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新人教版八年级上册
Unit 3 Same or Different Section B 要点全解
1 Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different.
有些人认为朋友应该相似，但也有些人认为朋友应该不同。
alike
①〔形容词〕相像的
在句中常作表语，不用于名词前作定语。
同义词为 similar。
The two sisters are very alike.
这两姐妹非常相像。
②〔副词〕相似地
They dress alike.
他们穿得很相似。
Great minds think alike.［谚］英雄所见略同。
拓展
① be like 像……一样
多用来描述性格，更侧重人的个性特征，有时也用来描述外貌。
Kate is like her mother. They are both quiet.
凯特像她的妈妈。她们都很文静。
—What’s your sister like 你姐姐怎么样？
—She is kind. 她很善良。
② look like 看起来像
常用来描述外貌，强调外观上像。
Kate looks like her mother. They are both tall and thin.
凯特看起来像她的妈妈。她们两人都又高又瘦。
—What does your sister look like
你姐姐长什么样子？
—She is tall, and has long black hair.
她高个子，有一头乌黑的长发。
2 I think a good friend is like a mirror.
我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。
mirror〔可数名词〕镜子
be like a mirror 像一面镜子
look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子
The calm lake is like a mirror, reflecting the blue sky and white clouds above.
平静的湖面像一面镜子，倒映着上方的蓝天和白云。
He looked at himself in the mirror.
他照了照镜子。
3 We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests.
我们经常一起出去玩，因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。
interest
①〔名词〕业余爱好；兴趣
- have an interest in(= be interested in) 对……感兴趣
- show interest in 对……表现出兴趣
- lose interest in 对……失去兴趣
He has an interest in old coins.
= He is interested in old coins.
他对古币感兴趣。
②〔及物动词〕使感兴趣
That book may interest you.
那本书也许会使你感兴趣。
拓展
① interesting〔形容词〕有趣的
主语 / 修饰对象通常是事物、事件或具有有趣特质的人。
② interested〔形容词〕感兴趣的
主语 / 修饰对象只能是人。
We are all interested in the interesting movie.
我们都对这部有趣的电影感兴趣。
4 For example, we both love sport.
例如，我们都热爱运动。
both
①〔代词〕两个，两个都
放在系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
both of…… ……两者都
My parents are both workers.
我的父母都是工人。
We both want to go to the party.
我们两个都想去参加聚会。
Both of them are my good friends.
他们两个都是我的好朋友。
②〔形容词〕两个的
both…and… ……和……都
Both answers are right.
两个答案都对。
Both Danny and Jenny like reading poems.
丹尼和珍妮都喜欢读诗。
5 Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I’m getting better at badminton.
正因为如此，我练习的时候更加努力，现在我在羽毛球打得更好了。
(1) 辨析：because of 与 because
- because of：介词短语，后面可接名词(短语)、代词、动词 ing形式。
- because：连词，引导原因状语从句。
Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.
由于漫长寒冷的冬季，冰岛有很短的生长季。
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
他没来上学，因为他生病了。
(2) get better at… 在……方面变得更好；更擅长……
此处 better 是 good 的比较级。get better at 强调一个逐渐进步、提升的过程。
I’m getting better at playing the guitar by practising every day.
通过每天练习，我弹吉他越来越好了。
拓展
be good at… 擅长……（描述状态）
be better at… 更擅长……
I am good at painting. 我擅长绘画。
They are better at teamwork.
他们更擅长团队合作。
6 I think we should respect each other’s differences and learn from each other.
我认为我们应该尊重彼此的差异并互相学习。
(1) respect
①〔动词〕尊敬；尊重
respect sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而敬重某人
I respect his views. 我尊重他的观点。
She respected him for his honesty.
她因为他的诚实而敬重他。
②〔名词〕尊敬；敬意；尊重
I show respect for your brother.
我尊敬你的哥哥。
(2) difference〔名词〕差别；差异
the difference(s) in… 在……方面的不同
the difference(s) between…and… ……和……之间的不同
make a difference 有作用，有影响
There’s no difference in the results.
结果没有差别。
He is studying the differences between humans and animals.
他正在研究人和动物之间的不同之处。
His words make a difference.
