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北京市北京中学2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试题
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2022, Jeff and his son Johnny participated in the Ironman competition in Cambridge. However, they were not the 1 competitors. Johnny had difficulty in walking, so Jeff acted as his arms and legs, 2 the weight of his son through the race.
The competition is really 3 . Participants have to finish a triathlon (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles of swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hours. Jeff and Johnny had tried five times, but they had yet finished in time. To them, the Ironman was a way to improve themselves. Every failed 4 only fueled their desire to prove themselves to be more determined. So they entered the 2022 triathlon, hoping for a 5 .
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff helped Johnny into a kayak (独木舟), and eased himself into the water, 6 his son with a rope tied to the kayak. Even though it was hard, the pair finished the swim in 90 minutes. After completing the demanding cycling in nine hours, they set their sights on the final 7 : a 26.2-mile marathon with Jeff pushing Johnny in a racing chair. Having been competing for 10.5 hours, at mile 19, Jeff started to worry, realizing they were going too slow, so they 8 the pace. With 200 feet to the finish line, Johnny began to walk on his own. He worried he couldn’t make the cutoff.
After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with just 4 minutes and 25 seconds to 9 — father and son crossed the finish line together. As the crowd cheered on them, Jeff and Johnny looked back at the finish line. They knew this wasn’t the end of a race. It was the beginning of a new 10 , filled with hope and courage.
1. A．typical B．serious C．qualified D．passionate
2. A．shifting B．testing C．carrying D．cutting
3. A．boring B．tough C．joyous D．relaxing
4. A．attempt B．reaction C．request D．arrangement
5. A．future B．reward C．survival D．breakthrough
6. A．striking B．pushing C．dragging D．wrapping
7. A．proposal B．choice C．solution D．challenge
8. A．picked up B．kept up C．went through D．slowed down
9. A．waste B．spare C．wait D．save
10. A．career B．attitude C．opportunity D．chapter
二、语法填空
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed 11 (work) with the children. What made him feel 12 (satisfy) was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning. Besides teaching, Zhang Tian also 13 (bring) changes to the village. He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. The contribution he made 14 the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy 15 played for the Charlotte Hornets.
Bogues was only 1.6 meters tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Paul was only 1.6 meters tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his 16 (inspire). This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team 17 record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance he had been waiting for.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Perhaps one of the best known Japanese martial 18 (art) today is karate. But did you know that its roots are derived from Fujian Province In the 14th century, a community of Chinese migrants from Fujian settled in 19 was then the kingdom of Okinawa. The Chinese migrants used to gather in a park 20 (enjoy) cultural activities — one of which was kung fu. This soon caught the attention of local youths, who started learning kung fu from their Chinese neighbours.
三、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
A Guide to Freshman
Food Service
The URS Dining Hall opens from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm. It serves all kinds of snacks drinks ice cream and meals. You can pay with your cash or ID cards. You can put your cash into your ID cards at the front desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the URS dining hall you can still use the tables to enjoy meals to have your meetings with your friends and even to study.
Transportation
The you are as experts is a bus service. The bus transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Center. Operation hours are between 9:00 am and 3:00 pm, Saturday only. Round trip fare is $2.
Academic Support
All students have access to the writing center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door, two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. The service is free of charge.
Relaxation
The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, Is available for relaxing, studying, cooking and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10:00 am to 10:00 pm. Closed on Sundays.
21. What can we do in the URS Dining Hall
A．Sell snacks, drinks, ice cream and meals.
B．Have a discussion with our friends.
C．Buy drinks and enjoying concerts.
D．Cook the meals by ourselves.
22. What can the URS Express do for the students
A．Provide the students with campus tools.
B．Take students to the Douglas Hall.
C．Transport the students to and from the stores.
D．Carried the students to the lecture halls.
23. Whom can you get help from for your writing
A．The professors.
B．Volunteers.
C．Trainers.
D．Classmates.
