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【优生拔尖】八年级上册精编知识清单和拔高自测卷
Unit 3 Same or Different
说 明知识清单：抓教材核心，把课本零散知识点结构化，解决学生 “知识点散乱、复习无抓手” 问题。拔高自测卷：跳出简单机械刷题，在课本基础上适度拔高，侧重核心素养，训练迁移运用能力
第一部分 核心知识清单
一、必考核心词汇
same (adj.) 相同的｜different (adj.) 不同的
similar (adj.) 相似的｜difference (n.) 差异；不同之处
like (prep.&v.) 像；喜欢｜unlike (prep.) 不像
both (pron.&adj.) 两者都｜all (pron.&adj.) 全部（三者及以上）
each (pron.&adj.) 各自；每个｜every (adj.) 每一的
tall (adj.) 高的｜short (adj.) 矮的；短的
fat (adj.) 胖的｜thin (adj.) 瘦的
quiet (adj.) 安静的｜active (adj.) 活跃的
outgoing (adj.) 外向的｜shy (adj.) 害羞的
clever (adj.) 聪明的｜smart (adj.) 机灵的
fast (adj.&adv.) 快的/地｜slow (adj.&adv.) 慢的/地
hobby (n.) 爱好｜habit (n.) 习惯
character (n.) 性格｜feature (n.) 特征
share (v.) 分享｜match (v.) 匹配；相像
二、高频固定短语
the same as 和……相同
be different from 与……不同
be similar to 与……相似
both A and B A和B两者都
each other 互相；彼此
look like 看起来像
sound like 听起来像
in some ways 在某些方面
in many ways 在很多方面
have similarities 有相似之处
have differences 存在差异
share the same hobby 拥有相同的爱好
different habits 不同的习惯
just like 正如；就像
—Are you the same as your sister 你和你的姐姐一样吗？
—No, I’m different from her. 不，我和她不一样。
—What are your similarities 你们的相似点是什么？
3. 描述人物外貌/性格差异
—We are both outgoing and like sports. 我们俩都外向，而且喜欢运动。
—What’s the difference between you and your friend 你和你朋友的区别是什么？
—He is tall and quiet, but I am short and active. 他高大安静，而我矮小活泼。
4. 比较通用句型
We look similar but we have different hobbies. 我们长相相似，但爱好不同。
5. 总结评价句型（写作必考）
Friends don’t need to be exactly the same. We can learn from each other. 朋友不必完全相同，我们可以互相学习。
重点语法拔高（本单元难点）
1. 同级比较核心短语（单元重中之重）
the same as（反义词组：be different from）、be similar to 为单元核心固定搭配，介词不可混用，是单选、句型转换高频考点。
2. both 用法（拔高易错点）
both...and... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数；both of+复数代词/名词，谓语动词复数；both 用于两者，all 用于三者及以上。
3. each/every 辨析
each 可单独使用、可接of短语，强调个体；every 仅作定语，强调整体，不接of短语。
4. like 一词多义考点
动词：like doing/to do 喜欢做某事；介词：像……一样，无变形，反义词 unlike。
5. 名词词性转换
different (adj.) 不同的 → difference (n.) 不同点；similar (adj.) 相似的 → similarity (n.) 相似点
6. 并列连词 but 用法
用于连接前后相反、对比的内容，侧重异同对比，是本单元写作高频连词。
第二部分 单元拔高自测卷
（满分100分 50分钟）
一、单项选择（重难点拔高，每题2分，共20分）
考点聚焦：异同固定搭配、both用法、词性辨析、介词适配、连词用法、近义词辨析、语法易错点
( ) 1. My pen is the same ______ yours.
A. as B. from C. to D. with
( ) 2. My lifestyle is different ______ my brother’s.
A. as B. from C. to D. in
( ) 3. ______ Lily and Lucy are outgoing girls.
A. Both B. All C. Each D. Every
( ) 4. The two friends are similar ______ each other in many ways.
A. as B. from C. to D. with
( ) 5. Each of the students ______ a different hobby.
A. have B. has C. having D. had
( ) 6. He looks ______ his father, but he is different in personality.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked
( ) 7. We are good friends. We always learn from ______.
A. each other B. other each C. one other D. every other
( ) 8. They look the same, ______ they have different habits.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 9. —What’s the ______ between the two books —One is old, the other is new.
A. different B. difference C. similar D. similarity
( ) 10. ______ of the two boys likes playing basketball.
A. All B. Both C. Every D. Each
二、词汇应用（每空1分，共10分）
考点聚焦：词性转换、固定搭配、主谓一致、形容词适配、易混词拔高易错点
根据句意及首字母提示或括号内单词适当形式填空。
1. The two dresses look the s________.
2. My twin sister is d________ from me in many ways.
3. Our hobbies are s________. We both like reading.
4. There are many d________ between the two cities.
5. We should help e________ other in our study and life.
6. Both of them ________ (be) good at drawing.
7. Each student ________ (have) their own dream.
8. He is ________ (similarity) to his brother in looks.
9. My friend is quiet but I am ________ (act).
10. The two girls share the same ________ (hobby).
三、句型转换（语法综合拔高，每题1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：异同句型转换、同义替换、否定句、划线提问，突破单元难点
1. My bag is different from yours.（同义句转换）
My bag isn’t ________ ________ ________ yours.
