Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B要点全解 人教版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B要点全解 人教版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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新人教版八年级上册
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B 要点全解
1 We Can’t Live Without Bees 没有蜜蜂我们无法生存
(1)without 〔介词〕没有;缺乏
后接名词、人称代词宾格或动词 ing形式,用来表示伴随或假设的情况。反义词为with(具有;带有)。
- without doing sth 没有做某事
Fish can’t live without water.
没有水,鱼就活不了。
He left the room without saying a word.
他一句话也没说就离开了房间。
拓展:一般情况下,含有without的句子可以和含有if…not…结构的句子进行同义句转换。
I couldn’t finish the work without your help.
= If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t finish the work.
没有你的帮助,我就完不成这项工作。
2 Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate.
想象一下,你去当地的超市,但是那里几乎没有水果、蔬菜、蜂蜜、牛奶、鸡蛋或巧克力。
(1) imagine 〔及物动词〕想象;猜想
后接名词、代词、动词 ing形式或从句作宾语。
- imagine (sb) doing sth 想象(某人)做某事
Imagine life without hot water.
想象一下没有热水的生活。
Can you imagine (Mr Smith) living alone on a lonely island
你能想象得出(史密斯先生)一个人在荒岛上生活吗?
I can’t imagine what our life will be like in 2050.
我无法想象2050年我们的生活会是什么样的。
(2) honey
①〔不可数名词〕蜂蜜
I like to put some honey in my tea.
我喜欢在茶里加些蜂蜜。
②〔名词〕(爱称)亲爱的
Honey, come here and help me with the housework.
亲爱的,过来帮我做做家务。
3 Disappointed 失望?
disappointed 〔形容词〕失望的;沮丧的
常用来说明人的一种感受,多在句中作表语。
- be disappointed with/in… 对……感到失望
- be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
Don’t be disappointed with yourself.
别对自己失望。
She was disappointed in her favourite band’s new song.
她对自己最喜欢的乐队的新歌感到失望。
Bob was disappointed to lose the match, but he never gave up.
鲍勃因输掉比赛而失望,但他从未放弃。
拓展
① disappointing〔形容词〕令人失望的
通常用来说明事物所具有的特征,可在句中作表语或定语。
We are all very disappointed, because the news is too disappointing.
我们都很失望,因为这个消息太令人失望了。
② disappoint〔动词〕(使)失望
The result disappointed him.
结果使他失望。
4 At this moment you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected.
这时你就会意识到,人类、植物和动物都是相联系的。
connected〔形容词〕连接的;相关的
- be connected with/to… 与……相连;与……有关联
Food is closely connected with its local culture.
食物和当地的文化密切相关。
The computer is connected to the printer.
电脑与打印机相连。
拓展
① connect〔及物动词〕关联;连接
- connect…with/to… 把……和……连接/联系起来
A railway connects Beijing with Shanghai.
一条铁路连接北京和上海。
As an international language, English connects you with others in the world.
作为一门国际语言,英语连接着你和世界上的其他人。
② connection〔名词〕联系;连接;关系
There’s a connection between hard work and success.
努力工作和成功之间有关系。
5 This action helps plants grow. 这一行为有助于植物生长。
action 〔名词〕行动;行为
- take action (to do sth) 采取行动(做某事)
The police took action soon.
警察很快采取了行动。
We should take action to protect animals.
我们应该采取行动保护动物。
拓展 action movies 动作影片
6 In fact, without their work, about 80 per cent of the plants in the world cannot grow.
事实上,如果没有它们的工作,世界上大约百分之八十的植物都无法生长。
(1) in fact 确切地说;实际上
其中fact是名词,意为“现实;事实”。
In fact, she is talented in music.
事实上,她有音乐天赋。
Few people know the fact.
知道这个事实的人不多。
(2) per cent (=percent)
①〔名词〕百分之……
常用于“基数词+per cent+of”结构。“基数词+per cent+of+名词/代词”在句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后的名词或代词的情况而定。若名词或代词为复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式;若名词为不可数名词、单数名词或代词表示单数意义,谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式。
Seventy per cent of the apples are red.
百分之七十的苹果是红的。
Twenty per cent of the water is carried away.
百分之二十的水被水裹挟。
②〔形容词&副词〕每一百中
a 15 per cent discount 15%的折扣
Sales are up 5 per cent. 销售额上升了5%。
7 For this reason, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet.
出于这个原因,许多科学家认为蜜蜂是这个星球上最重要的动物。
for this reason 出于这个原因
常位于句首,一般用逗号与后面的部分隔开。
For this reason, I didn’t go to the party last night.
出于这个原因,我昨晚没去参加聚会。
He was late for school. For this reason, he missed the first class.
他上学迟到了。出于这个原因,他错过了第一节课。
8 For example, they work hard together to make their homes.
例如,它们一起努力建造家园。
work hard together(to do sth) 共同努力/齐心协力做某事
The Chinese Dream can come true if we work hard together.
如果我们共同努力,中国梦就能实现。
Friends work hard together to help each other.
