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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026 - 2027学年八年级英语上册单元综合素养培优卷仁爱科普版
（新教材）Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在指定区域，答在非答题区无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．— That’s ________ ! Tim promised to go to Scotland with me today but he didn’t come.
— Oh, he is sick at home. He can’t come today. He asked me to tell you.
A．strange B．enough C．forgetful D．familiar
2．Daniel eats ________ vegetables than before. He wants to keep fit.
A．few B．fewer C．less D．more
3．— Do you know that China is one of ________ countries in the world
— Yes, I do. It’s ________ older than America.
A．the oldest; very B．old; very C．oldest; much D．the oldest; much
4．—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish
—Sure. But we should _________ for recycling (回收) first.
A．weigh B．separate C．remove D．cut
5．John said he would come to my party, but he didn’t ________.
A．forget B．appear C．leave D．wait
6．I never go to school late. ________.
A．So does Tom B．Neither does Tom C．So Tom doe D．Neither Tom does
7．Yancheng is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu province, and it has a long history.
A．any city B．any cities C．the other city D．any other city
8．An ecosystem ________ all the living and non-living things in an area.
A．receives B．includes C．prepares D．introduces
9．Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.
A．as fast as B．much faster than C．more slowly than D．as slowly as
10．—Did you hear a ________ sound from outside
—Yes, it sounded like someone was crying.
A．strange B．common C．wonderful D．similar
11．—I don’t like showers or windy weather.
—Me ________. Rainy weather is terrible!
A．too B．either C．neither D．also
12．The zookeeper told us that giant pandas live ________ on bamboo for food.
A．mainly B．easily C．suddenly D．certainly
13．The air in our city is getting much ________ than before.
A．clean B．cleaner C．dirty D．dirtier
14．If you want to make perfect Guoqiao Rice Noodles, you should keep all the ingredients ________ .
A．organized B．separate C．warm D．mixed
15．My mum likes the house near the underground, but its price goes ________ her ability to pay.
A．above B．beyond C．further D．with
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
What do you know about the solar system It is one of the most interesting places in the 16 . It has eight planets, and each one is unique (独一无二的).
The Sun is the biggest 17 in the solar system. What’s more, it is much 18 than any planet. The temperature at the Sun’s 19 is about 5526.85℃. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, and it is 20 the smallest. Venus is not as big 21 Earth, but is much hotter. Earth is the most special planet because it is 22 . There is life on it. Mars has something in common with Earth. It is 23 to Earth in size and temperature. There is ice, change of the four seasons, and there may 24 be life on Mars, too. Jupiter is the largest planet, while Saturn is the most beautiful planet because of its 25 . They are bigger and brighter than other 26 rings. Uranus and Neptune are the farthest planets from the Sun, 27 they are colder than all the other planets. No living things can 28 on the two planets.
29 the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they 30 the amazing solar system.
16．A．internet B．universe C．planet D．earth
17．A．object B．pain C．area D．purpose
18．A．taller B．higher C．hotter D．longer
19．A．joy B．moment C．diary D．surface
20．A．also B．too C．either D．neither
21．A．for B．though C．as D．however
22．A．shy B．slim C．interested D．alive
23．A．similar B．good C．new D．bad
24．A．never B．usually C．even D．specially
25．A．towers B．violins C．marks D．rings
26．A．planets’ B．stars’ C．objects’ D．moons’
27．A．because B．but C．and D．or
28．A．avoid B．survive C．warn D．lie
29．A．Besides B．Below C．Above D．Up
30．A．cheer up B．make up C．cut out D．put on
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
A
Being patient was not what Hana did best. So when her grandmother told her she could have a cat four weeks later, “How will I know when four weeks is ” Hana asked.
“ ▲ ,” smiled her brother Randy.
That sounded interesting. “How ” Hana asked again. “What does the moon look like now ” said Randy. “It’s a full moon,” Hana said.
“Will it still be full tomorrow ” said Randy.
Hana thought for a while. “Well, almost (几乎). But it will be a little smaller, I think.”
“That’s right,” Randy said. “And it’ll keep getting smaller until we can’t see it at all! And then it’ll come back when it’s just a thin and tiny moon, and it’ll get fatter and fatter until it’s full again! By the next full moon, it’ll be time to get your baby cat.”