B
The introduction of the iPad, with its touch screen technology, has allowed even very young children to take advantage of a computer. So what if all children in the school were given an iPad to use in class and take home with them
Anne Laure Bazin works in a school where every child, teacher and teaching assistant is given a free iPad to use in and out of lessons. The main advantage of everyone having an iPad has been the improvement in communication. Documents can be emailed straight over to workmates during a meeting. Children hand in their homework by email or through the school’s learning environment. Teachers now take the register using the iPad, which means that there is a centralized record of which children are in school, and which classroom they are in.
The use of iPads has encouraged greater sharing of resources among teachers. All communication with parents is now done by email. Working as a group in class is much easier as children can share documents. The whole class can look at one child’s book by attaching the iPad to the whiteboard. Has forgotten the textbook. The teacher can take a photograph of the relevant and send it to the student in class.
While the use of the iPad in schools has revolutionized the way children are taught, it hasn’t completely replaced more traditional methods of teaching. Worksheets are still used in class as some children prefer the contact. The children all have a textbook and exercise books. In Anne Laure’s school, Parents feared that the iPads would replace and the children would lose handwriting skills. Anne Laure says, “The teachers are not ready to let go of the traditional style of teaching. We have welcomed the iPads in so much as they help communication and widen the resources that can be used. But we are not ready to let go of paper yet. The children themselves still value their exercise books and depend on them for revision.”
24. What can teachers do when everyone uses an iPad in school
A．They can have deep conversations with students.
B．They can have more time to prepare the lessons.
C．They can learn more about students’ activities at home.
D．They can communicate with their workmates more conveniently.
25. What is an advantage of using iPads in the classroom
A．It saves students bringing the textbooks.
B．It reduces parents’ worry about teaching.
C．It improves the relationship between teachers.
D．It makes sharing information easier.
26. What is parents’ attitude towards the use of iPads in the classroom
A．Worried.
B．Uncaring.
C．Annoyed.
D．Positive.
27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Teachers prefer traditional methods of teaching.
B．The iPads won’t take the place of printed materials.
C．More and more schools are using iPads.
D．Exercise books are more valuable now.
C
Whether picturing your next vacation or an ideal mark for an important exam, it is enjoyable to let your mind wander into daydreaming. Also daydreaming allows us to move mentally in time and space, rehearsing (预演) different possible scenes of the future. However, while the benefits of daydreaming were coming to light, psychologist Eli Somer found that some of his patients’ fantasies were replacing real social interactions and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability to maintain daily relationships.
Psychologists call repetitive actions that hold back an individual’s ability to cope with daily life “maladaptive behaviours”. In recent years, Somer has teamed up with others to explore the behaviour. One of their studies compared 340 maladaptive daydreamers with the control group. The former reported that their daydreams were hard to control and disturbed their lives. They spent an average of 56 percent of their waking hours in fantasy worlds featuring imaginary characters and detailed plots (情节). Unlike regular daydreams, theirs often involved rocking from side to side or uncontrollable facial expressions. Other research suggests that maladaptive daydreams can take many forms, from amusing to serious, but they tend to be more emotionally intense than regular daydreams.
Exploring this behaviour further, Somer’s team asked 77 people to keep a diary of the emotions associated with their maladaptive daydreaming. This revealed that it brought increases in negative emotions, along with signs of depression, social anxiety and general anxiety.
The study also found that maladaptive daydreaming was a behavioural addiction. The scientists who first proposed this in 2018 pointed out that, like many addictive tendencies, it offers a momentary escape from stressful thoughts and unfavourable realities.
“Many professionals object to treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Somer. As you would expect for a condition that isn’t yet widely recognised, treatment and management options are still being developed and tested. Monitoring the behaviour, its conditions and emotional consequences (后果) may help individuals control it. Also, practising mindfulness meditation may be helpful in staying in the present rather than escaping to fantasy worlds. Other techniques involve recording occurrences of maladaptive daydreaming and possible causes in a journal, and rewarding personal milestones in preventing these fantasies.
