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【优生拔尖】八年级下册精编知识清单和拔高自测卷
Unit 5 Nature's Temper
精简知识清单：提炼单元必考核心，去冗余、重考点，适配背诵、考前速记。拔高自测卷：贴合单元重难点，适度拔高，侧重语法迁移、语境运用与书面表达，适配优生提分。
第一部分 精简核心知识清单
一、核心必考词汇（词形转换重点）
1. temper (n.) 脾气；性情 → bad-tempered (adj.) 脾气暴躁的
2. storm (n.) 暴风雨 → stormy (adj.) 暴风雨的；猛烈的
3. wind (n.) 风 → windy (adj.) 有风的
4. rain (n./v.) 雨；下雨 → rainy (adj.) 下雨的；多雨的
5. cloud (n.) 云 → cloudy (adj.) 多云的
6. snow (n./v.) 雪；下雪 → snowy (adj.) 下雪的
7. freeze (v.) 冻结；结冰 → freezing (adj.) 极冷的；结冰的
8. frighten (v.) 使害怕 → frightened (adj.) 感到害怕的；frightening (adj.) 令人害怕的
9. sudden (adj.) 突然的 → suddenly (adv.) 突然地
10. violent (adj.) 猛烈的 → violence (n.) 猛烈；暴力
11. rise (v.) 上升；升起 12. drop (v.) 下降；落下
二、高频必背短语
1. nature's temper 大自然的脾气 2. bad weather 恶劣天气
3. heavy rain/storm 大雨/强暴风雨 4. strong wind 大风
5. all of a sudden 突然 6. blow hard 猛烈地吹
7. drop quickly 快速下降 8. rise slowly 缓缓上升
9. be frightened of 害怕…… 10. change quickly 变化迅速
11. in bad weather 在恶劣天气下 12. natural disasters 自然灾害
三、核心万能句型
1. Nature sometimes has a bad temper. 大自然有时会发脾气。
2. The weather changes all of a sudden in spring. 春天天气变幻无常。
3. Strong winds blow hard and make the sky dark. 狂风肆虐，天色昏暗。
4. Bad weather brings trouble to our life and travel. 恶劣天气给生活和出行带来麻烦。
5. We should learn to protect ourselves from bad weather. 我们要学会在恶劣天气中保护自己。
四、单元核心语法（重难点精简）
1. 天气类形容词转换（必考）
名词+y变形容词：wind→windy, cloud→cloudy, rain→rainy, snow→snowy
2. -ed/-ing 形容词辨析
frightened （人）感到害怕；frightening （事物）令人害怕
3. all of a sudden 高频固定短语
副词短语，等同于 suddenly，放句首/句中，表“突然”
4. 形容词、副词用法区分
形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词、整句（blow hard / rain heavily）
5. 一般现在时表客观现象
描述天气常态、自然规律，谓语动词注意三单变化
第二部分 单元拔高自测卷
（满分100分 50分钟）
一、单项选择（重难点拔高，每题2分，共20分）
考点聚焦：天气词形转换、形容词辨析、副词用法、固定短语、时态三单、主谓一致
( ) 1. It is ______ today. There is much ______ outside.
A. windy; wind B. wind; windy C. winds; windy D. windy; winds
( ) 2. The ______ storm makes all people feel ______.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightening
C. frightening; frightening D. frightened; frightened
( ) 3. ______, it began to rain heavily when we went out.
A. All of sudden B. All of a sudden C. In sudden D. On a sudden
( ) 4. The wind ______ hard every winter here.
A. blow B. blows C. blowing D. blew
( ) 5. It’s ______ cold outside. Please put on more clothes.
A. freeze B. freezing C. frozen D. freezes
( ) 6. The temperature will ______ quickly at night.
A. drop B. drops C. dropping D. dropped
( ) 7. We should protect ourselves ______ bad weather.
A. for B. from C. with D. at
( ) 8. It is ______ tomorrow, so we can’t go hiking.