Hana decided to draw the moon every day. Her first picture was round and full. Then the moon started getting thinner.
“Say good night to the gibbous moon. That’s what the moon is called when it’s less than full but more than half,” Dad said one night.
Every day Hana drew more pictures. Finally the night came when Hana covered her paper with a huge, round moon, just like her first picture.
“You know Luna is another name for the moon,” her mom said. “Luna, Luna, Luna,” Hana sang. It was a pretty name.
The most exciting moment came—Hana chose a black baby cat. It was black like the night and its eyes shone like the moon. She named it Luna.
31．Which of the following is the best to fill in the “ ▲ ”
A．Use the paper B．Use the moon C．Use the watch D．Use the calendar
32．Why did Randy tell Hana how the moon changed in a month
A．To teach Hana to be patient. B．To stop the baby cat’s coming.
C．To tell her when four weeks is. D．To show that he knows a lot.
33．Which of the following pictures shows “the gibbous moon” according to the text
A． B． C． D．
34．In which order did Hana’s feelings change in the text
A．Happy→impatient→interested→excited. B．Happy→excited→impatient→interested.
C．Impatient→interested→happy→excited. D．Impatient→happy→excited→interested.
35．Which would be the best title for the text
A．Learning to Draw B．Waiting for Luna
C．Choosing Baby Cats D．Watching a Full Moon
B
① Jupiter, the biggest planet in our solar system, is really cool. It’s not only huge but also has lots of special features (特征) that make scientists want to learn more about it.
② One of the most interesting features of Jupiter is its Great Red Spot (斑点). It’s a big storm (风暴), and it has been going on for hundreds of years. Scientists are still trying to find out why this storm keeps going.
③ Jupiter has many moons. There are about 95 moons that have been discovered. These moons are in different sizes. Some are small and full of rocks, like Amalthea. Some are much bigger. For example, Ganymede is even bigger than the planet Mercury. It is one of Jupiter’s most famous moons.
④ Another interesting feature of Jupiter is its very strong magnetic (磁性的) field. Its magnetic field is much stronger than Earth’s. It can catch small particles (粒子) from the Sun’s wind and create strong radiation (辐射) areas around the planet.
⑤ As a matter of fact, I am interested in Jupiter and I also learn something about it. If you are also curious about it, please feel free to leave me any message below!
36．What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter
A．A big mountain. B．A large ocean.
C．A big storm. D．A bright star.
37．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．Something about the particles. B．Something about Jupiter’s moons.
C．Something about the Great Red Spot. D．Something about Jupiter’s magnetic field.
38．What is the structure of the text
A．①/②③/④/⑤ B．①/②/③④/⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤
39．Where can we probably read the text
A．On a poster. B．In a novel.
C．In a storybook. D．On a science website.
40．What is the best title for the text
A．Daytime Star B．The Brightest Star
C．A Special Planet D．A Cool Planet—Jupiter
C
On November 7th, 2023, ESA’s Euclid space telescope sent back its first full-colour pictures of the universe.
Last July, people sent Euclid into space. Its job is to find out how dark matter and dark energy shaped the universe. 95% of our universe appears to be made of these “dark” things. But we still don’t understand what they are. However, Euclid is able to take a clear picture across a huge part of the sky.
This time, Euclid sent back five pictures. One of them shows us the spiral galaxy (螺旋星系) IC 342. It is a look-alike of our Milky Way. Thanks to its infrared view (红外线视图), Euclid could uncover very important information about the stars in this galaxy. Euclid’s first full-colour pictures of the universe are not only beautiful, but also very helpful for scientists to study the matter in the universe. In the coming months, scientists will study these pictures and find more information from them.
What’s more, over the next few years, Euclid will take a close look at billions of galaxies. These galaxies are 10 billion light years away from us. By doing this, it will create the largest 3D map. And the pictures by it will take us common people to a much farther universe.
41．Why did people send Euclid into space
A．To make a 3D map of the universe.
B．To study dark matter and dark energy.
C．To take full-colour pictures of IC 342.
D．To find more galaxies like our Milky Way.
42．What do we know about the dark things
A．People know them very well. B．They are useless for us humans.
C．Scientists are still studying them. D．They are unusual in the universe.
43．What does the underlined word “uncover” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Change. B．Find. C．Miss. D．Use.
44．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．What Euclid will do in space.