2. Both Tom and Jack like playing sports.（改为否定句）
________ Tom ________ Jack likes playing sports.
3. The two pictures are similar.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ the two pictures
4. Each of them has a new book.（改为一般疑问句）
________ each of them ________ a new book
5. We learn from each other.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ you learn from
四、选词填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共8分，有一个多余选项）
考点聚焦：异同话题词汇、固定短语、主谓一致、语境辨析，规避语篇陷阱
same, different, similar, both, each, but, ways, share, like
My best friend is Linda. In some (1)________, we are the same. (2)________ of us like reading and listening to music. We (3)________ the same hobby. We look (4)________ too. However, we are (5)________ in many ways. Linda is quiet, (6)________ I am outgoing. She (7)________ staying at home, but I like outdoor activities. (8)________ of us has our own features.
五、语法填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共7分）
考点聚焦：固定搭配、词性转换、主谓一致、连词、代词综合拔高
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have two good friends, Amy and Kate. They look (1)________ (same), but they are different. Amy is quiet, (2)________ Kate is very active. (3)________ (both) of them study hard. They are similar (4)________ each other in study habits, but they have different (5)________ (hobby). Each of them (6)________ (have) their own advantages. We learn from (7)________ (other) and grow together.
六、阅读理解（两篇短文，共20分）
考点聚焦：人物异同话题、细节定位、词义辨析、推理判断、主旨提炼，拔高阅读能力
Passage 1
Tom and Jerry are twin brothers. They look almost the same. They are both tall and thin, and they have short hair. Many people can hardly tell them apart. However, they are very different in personalities and hobbies. Tom is quiet and shy. He likes reading books and staying at home in his free time. But Jerry is very outgoing and active. He loves sports and often plays basketball with his friends. Though they have many differences, they get on well with each other and always share their happiness together.
( ) 1. What do Tom and Jerry look like
A. Short and fat B. Tall and thin C. Short and thin D. Tall and fat
( ) 2. What is Tom’s personality
A. Outgoing and active B. Quiet and shy C. Funny and smart D. Kind and quiet
( ) 3. What does Jerry like doing
A. Reading books B. Staying at home C. Playing basketball D. Watching TV
( ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE
A. They look quite different B. They have the same hobbies
C. They get on well with each other D. They never share things
( ) 5. The passage mainly talks about the two brothers’ ______.
A. study habits B. similarities and differences C. daily life D. family life
Passage 2
Friends are not always the same. My friend Lisa and I are good friends. We are similar in some ways. We are both clever and we both like learning new things. We often study together and help each other. But we also have many differences. I like sports and outdoor activities, while Lisa prefers staying indoors and drawing pictures. I am outgoing, but Lisa is a little shy. Different personalities and hobbies don’t make our friendship bad. On the contrary (相反), we learn from each other and make progress together.
( ) 1. What is the similarity between the writer and Lisa
A. They are shy B. They like sports C. They are clever D. They like drawing
( ) 2. What does the writer like doing
A. Drawing pictures B. Outdoor activities C. Reading indoors D. Singing songs
( ) 3. What is Lisa like
A. Outgoing B. Active C. Shy D. Funny
( ) 4. How do they get along
They fight often B. They learn from each other
C. They never help each other D. They have no communication
( ) 5. What does the writer want to tell us
A. Friends must be the same B. Differences break friendship
C. Different friends can also get on well D. Similar friends are better
七、阅读简答（每题2分，共10分）
考点聚焦：短文细节抓取、规范英文简答、核心异同句型运用
阅读短文，用简短英文作答。
Mike and Jack are classmates. They look similar and they are both tall. They study hard at school and often help each other. However, they have different hobbies. Mike likes playing football and running. He is very active. Jack likes reading and writing. He is quiet and smart. Though they have some differences, they are best friends.
1. What do Mike and Jack look like
________________________________________
2. What do they both do at school
________________________________________
3. What is Mike’s hobby
________________________________________
4. What is Jack’s personality
________________________________________
5. Are they good friends
________________________________________
八、信息归纳（每空1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：提炼语篇核心信息，训练文本概括、细节提炼能力
阅读短文，根据短文内容完成信息卡，每空一词。
Anna and I are good friends. We have many similarities. We are both outgoing and we both like music. We often listen to music together. But we are different in some ways. I like sports, but Anna likes painting. I am tall, but she is short. We learn from each other and our friendship is very strong.
Information Answer
Similar personality Both （1）_____________
Same hobby Loving （2）_____________
Writer’s hobby Playing （3）_____________
Anna’s hobby （4）_____________
Relationship Good friends
九、书面表达（综合输出，15分）
拔高要求：熟练运用异同核心句型、固定短语、对比连词，句式多样、语法零失误、逻辑连贯，词数40-60词
请以 My Friend and I 为题，介绍你和好朋友的相同点和不同点，可从外貌、性格、爱好方面描述。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、单项选择（20分）
1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.D
1. same 2. different 3. similar 4. differences 5. each
二、词汇应用（10分）
6. are 7. has 8. similar 9. active 10. hobbies
三、句型转换（5分）
1. the same as 2. Neither; nor 3. How are 4. Does; have 5. Who do
四、选词填空（8分）
1. ways 2. Both 3. share 4. same 5. different 6. but 7. likes 8. Each （多余词：similar）
五、语法填空（7分）
1. the same 2. but 3. Both 4. to 5. hobbies 6. has 7. each other
六、阅读理解（20分）
Passage 1
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B
Passage 2
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C
七、阅读简答（10分）
1. They look similar and they are both tall.
2. They study hard and help each other.
3. He likes playing football and running.
4. He is quiet and smart.
5. Yes, they are.
八、信息归纳（5分）
1.outgoing 2.music 3.sports 4.Painting
九、书面表达参考范文（15分）
My Friend and I
I have a good friend named Tom. In some ways, we are the same. We are both tall and like sports. We study hard at school. However, we have some differences. I am outgoing, but he is quiet. I like ball games, but he likes reading. We learn from each other and we are good friends.
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