朋友们一起努力,互相帮助。
拓展 pull together (一群人)同心协力,通力合作
If we all pull together, we’ll finish on time.
我们大家如果同心协力,就能按时完成。
9 In order to store honey, they create honeycombs.
为了储存蜂蜜,它们建造蜂巢。
(1) in order to 为了;以便
后接动词原形,可放在句首,也可放在句中。in order to…的否定结构为 in order not to do…。
In order to look after his parents, he returned to work in his hometown.
为了照顾父母,他回到家乡工作。
She started at five o’clock in order not to be late.
为了不迟到,她五点就出发了。
拓展 in order that 为了,目的是
也表示目的,后接从句。若in order that后从句的主语与主句主语一致,可与in order to进行同义改写。
He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time.
= He gets up early in order to get to work on time.
他早起的目的是按时上班。
(2) store
①〔及物动词〕贮存;存储
Some animals store a lot of food for the winter.
一些动物储存大量过冬的食物。
People often store food in the fridge in summer.
夏天人们经常把食物存储在冰箱里。
②〔可数名词〕百货商店;商店
I bought two pens at the store.
我在商店买了两支钢笔。
10 Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate.
关于蜜蜂的另一件趣事是它们如何交流。
communicate 〔动词〕
①交流;沟通
communicate with sb 与某人交流
He can’t communicate in English.
他无法用英语与人交流。
Students can communicate with teachers through apps.
学生可通过应用软件与老师沟通。
②传达,传递(意见、感情、消息等)
He communicates his ideas very clearly.
他能非常清楚地传达他的想法。
拓展 communication〔不可数名词〕表达;交流
Good communication helps solve problems quickly.
良好的沟通有助于快速解决问题。
11 Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet.
蜜蜂在我们星球的生态系统中起着重要的作用。
play a part (in sth) (在……中)起作用;参与某事
其后可接名词、代词或动词 ing形式。意为“(在……中)起作用”时,同义短语为play a role in;意为“参与某事”时,同义短语为take part in。
Education can play a part in it.
教育可以在其中起到作用。
Mr Black didn’t play a part in making this decision.
布莱克先生并没有参与做此决定。
12 However, the number of bees is dropping.
然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此感到担忧。
辨析:the number of 与 a number of
两者后都可跟可数名词复数形式,虽仅有冠词不同,但意义和用法却大不相同。
the number of ……的数量 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
a number of 许多,相当于many 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
The number of the students in our class is 50.
我们班的学生人数是50。
A number of students are playing soccer on the playground.
许多学生正在操场上踢足球。
13 Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do.
蜜蜂需要我们的帮助,而且我们能做很多事情。
a lot
①很多,大量,相当于名词短语。
Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there’s a lot.
有时候我们这儿(下)雪很少,有时候却又(下)很多。
②很,非常,副词短语,在句中表示程度。
It rains a lot at this time of year.
每年这个时候都经常下雨。
拓展 a lot of/lots of 许多……
后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life.
有许多非常好的中国谚语,它们中许多是关于如何好好生活的。
14 Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth.
想想你能做些什么来保护地球上最神奇的动物之一。
protect 〔动词〕保护;防护
protect…from/against… 保护……免受……
Protecting nature is to protect ourselves.
保护大自然就是保护我们自己。
She is wearing sunglasses to protect her eyes from the strong sunlight.
她正戴着太阳镜以保护眼睛免受强烈阳光的伤害。
拓展 protection〔不可数名词〕保护;保卫
The hat will give protection against the sun.
这顶帽子可遮阳。
15 importance 重要性
importance〔不可数名词〕重要性
形容词形式是important,意为“重要的”。
the importance of(doing) sth (做)某事的重要性
be of great/no importance 很重要 / 不重要
He began to realize the importance of studying hard.
他开始意识到努力学习的重要性。
Online safety is of great importance to students.
网络安全对学生非常重要。
16 What do you know about the connection between humans and other insects, such as ants and butterflies
你对人类和其他昆虫——比如蚂蚁和蝴蝶之间的联系有什么了解?
(1) human
①〔可数名词〕人;人类,与human beings同义,其复数形式是humans。
Dogs can hear much better than humans.
狗的听觉比人的听觉灵敏得多。
Humans and nature should live in peace.
人类与自然应和谐共处。
②〔形容词〕人的;人类的
There are many different cell types in the human body.
人体中有许多不同的细胞类型。
Human creativity makes the world better.
人类的创造力让世界更美好。
(2) 辨析:such as 与 for example
二者都表示“例如”,但用法不同:
such as for example
常用来列举整体之中的部分同类的人或事物,前面一般用逗号和句子隔开,后面没有逗号,直接加名词或名词性短语 常用来列举整体之中的一个,在句子中多用作插入语,位置可以在句首、句中或句末,前后都用逗号与句子隔开
China has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen.
中国有许多大城市,比如北京、上海、深圳。
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.
例如,噪声也是一种污染。
17 They are home to many birds.
它们是许多鸟类的家园。
be home to sb/sth 有……栖息;是……的家乡
The forest is home to many of wild animals.