B．When Euclid will return to Earth.
C．How scientists created a 3D space map.
D．How scientists study these full-colour pictures.
45．What can be the best title of the text
A．Euclid and its full-colour pictures B．The latest discovery by Euclid
C．Dark things in the universe D．Scientific studies on Euclid
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．Mars is ________ (far) from the Sun than Earth.
47．The Sun provides ________ (electric) and heat for the earth.
48．Satellites can be ________ (nature) or man-made.
49．The Sun gives us ________ (warm) and light.
50．The temperature on Mars is about -63°C; here on Earth, the temperature is about 14°C on ________ (average).
51．Without enough sleep, you will do even ________ (糟糕) in your schoolwork.
52．The ________ (直径) of the sun is much larger than that of the earth.
53．We should keep our ________ (责任) to protect the earth.
54．My schoolbag is _______ (相似的) to Jane’s. They are both green and have a big sunflower.
55．The lowest temperature in Yangzhou is zero ________ (度，度数) today.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．火星看起来是红色的，因为它的红色土壤。
Mars looks red because of its red ________.
57．在晴朗的夜晚，你可以看到它们在天空中闪烁。
On clear nights, you can see them ________ in the sky.
58．火箭是探索太阳系最重要的工具之一。
The rocket is one of the most important ________ for exploring the solar system.
59．没有空气，人类无法在冥王星上生存。
Without air, human ________ can’t live on Pluto.
60．为了防止情况变得更糟，他决定把它送到动物救助中心。
To keep things from getting _________, he decided to send it to the animal rescue center.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (每空不多于三个单词)。
The idea of traveling to space is not new, but space tourism for common people is a new thing. In 2001, Dennis Tito 61 (become) the first space tourist in the world. This trip was 62 big step for space exploration (探索).
Today, some companies are working hard to make space travel much 63 (easy) for people to join. For them, this is not only a business. It is a way for us 64 (see) our Earth in a new way. Now, a short trip to space is possible, 65 it is still very expensive. However, many people think 66 is better than any holiday on Earth.
The space trip is really amazing. After an exciting rocket launch, the passengers can unbuckle their belts and float freely in the cabin. They can feel weightlessness (失重). The feeling is peaceful. Looking out 67 the window, they will find that Earth is one of the most beautiful 68 (planet) in the universe. Of course, safety is very important. Everyone must follow strict rules. All passengers need to take special 69 (train) classes and wear protective suits during the trip. This makes sure that everyone can enjoy the great adventure 70 (safe).
