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【优生拔尖】八年级下册精编知识清单和拔高自测卷
Unit 8 Making a Difference
精简知识清单：浓缩单元必考核心，去繁留简，聚焦背诵考点，适配考前速记。拔高自测卷：贴合单元志愿服务、助人成长主题，巩固动词不定式、情态动词等重难点，语境拔高，适配优生刷题提分。
第一部分 精简核心知识清单
一、核心必考词汇（词形转换重点）
1. difference (n.) 差异；改变 → different (adj.) 不同的 → make a difference 有影响；起作用
2. volunteer (n./v.) 志愿者；自愿 → voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的
3. help (v./n.) 帮助 → helpful (adj.) 有帮助的 → helpless (adj.) 无助的
4. care (v./n.) 关心；照料 → careful (adj.) 仔细的 → careless (adj.) 粗心的
5. cheer (v.) 欢呼；鼓舞 → cheerful (adj.) 开朗的；令人振奋的
6. donate (v.) 捐赠 → donation (n.) 捐赠；捐款
7. improve (v.) 改善；提升 → improvement (n.) 改进；进步
8. lonely (adj.) 孤独的；寂寞的 → alone (adj./adv.) 独自的（地）
9. disabled (adj.) 残疾的 → disable (v.) 使残疾；使无效
10. satisfy (v.) 使满意 → satisfied (adj.) 满意的 → satisfaction (n.) 满足感
二、高频必背短语
1. make a difference 有影响；带来改变 2. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
3. cheer up 使振奋；使高兴 4. care for 照顾；关爱
5. help out 帮忙；协助解决困难 6. give away 捐赠；赠送
7. come up with 想出（主意、办法） 8. put off 推迟；延期
9. take part in 参加（活动） 10. in need 处于困境中；有需要
11. improve oneself 提升自我 12. bring happiness to others 给他人带来快乐
三、核心万能句型
1. Small acts can make a big difference to the world. 微小的举动也能改变世界。
2. We can volunteer to help people in need in our free time. 我们可以在空闲时间志愿帮助有需要的人。
3. Helping others not only helps others but also improves ourselves. 助人不仅温暖他人，也成就自我。
4. It’s meaningful for us to do voluntary work. 做志愿工作对我们来说很有意义。
5. We should try our best to bring warmth and happiness to others. 我们应尽力为他人带去温暖与快乐。
四、单元核心语法（重难点精简）
1. 动词不定式作宾语/状语（单元核心必考）
常用搭配：volunteer to do / try to do / hope to do / decide to do / plan to do sth. 不定式表目的、意愿和计划。
2. It 形式主语句型（写作高频）
It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的（meaningful/helpful/important）
3. not only...but also... 并列结构
不仅……而且……，连接并列成分，遵循就近一致原则。
4. 情态动词表建议与义务
should/ought to/must/need to do sth. 多用于志愿服务、助人为乐类话题写作。
5. alone & lonely 易混辨析
alone 侧重“独自（无人陪伴）”，无感彩；lonely 侧重“内心孤独、寂寞”，含消极情感。
第二部分 单元拔高自测卷
（满分100分 50分钟）
一、单项选择（重难点拔高，每题2分，共20分）
考点聚焦：动词不定式、易混形容词、固定短语、情态动词、就近原则、核心句型
( ) 1. Small kind acts can ______ a big difference to our society.
A. make B. do C. take D. give
( ) 2. The girl volunteers ______ old people clean their rooms every weekend.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
( ) 3. He lives ______, but he never feels ______.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
( ) 4. We need to ______ some good ideas to help the homeless people.
A. come up with B. look for C. give up D. put out
( ) 5. You should ______ your best to help people ______ need.
A. do; on B. try; in C. make; for D. take; at
( ) 6. It is meaningful for us ______ voluntary work in our spare time.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
( ) 7. Helping others can ______ our confidence and make us happier.
A. improve B. change C. refuse D. forget
( ) 8. We should cheer ______ the kids who feel sad and lonely.