他的话有作用。
拓展
① different〔形容词〕不同的
be different from 与……不同
Her opinion is different from mine.
她的观点和我的不同。
② differently〔副词〕不同地
She behaves differently in front of her parents and friends.
她在父母和朋友面前表现得不一样。
7 For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing.
例如，我有点害羞，但我的好朋友袁磊很外向。
kind of 稍微；有点儿
常用来修饰形容词，kind of 可与 a little/a bit 互换。
The dog is kind of cute.
这只狗有点儿可爱。
拓展 kind
①〔名词〕种类；类型；类别
a kind of… 一种……
all kinds of… 各种各样的……
different kinds of… 不同种类的……
This is a kind of pen. 这是一种钢笔。
She fell in love with all kinds of sports.
她爱上了各种各样的运动。
There are different kinds of animals in the zoo.
动物园里有不同种类的动物。
②〔形容词〕和蔼的；亲切的
be kind to sb 对某人和蔼
It’s kind of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是太好了。
Our teacher is kind to us.
我们的老师对我们很和蔼。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好了。
8 She has a great sense of humour too.
她也很有幽默感。
sense
①〔名词〕理解力；感觉，后常接介词of。
a sense of humour 幽默感
He has a good sense of humour.
他很有幽默感。
She had a strong sense of responsibility.
她责任感很强。
②〔及物动词〕意识到；感觉到
后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。
He sensed danger and stopped.
他意识到了危险并停了下来。
I could sense that something was wrong.
我感到有什么不对劲儿。
9 Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing.
多亏了她，我变得更加外向了。
thanks to 归功于；由于；因为
强调感谢的对象，后可接名词或代词，有时可与 with the help of 或 because of 互换。
Thanks to Miss Lin, we all passed the exam.
= With the help of Miss Lin, we all passed the exam.
多亏了林老师，我们都通过了考试。
拓展 thanks for 意为“因……而感谢”，介词for后接名词、代词或动词 ing形式，表示感谢的原因。
Thanks for showing me how to make dumplings.
谢谢你教我包饺子。
10 Now I think meeting new people is really fun!
现在我觉得结识新朋友很有趣！
动名词(短语)作主语
此处 meeting new people 是动名词短语，在句中作从句的主语。单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
听音乐使我放松。
注意
几个并列的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Listening to English songs and watching English movies are good ways to learn English.
听英文歌曲和看英文电影是学习英语的好方法。
11 He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake.
他不怕表达自己的观点，尤其是当他认为我犯错误的时候。
(1) be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事，不敢做某事
Tom is afraid to go there alone.
汤姆不敢独自去那里。
拓展 afraid 的其他用法：
① be afraid of sth 害怕某事 / 某物
Most of the girls are afraid of snakes.
大多数女孩怕蛇。
② be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
指担心或担忧做某事会引起某种后果。
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.
不要害怕犯错误。
③ be afraid +(that)从句 恐怕……
I’m afraid (that) he can’t come.
恐怕他不能来了。
④ I’m afraid so/not. 恐怕是 / 不是这样。
—Will they arrive on time
他们会准时到达吗？
—I’m afraid not. There is a traffic jam on the road.
恐怕不会。路上堵车了。
(2) opinion〔名词〕看法；意见
give one’s opinion (on/about sth)（就某事物）提出看法 / 意见
in one’s opinion 按某人的意见；在某人看来
Students have different opinions about doing housework.
关于做家务，学生们有不同的看法。
Peter gave his opinion on the ancient building.
彼得对这座古建筑发表了自己的观点。
(3) make a mistake 犯错误
与 make mistakes 同义。
make a mistake/mistakes in… 在……方面犯错误
Did you make a mistake again 你又犯错误了吗？
I used to make mistakes in spelling.
我过去常犯拼写错误。
拓展 by mistake（由于疏忽）错误地，无意地
I’m sorry. I took your pen by mistake.
对不起，我错拿了你的钢笔。
12 I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend.
我没有他那么直率，但我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。
(1) less（little 的比较级）
①〔副词〕较小程度地；较少地；更少地
可用于形容词或副词原级之前构成降级比较，常见结构为“less + 形容词 / 副词原级 + than”，相当于“not as/so…as…”。
Lesson One is less interesting than Lesson Two.