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．学校航空爱好者社团正在举办一场展演，他们请你写一篇关于木星的英文介绍，用于展出。请以“My Favorite Planet——Jupiter”为题，根据下面的提示内容，用英语写一篇介绍木星的短文。
写作内容：1.木星是太阳系中最大的行星，比其他所有行星加起来还要大；
2.它有一个著名的大红斑，是一场巨大的风暴 (storm)；
3.木星有很多卫星 (moon)，其中一些卫星很特别，像木卫二 (Europa) 可能存在液态水 (liquid water)；
4.科学家们对木星很感兴趣，一直在研究它。
写作要求：1.短文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
2.词数100词左右。
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．A
【解析】句意：——那真奇怪！蒂姆答应今天和我一起去苏格兰，但他没来。——哦，他生病在家了。他今天不能来。他让我告诉你。
strange奇怪的；enough足够的；forgetful健忘的；familiar熟悉的。根据“Tim promised to go to Scotland with me today but he didn’t come.”可知，蒂姆承诺了却没来，说话者对此感到不解，认为很奇怪。
2．D
【解析】句意：丹尼尔比以前吃更多蔬菜了，他想保持健康。
more是“many”的比较级，意为“更多的”，修饰可数名词复数“vegetables”，表示吃更多蔬菜以保持健康，符合逻辑。few和fewer均表示“更少”，与“keep fit”的目标相反。less修饰不可数名词，不能修饰“vegetables”。
3．D
【解析】句意：——你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？——是的，我知道。它比美国古老得多。
old古老的，形容词原级；the oldest最老的，最高级；very很，修饰形容词或副词的原级；much……的多，修饰形容词或副词的比较级。第一空，“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定表达，表示“最……的……之一”，故填the oldest；第二空，比较级older前应用much修饰，表示“古老得多”。
4．B
【解析】句意：——妈妈，我可以帮你倒垃圾吗？——当然。但我们应该先分类回收。
weigh称重；separate分离/分类；remove移除；cut切割。根据题干“for recycling first”可知，回收前应先“分类”，应填separate。
5．B
【解析】句意：约翰说他会来我的聚会，但是他没有出现。
forget忘记；appear出现；leave离开；wait等待。根据“John said he would come to my party”及转折连词but可知，前后句意构成转折，承诺了要来却没有出现。
6．B
【解析】句意：我上学从不迟到。汤姆也不迟到。
前句含有否定词never，表示否定情况，后句表示“某人也不”需用“Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语”结构，即Neither does Tom。
7．D
【解析】句意：盐城比江苏省的任何其他城市都大，而且它历史悠久。
根据句中“Yancheng is bigger than…in Jiangsu province”可知，盐城本身就属于江苏省内的一员。在同类或同一范围的事物进行比较时，必须将主语本身排除在外，表示“比任何其他一个……都”的固定结构为“比较级+than+any other+单数名词”，应填any other city。
8．B
【解析】句意：一个生态系统包括一个地区内所有的生物和非生物。
receives收到；includes包括；prepares准备；introduces介绍。根据“all the living and non-living things in an area”可知，此处表示“包括”一个地区内所有的生物和非生物，应填includes。
9．B
【解析】句意：如今，人工智能技术的发展速度远超我们的想象。没有人知道明天会发生什么。
as fast as和……一样快；much faster than比……快得多；more slowly than比……更慢；as slowly as和……一样慢。根据“Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.”和“...we can imagine”可知，人工智能技术发展得很快，且没有人知道明天会发生什么，说明人工智能技术的发展速度远超我们的想象，选项C和选项D排除，空格处需用比较级，应填much faster than。
10．A
【解析】句意：——你听到外面有奇怪的声音吗？——是的，听起来像有人在哭。
strange奇怪的；common普通的；wonderful精彩的；similar相似的。根据“it sounded like someone was crying”可知，此处表示“奇怪的”声音，应选strange。
11．C
【解析】句意：——我不喜欢阵雨或刮风的天气。——我也不喜欢。雨天太糟糕了！
too也，用于肯定句末；either也，用于否定句末；neither也不；also也。根据“I don’t like showers or windy weather.”可知，此处强调自己也不喜欢阵雨或刮风的天气，用固定表达Me neither，附和否定观点。
12．A
【解析】句意：动物园管理员告诉我们，大熊猫主要以竹子为食。
mainly主要地；easily容易地；suddenly突然地；certainly肯定地。根据常识可知，大熊猫主要以竹子为食，mainly符合语境表达。
13．B
【解析】句意：我们城市的空气比以前更干净了。
than表示比较，much后需接形容词比较级，cleaner是clean的比较级，意为“更干净的”，符合语境；clean和dirty是原级，dirtier意为“更脏的”，均不符合语法或语义要求。
14．B