A. up B. on C. off D. out
( ) 9. Not only my classmates but also our teacher ______ to do volunteer work.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked
( ) 10. We can ______ our old books to the children in poor areas.
A. give away B. give up C. give in D. give out
二、词汇应用（每空1分，共10分）
考点聚焦：词形转换、不定式搭配、形容词辨析、主谓一致、固定搭配易错点
根据句意及首字母提示或括号内单词适当形式填空。
1. Everyone can make a d______ if they try their best.
2. We should c______ for the old and disabled people around us.
3. Doing volunteer work brings us much s______ and happiness.
4. The kind volunteers always make lonely kids c______.
5. We need to i______ ourselves by helping and learning from others.
6. It’s ______ (help) to do voluntary work for people in need.
7. Many students ______ (volunteer) to clean the community last week.
8. Helping others not only warms others but also ______ (warm) ourselves.
9. He feels ______ (satisfy) when he helps others out of trouble.
10. We decide ______ (take) part in more public welfare activities.
三、句型转换（语法综合拔高，每题1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：不定式句型、同义转换、否定句、一般疑问句、划线提问
1. It is meaningful to help people in need.（改为同义句）
______ people in need is meaningful.
2. He volunteers to do community work every month.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ to do community work every month.
3. Small acts make a big difference.（改为一般疑问句）
______ small acts ______ a big difference
4. We should cheer up the lonely children.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ we do to help lonely children
5. Helping others improves ourselves.（改为同义句）
Helping others is helpful for our ______.
四、选词填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共8分，有一个多余选项）
考点聚焦：单元话题词汇、词形辨析、固定搭配、语境语法综合运用
difference, cheer, volunteer, lonely, satisfy, help, improve, care, meaning
Many people choose to do (1)______ work in their free time. No one wants to be (2)______, so we should (3)______ for others. Small kind acts can make a great (4)______ to others’ lives. We can (5)______ up sad kids and (6)______ people in need. These acts are full of (7)______ and can also help us (8)______ ourselves.
五、语法填空（语篇拔高，每空1分，共7分）
考点聚焦：不定式、词形转换、主谓一致、固定句型、连词综合拔高
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Volunteering is a great way (1)______ (help) others. It is important for us (2)______ (show) kindness to people around us. Many old people feel lonely and they need us (3)______ (care) for them. When we help others, we can get much (4)______ (satisfy). Not only our spirits (5)______ (be) lifted, but also we can (6)______ (improve) ourselves. Small acts can change the world, so let’s try (7)______ (we) best to make a difference.
六、阅读理解（两篇短文，共20分）
考点聚焦：志愿服务、助人为乐话题、细节定位、推理判断、词义辨析、主旨提炼
Passage 1
Volunteering is a wonderful activity for teenagers. It means giving our time and love to help others without getting money. We can do many kinds of volunteer work, such as cleaning the community, helping disabled people and cheering up lonely kids.
Volunteering can make a big difference. It helps people in need and brings warmth to the world. At the same time, we can learn new skills, become more confident and improve ourselves. We don’t need to do great things. Small kind acts are also meaningful. Everyone can make the world better with love.
( ) 1. What is volunteering according to the passage
A. Working for money B. Helping others for free
C. Playing with friends D. Studying at home
( ) 2. Which of the following is NOT volunteer work
A. Cleaning the community B. Helping disabled people
C. Cheering up lonely kids D. Shopping for fun
( ) 3. What can volunteering help teenagers do
A. Learn new skills B. Become less confident
C. Waste free time D. Change their hobbies
( ) 4. The writer thinks small kind acts are ______.
A. useless B. meaningful C. boring D. difficult
( ) 5. What is the best title of the passage
A. The Meaning of Volunteering B. How to Spend Free Time
C. Ways to Improve Study D. Different Kinds of Hobbies
Passage 2
Many students think they are too young to make a difference. But this is not true. You don’t need to do big things to help others. Simple acts can also bring great changes. You can help your classmates with their study, give away your old clothes to poor kids, or take care of lonely old people in your neighborhood.