这片森林是许多野生动物的栖息地。
This small town is home to my grandparents.
这个小镇是我祖父母的家乡。
18 happiness 幸福;快乐
happiness〔不可数名词〕幸福;快乐
I want to share my happiness with you.
我想和你分享我的幸福。
拓展:英语中,有些形容词加后缀 ness可构成名词,表示性质、状态。
good → goodness 美德;ill → illness 疾病;sad → sadness 悲伤
19 It weighs a ton. 它非常重。
ton〔可数名词〕吨
An elephant weighs several tons.
一头大象重达几吨。
拓展 tons of 大量的;许多的
后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,相当于a lot of/lots of。
She often gets tons of presents on her birthday.
她在生日那天收到很多礼物。
They have tons of work to do.
他们有很多工作要做。
20 You may not realize it, but frogs play an important role in our planet’s ecosystem.
你可能没有意识到,但青蛙在我们行星的生态系统中起着重要的作用。
play a role (in)
①(在……中)发挥作用;(在……中)有影响
其中role用作名词,意为“作用;职能;角色”。同义短语:play a part(in sth)。
Schools play an important role in society.
学校在社会的角色中起着重要的作用。
②扮演角色
He will play an important role in the movie.
他将在这部电影中扮演一个重要的角色。
21 The smallest frogs are about the size of a pea, while larger ones can grow as big as a human hand.
最小的青蛙大约只有豌豆那么大,而较大的青蛙能长到人类手掌那么大。
while〔连词〕
①而;然而,表示两种情况的对比。
I like coffee while my sister likes tea.
我喜欢喝咖啡,而我姐姐喜欢喝茶。
②与……同时;当……的时候
引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。它强调主句的动作是在从句的动作发生的过程中发生的,或者主句与从句的动作几乎同时进行。
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
当我们在说话时,老师进来了。
I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.
我妈妈在做饭时,我在做家庭作业。
22 However, not everyone understands their importance in nature.
然而,并不是每个人都了解它们在自然界中的重要性。
部分否定
not与every及含有every的不定代词连用时,表示部分否定,意为“并不是每个……”。
Not everyone is interested in the movie.
并不是每个人都对这部电影感兴趣。
拓展
① not与all连用,意为“并不是所有的;并不都”,表示部分否定。
Not all animals live in forests.
并不是所有的动物都生活在森林里。
② not与both连用,意为“并不是两个都”,表示部分否定。
Both of them are not good at dancing.
并不是他们两个都擅长跳舞。
23 Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see.
许多人喜欢看蓝鲸游泳,他们认为这是最美丽的景象之一。
辨析:watch sb/sth do sth 与 watch sb/sth doing sth
- watch sb/sth do sth 观看某人/某物做某事,强调看到动作发生的全过程。
- watch sb/sth doing sth 观看某人/某物正在做某事,强调看到动作正在进行。
I often watch my grandmother make paper cut.
我经常看奶奶剪纸。
When I passed the park, I watched people practising Tai Chi.
我路过公园时,看到人们在练太极。
24 Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean.
蓝鲸生活在除北冰洋以外的所有海洋中。
辨析:except, except for, but 与 besides
except 除……之外,着重强调在同类人或事物中除去一个或几个人或物,表示一种排除关系,有“减去”之意
except for 除……之外,表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用,和except的用法基本相同
but 除……之外,更强调调整句的内容,习惯上用于no,nothing,anything等词之后
besides 除……之外,指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意
We are all here except/but Tom.
除汤姆之外,我们都在这里。(不包括Tom)
He is a good man except for his bad temper.
除了脾气有点儿差之外,他是一个好人。
She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么都做不了。
Besides milk, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。(也需要牛奶)
25 This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem.
这些食物能维持一年多,有助于创造一个生机勃勃、健康的生态系统。
(1) last
①〔不及物动词〕持续,延续,常与时间段连用。
How long will the bad weather last
这种坏天气会持续多久?
Our summer vacation lasts long, for nearly two months.
我们的暑假时间很长,将近两个月。
②〔形容词〕上一个的;刚过去的;最后的
last week 上周
the last bus 末班公共汽车
③〔副词〕最后;上一次;最后一次
When did you last see him
你上一次见到他是什么时候?
26 How long they live 它们的寿命
辨析:how long, how often, how soon 与 how far
how long 多长时间;(物体)多长 用来询问时间的长短或物体的长度
how often 多久一次 用来提问动作发生的频率,常用表示频率的词或短语作答
how soon 多久以后 用来询问将来的时间,提问时,答句多用“in+时间段”
how far 多远 用来询问距离,指路程的远近
—How long did it take them to paint the building
他们粉刷那座大楼花了多长时间?
—How long is the ruler
这把尺子有多长?
—How often do you exercise
你多久锻炼一次?
—Three times a week. 一周三次。
—How soon will they come back
他们多久以后回来?
—In two weeks. 两周后。
—How far is it from here to the park
这儿离公园有多远?

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