【解析】句意：如果你想做出完美的过桥米线，你应该把所有的食材都分开。
organized有条理的；separate分开的；warm温暖的；mixed混合的。根据生活常识可知，过桥米线的食材在制作和上桌过程中需要保持分开的状态，因此需填入separate。
15．B
【解析】句意：我妈妈喜欢靠近地铁站的房子，但是它的价格超出了她的支付能力。
above在……上面；beyond超出；further进一步；with和……一起。根据前句“My mum likes the house near the underground”以及转折词but可知，此处表示价格超出了支付能力，应填beyond。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了太阳系的构成，详细描述了太阳及八大行星的大小、温度及特征，展现了太阳系的奥秘。
【解析】16．句意：它是宇宙中最有趣的地方之一。
根据前文话题solar system (太阳系)，本句搭配介词 in 表达范围，in the universe为固定搭配 “在宇宙中”，universe是名词意为宇宙，契合天文话题语境；internet意为互联网，和太空话题无关，planet、earth均为单个星体，无法容纳太阳系。
17．句意：太阳是太阳系里最大的天体。
空前the biggest后需要单数名词，太阳不属于行星，object名词表示天体、物体，可以统称太阳系内部天体，符合太阳属性。
18．句意：而且它比任何行星温度都高得多。
空后有比较级标志词than，much可以修饰形容词比较级，文段围绕太阳温度展开，hotter是hot的比较级，含义为“更热的”，体现太阳温度高于所有行星；taller形容高度、longer形容长度，higher多用于海拔与位置高低，都不能用来描述温度。
19．句意：太阳表面温度约5526.85摄氏度。
空前Sun’s为名词所有格，后面需要搭配名词，后文给出具体温度数值，用来描述太阳某个部位的温度，surface作名词表示“表面”，the Sun’s surface是天文常用表达，意为“太阳表面”；moment、diary、joy词义和星体构造没有关联。
20．句意：水星离太阳最近，它也是最小的行星。
前半句点明水星距离太阳最近，后半句递进说明它也是体积最小的行星，空格处在句子中间，also是副词表示“”也，用于句中表达递进含义；too表示“也”，只能放在句末，either、neither多用于否定句式，本句为肯定句，语法不成立。
21．句意：金星没有地球大，但是温度要高得多。
句子出现not as+形容词原级的结构，属于同级比较固定句型，搭配as构成not as big as，意思是“不如……大”；though、however为转折连词，无法构成该固定句式，for代入后逻辑不通。
22．句意：地球最特别，因为它存在生命。
后文句子There is life on it说明地球上存在生命，系动词之后需要填写形容词，alive为形容词，表示“有生命的”，贴合存在生命的语境；shy、slim多用于形容人的外貌性格，interested主语通常是人，不能用来修饰星球。
23．句意：它（火星）在体积和温度方面与地球相近。
空格后面出现介词to，存在be similar to固定搭配，意思是“与……相似”，对应火星在体积、温度方面和地球相近；good、new、bad不能和介词to构成该固定搭配，代入句子语义不通。
24．句意：火星有冰、四季更替，甚至可能也存在生命。
前文介绍火星存在冰层与四季更替，后半句进一步推测火星甚至可能存在生命，空格在情态动词may和be之间，需要副词加强递进语气，even作副词意为“甚至”；never、usually语义和原文相反，specially表示“专门地”，逻辑不符。
25．句意：土星是最美的行星，这是因为它拥有行星环。
天文常识中土星最标志性的特征就是光环，形容词性物主代词its后需要接名词，rings是名词复数，含义为“光环”，契合土星特点；towers、violins、marks词义和星体结构无关。
26．句意：土星环比其他行星的环更大更亮。
空格后是名词rings，此处需要名词所有格表达所属关系，用来表示其他行星的光环，planets’是复数名词所有格，含义为“行星的”；stars’、moons’、objects’对应的主体和本句对比对象不一致。
27．句意：天王星、海王星离太阳最远，所以它们比其他行星更冷。
前半句说明天王星、海王星距离太阳最远，后半句表明两颗行星温度低于其余所有行星，两个分句属于顺承并列关系，and是并列连词，意为“并且”；because表原因，but表转折，or表选择，都不符合两句之间的逻辑。
28．句意：没有生物能在这两颗星球存活。
情态动词can后面必须接动词原形，前文交代两颗行星环境极度严寒，句子表达生物无法在此生存，survive是动词，意为“生存、存活”；avoid表示“躲避”，warn表示“警告”，lie表示“躺”，均和生命主题不匹配。
29．句意：除了八大行星之外，还有很多更小的星体。
后文提到太阳系还有很多更小的天体，说明除八大行星之外还存在其他星体，单词置于句首作介词，Besides含义为“除……之外，还有”；Below、Above、Up都属于方位词汇，不符合上下文逻辑。
30．句意：它们共同构成奇妙的太阳系。
主语they指代各类星体，后半句中心词为太阳系，表达众多星体共同组成太阳系，make up是动词短语，意为“组成、构成”；cheer up意为“振作”，cut out意为“裁剪”，put on意为“穿上”，词义和天体构成无关。
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了没有耐心的Hana通过观察月相变化等待四周后领养小猫，并给小猫取名Luna的故事。
【解析】31．根据第三段“What does the moon look like now ”和后文Randy让Hana观察月亮变化的情节可知，此处应填入与月亮相关的内容。
32．根据开头“Being patient was not what Hana did best”可知，一开始Hana没有耐心，Randy通过教Hana观察月亮变化来帮助她理解四周的时间长度，目的是教会她耐心等待。
