago.
before：以过去某个时间为起点，多用于过去完成时
I had met him three years before.
19. alone, lonely
alone：独自一人（客观状态，只作表语）
Though I am alone, I am not lonely.虽然我孤独一人，但我并不感到寂寞。
lonely：内心孤独、荒凉偏僻（可作定语、表语）
He was taken to a lonely house.他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。
20. also , either , too , as well
also：肯定句，放实义动词前 be 动词后
You study English and I also study it.
too /as well：肯定句句末
You are a student and I am a student, too.
You know the way and I know it as well.
either：否定句句末
You don't study English and I don't study it either.
21. as，when，while
when：可接短暂性 / 延续性动词
When the teacher came in, the students stood up.
while：只能接延续性动词，从句常用进行时
Don’t talk while you are eating.
as：强调一边…… 一边，两个动作同步进行
She sang as she walked.
22. begin，start
二者均可表示“开始”。
一般可以通用，但start较为口语化。
It has begun(started) raining.已经开始下雨了。
start还可表示“动身”、“开动”等意思，而begin则不能这样用。
They start for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。
23. date，day
date指"日期"
What’s the date 问几月几号
day指"星期几"，指二十四小时的一整天，也单指白天，也指重要的日子。
What day is it 问星期几
24. besides，except，exceptfor，but“除……之外”
besides：除了…… 之外还有（包含在内）
I have three other pens besides this.除了这支笔外，我还有另外三支笔。
except/but：除了…… 之外（不包含在内），but 仅用于不定代词后
Everybody is here except(but) Mary.除了Mary之外，大家都来了。
except for：整体不错，细节瑕疵修正
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.除了有几个拼写错误之外，你的作文很好。
except for有时可以与except互换，表示"除了……之外"，但位于句首时，不可以和except互换。
25. bring，take，fetch
bring：带来（朝着说话人方向）
Don t forget to bring adictionary with you.别忘了把辞典带来。
take：带走（远离说话人）
Please take the small blackboard to the classroom.请把这块小黑板带到教室去。
fetch：去拿来（往返）。
Please fetch me some chalk.
26. borrow，lend
二者都有"借"的意思。
borrow是"借入"
Can I borrow your pen 我可以借你的钢笔吗
lend是"借出"
Lend me your pen, will you 把钢笔借给我用用，可以吗
27. finally，at last，in the end
它们都有"最后"、"终于"的含义。但用法不同。
finally：序列上最后，动词前
He tried many times and finally succeeded.他试验了多次，最后成功了。
at last：历经期盼终于，带强烈情绪
At last he has understood it。最后他终于明白了这个。
in the end：强调几经波折，最终结果，可用于将来。
We made several different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer campagain.我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案，但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。
28. find, look for，find out
look for：寻找（过程）
What are you looking for 你在找什么
find：找到（结果）
Have you found your pen 你找到你的钢笔了吗
find out：经过调查、查询查明真相
I found out she was wrong.我发现她错了。
29. join，take part in，join in
都有“参加”的意思。
join：加入组织、团体，成为成员
He joined the League in1985.他在1985年入团。
join in：加入正在进行的活动、游戏
join us in the match
take part in：参加大型群众性活动、会议、赛事
The old man took part in the Long March.这位老人参加过长征。
30. dress , have sth. on , wear , put on
它们都有"穿"、"戴"的意思。但用法不同。
put on：穿的动作
You d better put on your overcoat before going out。出门之前你最好穿上大衣。
wear /have on：穿着的状态
He had a straw hat on. 他戴了一顶草帽。
She likes to wear the light green dress.她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。
dress：给某人穿衣服，dress oneself 自己穿衣服
The mother is dressing her baby .母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。
31. take care of, look after
take care意为“注意”，“当心”，“留心”。可以单独使用，也可以跟不定式或that从句。
Take care! The ice is thin.当心！冰很薄。
take care of意为“照顾”，“照料”，侧重于负有责任这一层意思，后面的宾语从句可以是人，也可以是某物，比较口语化。
Please take care of my house.请照看一下我的家。
look after 一般情况下可替换take care of，在意思上强调看管或照料，其宾语可以是物，但多数情况下是人或动物。
Will you look after my dog 请照看一下我的狗好吗
32. whether，if
这两个连词都作“是否”解，引导宾语从句时，两者通常可以互换。
但在下列几种情况下，不可用if 代替whether。
当whether 与or not连成词组时。I don't know whether or not they will come for our help.我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。
whether 用在不定式前面时。She hasn t decided whether to go or not。她还没有决定去还是不去。
whether引导的从句放在句首时。Whether this is true or not, I can't say。这是不是真的，我不说(或我说不准)
33. either，either…or，neither，neither…nor，both …and
核心规则：either…or /neither…nor 遵循就近原则；both…and 谓语动词永远用复数。
either：两者中的任何一个；用在否定句的句末，表示"也"的意思。
There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。
If you don't go there, I won't, either. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。
either...or...：意为"或者……或者……;不是……就是……"之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
neither：作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。
neither...nor...：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。
both...and...：neither...nor...的肯定句型
Both dad and mum are at home today.今天父母都在家。
34. have sb.do，have sb. or sth. doing，have sth. done
have sb do：让某人做某事
The boss had his workers work fourteen hours a day.那老板让工人们一天干14小时的活。
have sb doing：让某人持续做某事
The boss had his workers working all day long.那老板让工人们整天(不停地)干活。
have sth done：让别人做某事；遭遇某种不好的事。
I had my pen stolen.我的钢笔被人偷了。
35. hear，hear of，hear from
hear：听见；后接从句表听说
I heard him just now.我刚才听到了他说话。
I heard him singing in the next room。我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。
hear of：听说、听闻某人 / 某事
I have heard of him.我听人提到过他。
hear from：收到某人来信
How often do you hear from your father 你每隔多久收到你父亲的信

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