Helping others is helping ourselves. When we bring happiness to others, we will also feel happy and satisfied. It teaches us to be kind, responsible and thankful. If everyone tries to do small good things, our world will become much warmer and more beautiful.
( ) 1. Many students think they are ______ to make a difference.
A. too old B. too young C. very smart D. very kind
( ) 2. What can students do to help others
A. Help classmates with study B. Waste food and water
C. Stay up late every day D. Refuse to help others
( ) 3. What feeling will we get when we help others
A. Sad and tired B. Happy and satisfied
C. Lonely and bored D. Shy and nervous
( ) 4. What can helping others teach us
A. To be lazy B. To be responsible and kind
C. To refuse others D. To waste time
( ) 5. The passage mainly tells us that ______.
A. only big things can change the world B. small good acts also matter
C. students needn’t help others D. helping others is hard work
七、阅读简答（每题2分，共10分）
考点聚焦：短文细节抓取、规范英文简答、单元核心句型运用
阅读短文，用简短英文作答。
Everyone can make a difference in the world. We don’t need to do great or difficult things. Small voluntary acts are enough. We can help people in need, cheer up lonely people and give away useful things. Volunteering not only brings warmth to others but also helps us improve ourselves. It makes our life more meaningful. Let’s keep doing small good things to make the world better.
1. Who can make a difference in the world
________________________________________
2. What kind of acts can help change the world
________________________________________
3. What can we do to help others
________________________________________
4. What are the advantages of volunteering
________________________________________
5. What should we keep doing according to the passage
________________________________________
八、信息归纳（每空1分，共5分）
考点聚焦：提炼语篇核心信息，训练文本概括、细节提炼能力
阅读短文，根据短文内容完成信息卡，每空一词。
Volunteering is meaningful for teenagers. We can do small kind acts to help people in need, such as cheering up lonely people and giving away things. These small acts can make a great difference to the world. Volunteering brings warmth to others. Meanwhile, it helps teenagers improve themselves and get satisfaction. We should stick to doing good things.
Topic Meaningful voluntary (1)______
Small acts Cheer up lonely people and (2)______ things
Influence on world Make a great (3)______
Influence on others Bring (4)______ to others
Influence on ourselves Improve ourselves and get (5)______
九、书面表达（综合输出，15分）
拔高要求：熟练运用单元不定式、固定短语、万能句型，句式丰富、逻辑通顺，词数50-70词
请以 Making a Difference 为题，谈谈如何通过小事帮助他人、改变世界。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、单项选择（20分）
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A
二、词汇应用（10分）
1. difference 2. care 3. satisfaction 4. cheerful 5. improve
6. helpful 7. volunteered 8. warms 9. satisfied 10. to take
三、句型转换（5分）
1. Helping 2. doesn’t volunteer 3. Do; make 4. What should 5. improvement
四、选词填空（8分）
1. volunteer 2. lonely 3. care 4. difference 5. cheer 6. help 7. meaning 8. improve（多余词：satisfy）
五、语法填空（7分）
1. to help 2. to show 3. to care 4. satisfaction 5. are 6. improve 7. our
六、阅读理解（20分）
Passage 1
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A
Passage 2
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B
七、阅读简答（10分）
1. Everyone can make a difference.
2. Small voluntary acts can help change the world.
3. We can help people in need, cheer up lonely people and give away useful things.
4. It brings warmth to others and helps us improve ourselves.
5. We should keep doing small good things.
八、信息归纳（5分）
1. acts 2. give away 3. difference 4. warmth 5. satisfaction
九、书面表达参考范文（15分）
Making a Difference
Everyone can make a difference to the world. We don’t need to do great things. We can do small kind acts in our daily life. We can volunteer to help people in need, cheer up lonely people and give away useful things. Doing voluntary work is meaningful. It not only warms others but also helps us improve ourselves. Let’s stick to small good acts to make the world better.
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