33．根据第八段“That’s what the moon is called when it’s less than full but more than half”可知，凸月（gibbous moon）是指比满月小、但大于半圆的月相。
34．文章开头提到Hana缺乏耐心，后来对观察月亮的变化产生了兴趣，最后成功等到并挑选了心仪的小猫，感到非常兴奋，因此Hana的感情变化顺序是：impatient→interested→happy→excited。
35．文章主要讲述了Hana通过观察月亮的变化，等待小猫Luna的到来，B选项“Waiting for Luna”符合题意。
36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了木星的特征，包括大红斑、众多卫星、强磁场等，并表达了作者对木星的兴趣，鼓励读者留言交流。
【解析】36．第二段明确指出：“It’s a big storm, and it has been going on for hundreds of years.”，说明大红斑是一场持续数百年的巨大风暴。
37．第三段首句“Jupiter has many moons.”为该段主题句，后文围绕木星的卫星展开，介绍其大小差异和著名卫星（如Ganymede）。
38．文章结构为：第①段总起，介绍木星；第②③④段分别介绍大红斑、卫星和磁场（并列结构）；第⑤段总结并号召留言。故结构为 ①/②③④/⑤。
39．文章内容涉及天文科学知识（木星特征），语言客观、信息性强，且最后提到“leave me any message below”，符合科学网站或科普博客的风格。
40．全文围绕木星展开，突出其“巨大且有趣”的特征，首句即点明“Jupiter, the biggest planet...is really cool.”，因此最佳标题为“A Cool Planet—Jupiter”，既点明对象又体现趣味性。
41．B 42．C 43．B 44．A 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了欧洲航天局（ESA）的欧几里得空间望远镜。文章说明了欧几里得的发射时间、主要任务（研究暗物质和暗能量）、已传回的全彩图片及其科学价值，以及未来计划（创建最大3D宇宙地图），展现了这一太空探索项目的重要意义。
【解析】41．第二段“Its job is to find out how dark matter and dark energy shaped the universe.”，明确说明欧几里得被送入太空是为了研究暗物质和暗能量。
42．第二段“But we still don’t understand what they are.”，明确说明科学家仍在研究暗物质和暗能量，尚未完全了解它们。
43．第三段“Euclid could uncover very important information about the stars in this galaxy.”，结合上下文，uncover意为“发现、揭示”，与find意思最接近。
44．最后一段提到欧几里得将在未来几年观测数十亿个星系，并创建最大的3D宇宙地图，说明本段主要讲欧几里得在太空未来要做的事情。
45．全文围绕欧几里得空间望远镜及其传回的全彩图片展开，介绍了它的任务、首批成果和未来计划，因此最佳标题为“欧几里得及其全彩图片”。
46．farther
【解析】句意：火星比地球距离太阳更远。句中出现比较级标志词than，表明是两者进行距离对比，形容词far需要使用比较级。far有farther和further两种比较级形式，farther侧重客观空间距离，further多用于抽象含义（更进一步、深造），本题描述行星间的实际距离，farther符合要求。
47．electricity
【解析】句意：太阳为地球提供电力和热量。句中“provides”后接并列宾语，electric的名词形式是electricity，意为“电”，不可数名词。
48．natural
【解析】句意：卫星可以是天然的或人造的。be动词后接形容词作表语，nature的形容词形式是natural，意为“自然的”。
49．warmth
【解析】句意：太阳给我们温暖和光明。and前后的词性一致，此处用名词作宾语，warm的名词形式是warmth，不可数名词。
50．average
【解析】句意：火星上的气温大约是零下63摄氏度；在地球上，平均气温大约是14摄氏度。on average是固定短语，意为“平均地、通常”，括号内的average本身为名词“平均数；平均值”，直接填入即可构成该固定搭配。
51．worse
【解析】句意：没有充足的睡眠，你的学业表现会变得更加糟糕。括号内中文“糟糕”对应的副词原级为badly，用来修饰动词do；even意为“更加”，用来修饰副词、形容词比较级，因此此处要使用badly的比较级worse。
52．diameter
【解析】句意：太阳的直径比地球的直径大得多。diameter意为“直径”，谓语is为单数，主语用单数形式diameter。故填diameter。
53．responsibility
【解析】句意：我们应当肩负起保护地球的责任。根据形容词性物主代词our以及括号内中文提示可知，此处需要填入名词，responsibility意为“责任”，keep one’s responsibility表示“肩负某人的责任”。
54．similar
【解析】句意：我的书包和简的很相似。它们都是绿色的，而且都有一个大向日葵。句中“be similar to”是固定搭配，意为 “与……相似”；根据中文提示“相似的”，对应的英文单词为similar。
55．degrees
【解析】句意：扬州今天的最低气温是零度。表示温度单位“度”时，若数值不是一，degree需用复数形式degrees。
56．soil
【解析】原句中“土壤”是关键词，表示“土壤”的单词是soil。本句为一般现在时，its red soil表示“它的红色土壤”，作because of的宾语。
57．twinkling