A. rain B. rains C. rainy D. raining
( ) 9. Nature sometimes ______ a bad temper.
A. have B. has C. is D. was
( ) 10. —What ______ the weather ______ today —It’s cloudy.
A. is; like B. does; like C. is; look like D. do; look like
二、词汇应用（每空1分，共10分）
考点聚焦：词形转换、形容词副词变形、主谓一致、固定搭配易错点
根据句意及首字母提示或括号内单词适当形式填空。
1. It’s s______ today. The ground is all white with snow.
2. There will be a heavy s______ this evening. Please stay at home.
3. The weather is c______. We can see many clouds in the sky.
4. It rained s______ and no one expected it. (sudden)
5. The little girl is f______ of strong winds and storms.
6. It is ______ (wind) outside. Don’t stay outside too long.
7. Bad weather ______ (bring) us much trouble sometimes.
8. The temperature ______ (drop) very fast in winter nights.
9. This is a ______ (violent) storm in this year.
10. We need ______ (protect) ourselves in terrible weather.
三、句型转换（语法综合拔高，每题1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：词性转换句型、固定短语替换、时态转换、否定句、划线提问
1. It is windy today.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ weather like today
2. Suddenly, it began to rain.（同义句转换）
______ ______ ______ ______, it began to rain.
3. The wind blows hard in winter.（改为否定句）
The wind ______ ______ hard in winter.
4. Bad weather brings us trouble.（改为一般疑问句）
______ bad weather ______ you trouble
5. We should protect ourselves from bad weather.（同义句转换）
We should ______ ourselves ______ bad weather hurt.
四、选词填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共8分，有一个多余选项）
考点聚焦：天气话题词汇、形容词副词辨析、主谓一致、语境搭配
suddenly, windy, storm, drop, frightening, protect, rainy, temper, rise
Nature has its own (1)______. The weather changes quickly. On (2)______ days, the wind blows hard. On (3)______ days, it rains all day. Sometimes a heavy (4)______ comes (5)______. The temperature may (6)______ fast. The terrible weather is (7)______. We must learn to (8)______ ourselves well.
五、语法填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共7分）
考点聚焦：词性转换、固定搭配、时态、主谓一致、不定式综合拔高
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nature is powerful. It sometimes has a bad temper. The weather changes (1)______ (quick) in many places. In (2)______ (wind) days, strong winds blow everywhere. When it is rainy, heavy rain (3)______ (cause) lots of trouble. Sometimes storms come (4)______ (sudden). They are very (5)______ (frighten). It is important for us (6)______ (learn) about bad weather and protect (7)______ (we).
六、阅读理解（两篇短文，共20分）
考点聚焦：天气与自然现象、细节定位、推理判断、词义辨析、主旨提炼
Passage 1（趣味科普应用文）
Changeable Weather
The weather is very changeable in spring. It may be sunny in the morning, but all of a sudden, dark clouds come and it begins to rain heavily. Strong winds often blow and make the temperature drop fast.
Bad weather is common in spring. Storms may come in the afternoon. Many people feel frightened when bad weather comes. It brings trouble to walking, riding and travelling. Students may be late for school and workers may stop their work.
Though we can’t change the weather, we can protect ourselves. We should watch the weather report and get ready for bad weather. In this way, we can stay safe.
( ) 1. The weather in spring is ______.
A. always sunny B. very changeable C. very dry D. always rainy
( ) 2. What may happen all of a sudden in spring
A. It becomes sunny B. It begins to rain heavily
C. The wind stops D. The temperature rises
( ) 3. Bad weather brings ______ to people’s life.
A. happiness B. energy C. trouble D. progress
( ) 4. What should we do to stay safe
A. Never go out B. Watch weather reports and get ready
C. Stay up late D. Ignore bad weather
( ) 5. What is the passage mainly about
A. Changeable spring weather and self-protection B. How to enjoy sunny days
C. The beauty of nature D. How to change weather
Passage 2
Nature is powerful and sometimes it has a bad temper. Wind, rain, snow and storms are all natural weather phenomena. Fine weather makes us comfortable, but bad weather brings many problems.