Noam, an Israeli student who has been struggling with maladaptive daydreaming, is proof that maladaptive daydreaming can be managed. Just two months after starting treatment with Somer, his daily daydreaming has fallen from 16 hours to around 7 hours. “I really want to get better, to take pleasure in my life as it is and to love only the people who are part of my life and deserve my care,” he says.
28. What can we learn from the passage
A．Regular daydreams take a wider range of forms.
B．Maladaptive daydreaming is more likely to be habitual.
C．More detailed imaginary plots lead to better daydreaming.
D．Fewer emotional changes are seen in maladaptive daydreams.
29. As for maladaptive daydreaming, which would Somer agree with
A．Experts should take it seriously.
B．It can lead us to preview future events.
C．It provides us with an access to relieving stress.
D．Keeping a journal has proved to be its reliable cure.
30. What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To make a comparison between two kinds of daydreaming.
B．To present the findings of studies on maladaptive daydreaming.
C．To introduce approaches to managing maladaptive daydreaming.
D．To attach importance to dealing with the dark side of daydreaming.
D
Being scooped (抢先) to a discovery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “You get a meaningful advantage for being first, but being scooped may not be as damaging as people seem to fear,” says Carolyn Stein, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge.
The history of science is full of competition. Charles Darwin rushed out his book On the Origin of Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas from Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supporters argued over who invented calculus. Despite the fame of these competitions, scientists know little about how credit is shared among competing discoveries. Theoretical models analysing patent (专利) races, for instance, often suppose that to the winner go all the advantages.
In the real world, however, credit for scientific discoveries is unlikely to be winnertakesall. The cost of being scooped was moderate. Structures that were made public second were only 2.5% less likely ever to be published, although they tended to appear in less famous journals than were structures published first. As a share of total citations out of a 100, the first paper would receive 58 and the second 42.
But when questioned about the effects of being scooped, scientists were much more negative than those data show. They predicted that, out of 100 citations, a scooped paper would receive just 29. But not all scientists were put at a disadvantage equally for coming second. When research teams at leading universities were beaten by a team at a lowerprofile college, the secondplaced team got slightly more citations. And the teams at top departments took an even larger share of citations when they did the scooping.
“But the psychological effects of being scooped cannot be ignored,” says Venki Ramakrishnan, a structural biologist in Cambridge. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, his group raced several teams to determine the structure of the ribosome, a cell machine that produces proteins. In September 2000, a team led by Ada Yonath at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, published the structure of a ribosome subunit in Cell that Ramakrishnan’s team had also characterized. Ramakrishnan’s study came out weeks later in Nature.
“For that month, I and my lab were pretty depressing,” says Ramakrishnan. The researchers worried that they wouldn’t receive proper recognition for their work. That didn’t turn out to be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Yonath’s teams are both credited with working out the ribosome and the scientists each shared onethird of the 2009 Nobel chemistry prize. Ramakrishnan’s paper has roughly twice as many citations as the one that scooped it. In the long run, it didn’t matter.
31. Why does the author mention the book On the Origin of Species
A．To stress the value of scooping.
B．To show discovery races are common.
C．To illustrate fame comes from discoveries.
D．To explain why winners get the advantages.
32. What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Minor.
B．High.
C．Unclear.
D．Controlled.
33. As for Ramakrishnan’s concerns on being scooped, the author considers it ________.
A．understandable
B．unacceptable
C．unnecessary
D．unexpected
34. Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Scooped in Science: Scientists’ Bad Dream
B．Scientific Discoveries: Citations Matter or Not
C．Scientific Discoveries: Should Winners Take All
D．Scooped in Science: Credit Will Come Your Way
七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The moment any birdwatcher spots a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they do is to pull out a phone and identify the species. This suggests curiosity is all about acting now. It drives us to find answers as soon as possible. The impatience for answers mirrors what psychologists think is a main function of curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. ___35___ In a recent study, scientists have found that it can also inspire more patience, setting people up for those moments of discovery.