【解析】原句中“闪烁”为关键信息，“闪烁”对应的英文单词是twinkle。固定结构see sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，强调看到动作正在发生；see sb./sth. do sth.意为“看见某人/某物做了某事”，强调全过程或事实。本句侧重描述抬头看时星星正在闪烁的状态/景象，因此常用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
58．tools
【解析】原句中“工具”是关键词，对应的英文单词是tool，根据结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，此处应填名词复数作介词of的宾语。故填tools。
59．beings
【解析】原句的关键词是“人类”，固定短语human beings，意为“人类”。题干中已给出单词“human”，且空前没有冠词“a”，表示泛指人类整体时常用复数形式，因此横线处应填 beings。
60．worse
【解析】原句中“更糟”为关键词，隐含比较含义，因此需要使用比较级，表示“糟”的单词为bad，其比较级为worse，意为“更糟的”，形容词作表语，符合语境。
61．became 62．a 63．easier 64．to see 65．but 66．it 67．of 68．planets 69．training 70．safely
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空旅游的发展。从2001年第一位太空游客出现，到如今一些公司致力于让太空旅行变得更便捷，尽管价格昂贵，但太空体验令人惊叹，同时安全措施也至关重要。
【解析】61．句意：2001年，丹尼斯·蒂托成为世界上第一位太空游客。根据时间状语“In 2001”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，故填become的过去式became。
62．句意：这次旅行是太空探索的一大步。“step”在此处意为“一步；进步”，为可数名词单数，且是第一次提及，需用不定冠词修饰。big以辅音音素开头，故填a。
63．句意：如今，一些公司正努力让太空旅行变得更容易让人们参与。根据句意及“much”修饰比较级可知，此处需用形容词比较级形式，easy的比较级为easier。
64．句意：这是一种让我们以新的方式观察地球的方式。“a way for sb. to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“让某人做某事的方式”，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to see。
65．句意：现在，去太空的短途旅行是可能的，但它仍然非常昂贵。前后分句之间为转折关系，故需用转折连词but。
66．句意：然而，许多人认为它比地球上的任何假期都好。此处指代前文提到的“a short trip to space”，需用代词it作主语。
67．句意：向窗外望去，他们会发现地球是宇宙中最美丽的行星之一。“look out of the window”为固定短语，意为“向窗外看”。
68．句意：向窗外望去，他们会发现地球是宇宙中最美丽的行星之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……之一”，故填planet的复数形式planets。
69．句意：所有乘客都需要参加特殊的培训课程，并在旅行期间穿着防护服。此处修饰名词classes，需用名词作定语，说明课程的性质。train的名词形式training意为“培训；训练”，符合语境。
70．句意：这确保每个人都能安全地享受这次伟大的冒险。此处修饰动词enjoy，需用副词形式。safe的副词为safely，意为“安全地”。
71．例文
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. It’s much larger than all the other planets put together.
There is one very special thing on Jupiter—the Great Red Spot. It’s a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time. Jupiter has many moons. One of them is called Europa. Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa. Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.
Scientists are very interested in Jupiter and study it all the time. They hope to learn more about Jupiter and the universe. I like Jupiter too. It’s so interesting and there’s so much to learn about it.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点提示已给出，考生应注意要求中的内容，充实细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出主题，介绍木星的基本特征；
第二步，分述细节，详细描述大红斑和卫星；
第三步，总结收尾，表达对木星的研究价值与喜爱。
[亮点词汇]
①solar system太阳系
②put together组合在一起
③be interested in对……感兴趣
[高分句型]
① It’s much larger than all the other planets put together. (运用了比较级结构)
② Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句，并在从句中嵌套“where..., there...”地点状语结构)
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