Strong wind can blow down trees. Heavy rain may cause floods. Storms can make people frightened and stop outdoor activities. The temperature changes greatly on bad weather days.
We must respect nature and learn to protect ourselves. When bad weather comes, we should stay indoors, keep safe and wait for the weather to get better.
( ) 1. Nature is ______ according to the passage.
A. weak B. powerful C. lazy D. quiet
( ) 2. Bad weather will ______.
A. bring problems B. make us comfortable C. help us study D. do good to trees
( ) 3. What may heavy rain cause
A. Strong wind B. Floods C. Snow D. Fire
( ) 4. What should we do on stormy days
A. Play outside B. Stay indoors and keep safe
C. Climb mountains D. Ride bikes
( ) 5. The underlined word “respect” means ______.
A. 畏惧 B. 尊重 C. 忽视 D. 改变
七、阅读简答（每题2分，共10分）
考点聚焦：短文细节抓取、规范英文简答、单元核心句型运用
阅读短文，用简短英文作答。
Nature has a bad temper sometimes. The weather can change very quickly. Sudden strong wind and heavy rain often come in some seasons. Bad weather brings lots of trouble to our life and outdoor activities. We may feel frightened when storms come. We can not change the weather, but we can learn to protect ourselves. We should pay attention to weather reports and stay safe in bad weather.
1. What does nature have sometimes
________________________________________
2. How can the weather change
________________________________________
3. What often comes in some seasons
________________________________________
4. What does bad weather bring to our life
________________________________________
5. What should we do to keep safe
________________________________________
八、信息归纳（每空1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：提炼语篇核心信息，训练文本概括、细节提炼能力
阅读短文，根据短文内容完成信息卡，每空一词。
The weather is changeable. Bad weather includes strong wind, heavy rain and big storms. It brings much trouble to our daily life. To keep safe, we need to watch weather reports carefully. When terrible weather comes, we should stay indoors and protect ourselves well. We should always respect nature.
Topic Bad weather and safety (1)______
Bad weather kinds Strong wind, heavy rain and big (2)______
Influence Bring much (3)______ to daily life
Way to keep safe Watch weather reports and stay (4)______
Attitude to nature (5)______ nature
九、书面表达（综合输出，15分）
拔高要求：熟练运用天气词汇、形容词副词、固定短语、情态动词，句式丰富、逻辑通顺，词数50-70词
请以 Nature's Temper 为题，介绍多变的天气并写出自我保护的方法。
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参考答案
一、单项选择（20分）
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A
二、词汇应用（10分）
1. snowy 2. storm 3. cloudy 4. suddenly 5. frightened
6. windy 7. brings 8. drops 9. violent 10. to protect
三、句型转换（5分）
1. What’s the 2. All of a sudden 3. doesn’t blow 4. Does; bring 5. stop; from
四、选词填空（8分）
1. temper 2. windy 3. rainy 4. storm 5. suddenly 6. drop 7. frightening 8. protect（多余词：rise）
五、语法填空（7分）
1. quickly 2. windy 3. causes 4. suddenly 5. frightening 6. to learn 7. ourselves
六、阅读理解（20分）
Passage 1
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A
Passage 2
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B
七、阅读简答（10分）
1. It has a bad temper sometimes.
2. It can change very quickly.
3. Sudden strong wind and heavy rain often come.
4. It brings lots of trouble to our life and outdoor activities.
5. We should pay attention to weather reports and stay safe.
八、信息归纳（5分）
1. tips 2. storms 3. trouble 4. indoors 5. Respect
九、书面表达
参考范文（15分）
Nature's Temper
Nature has a changeable temper. The weather can change quickly. It may be sunny, and then all of a sudden, strong winds and heavy storms come. Bad weather brings trouble to our life. To keep safe, we should watch weather reports. When bad weather comes, we’d better stay indoors and protect ourselves well.
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