They asked more than 2,000 people aged 19 to 76 years to watch a series of short videos. Each video started with a blank(空白的) screen. ___36___ While the participants watched each video, the scientists would ask them how curious they were about what the drawing would become. They also made guesses about what the drawing was going to turn into and how much joy or annoyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were more curious, they were more likely to continue watching. ___37___ The experiment also revealed that as people watched the video, curiosity would change across the journey. Yet regardless of how curiosity changed, people with greater curiosity tend to engage in the process.
___38___ First, it underlines the complexity of curiosity, opening new paths for research to explore its varieties. It also highlights the significance of engaging with uncertainty: Having to consider and predict answers can improve learning and memory, and curiosity can promote brain states that help us store new information. Learning new things can be challenging. ___39___
A．But this picture of curiosity is incomplete.
B．However, curiosity makes people eager for knowledge.
C．The possible effects of the research are really impressive.
D．So when uncertainty was greatest, curiosity was experienced with joy.
E．A line would then appear and move around, gradually taking a shape.
F．In other words, higher curiosity motivated people to slow down and be patient.
G．However, making good use of curiosity can help us enjoy the process of learning.
阅读表达
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
How can we avoid food waste in our daily life Rayner Loi has got his own way. He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly.
He believes individual action like this is important to solve the problem of food waste, but he’s also got his sights set higher. In 2017 he founded Lumitics, a company that tracks food waste on a large scale—with the aim of helping hotels and airlines, which serve thousands of meals a day, figure out how much avoidable waste they’re producing.
Equipped with weight sensors, cameras, and AI technology, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recognize and track the type and amount of food that gets thrown out—including whether it’s spoiled, uneaten or kitchen waste. As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction. For instance, Lumitics has helped the hotels it works with reduce food waste considerably, keeping more than 300,000 meals out of landfills in 2019. The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes. Hotel restaurants often operate on relatively thin profits, “so any savings for them actually is really significant for their business,” he says.
Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. He sees food waste as one of the most overlooked problems facing the world. “I think my generation desperately long for meaning and purpose in our lives, so we want to work on challenging problems and create solutions that will bring about deep impact for the world,” he says, “what our group want to achieve is really clear in terms of the number of meals saved and the amount of carbon emissions (排放) avoided.”
40. How does Rayner Loi know how much food he eats in a week
41. What benefits does Lumitics bring to its customers
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.
Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life.
43. Apart from Rayner Loi’s way of saving food, how do you avoid food waste in your daily life (In about 40 words)
四、书信写作
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你喜欢的一项运动；
2.这项运动给你带来的益处；
3.关于运动的建议。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
参考答案
一、完形填空 110 ACBAD CDABD
二、语法填空
11.working 12.satisfied 13.brought 14.to 15.who/that 16.inspiration 17.whose 18.arts 19.what 20.to enjoy
三、阅读理解
2123 BCB 2427 DDAB 2830 BAB 3134 BAAD
七选五 3539 AEFCG
阅读表达
40. By keeping a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home.
41. It helps them reduce food waste and bring economic benefits/savings for their business.
42. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of **food shortage in his own life**. Because he got the idea when working in Singapore and seeing kids go hungry instead of his own foodshortage experience.
43. I will cook proper amounts of food each time. When ordering takeout, I choose suitable portions. I also make full use of leftovers instead of throwing them away.
范文
Dear Jim,
I’m glad to receive your email. My favourite sport is running.
Running does me a lot of good. It builds up my body and helps me relieve pressure from study. Whenever I feel tired, running makes me energetic again.
Here are some tips for you. Choose proper sports you like and stick to them. Remember to warm up before exercise to avoid injury.
Hope my information is helpful to your survey.
Yours
Li Hua

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