= Lesson One is not as/so interesting as Lesson Two.
第一课不如第二课有趣。
Talk less and do more. 少说话多做事。
②〔形容词或代词〕较少(的)；更少(的)
用作形容词时修饰不可数名词。
Drinking less coffee is good for your health.
少喝咖啡对你的健康有益。
We have less to worry about now.
现在我们要担忧的事少一些了。
(2) straightforward〔形容词〕坦率的；简单的
常在句中作表语或定语。
She’s very straightforward and easy to get on with.
她很坦率，容易相处。
a straightforward matter 一件简单的事情。
(3) honest〔形容词〕坦诚的；诚实的
反义词为 dishonest“不诚实的”；名词形式为 honesty“诚实”。
An honest man does not tell lies.
诚实的人不说谎。
注意 honest 的读音以元音音素开头，因此其前若加不定冠词应用 an。
拓展 to be honest 说实在的
经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与其他成分分隔开。
To be honest, she is not an honest girl.
说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。
13 gives direct opinions 表达直接的观点
direct
①〔形容词〕率直的；直接的
He would not give a direct answer.
他不愿直接回答。
I’m not in direct contact with them.
我和他们没有直接的联系。
②〔动词〕给(某人)指路；指导；导演
Could you direct me to the station
请问到车站怎么走？
③〔副词〕直接地；径直地
We flew direct to Hainan. 我们直飞海南。
14 What can similarities bring to a friendship
相似之处能给友谊带来什么？
(1) similarity〔名词〕相似之处
We can find many similarities between the two languages.
我们能在这两种语言之间找到许多相似之处。
拓展 similar〔形容词〕相像的；类似的
be similar to 与……相像 / 类似的
be similar in 在……方面相似
Your handwriting is very similar to his.
你的笔迹和他的很相似。
The two cars are similar in size.
这两辆车汽车大小相似。
(2) friendship〔名词〕友谊；友情
既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
build/keep/lose friendship 建立 / 维持 / 失去友谊
in friendship 在友谊中
They built a close friendship at school.
他们在学校里建立了亲密的友谊。
Your friendship is very important to me.
你的友情对我非常重要。
Honesty is important in friendship.
诚实在友谊中很重要。
15 The Prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom, are the two characters in Mark Twain’s famous novel, The Prince and the Pauper.
王子爱德华和穷小子汤姆是马克·吐温著名小说《王子与贫儿》中的两个人物。
character〔可数名词〕
①人物；角色
the main character in the film 电影中的主角
Jack is an interesting character in the play.
杰克是剧中一位有趣的人物。
Who plays the main character in the film
谁扮演这部电影的主角？
②个性；性格（多用单数形式）
have a strong/weak character 个性强 / 不强
③字；字母；符号
the Chinese character for“horse”汉字中的“马”
16 They exchanged their lives by accident.
他们偶然交换了生活。
(1) exchange
①〔及物动词〕交换；调换；兑换
exchange…for… 用……换……
exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物
Can I exchange an apple for four oranges
我可以用一个苹果换四个橙子吗？
Can I exchange stamps with you
我可以和你交换邮票吗？
②〔名词〕交换；交流
an exchange student 一名交换生
an exchange of 交换……
in exchange for 交换……
He went to France as an exchange student.
他作为交换生去了法国。
An exchange of ideas is helpful.
交流想法是有帮助的。
He helped others farm work in exchange for books.
他帮助别人做农活以换取书。
(2) by accident 偶然；意外地（同义短语 by chance）
I met her by accident on a crowded bus.
我在拥挤的公共汽车上偶然遇见了她。
Our meeting in Beijing was by accident.
我们在北京的见面是个巧合。
(3) accident〔名词〕意外；(交通)事故
形容词形式为 accidental，意为“意外的；偶然的”。
An accident happened to him on his way to work.
他在上班途中出了事故。
I don’t think our meeting was accidental.
我认为我们的相遇不是偶然的。
17 Besides this, he also realized that people’s lives were much harder than he expected.
除此之外，他还意识到人们的生活比他预料的要艰难得多。
expect〔动词〕预料；期待
主要用法如下：
① expect + 名词 / 代词 期待 / 盼望某事(物)/某人
He is expecting a big meal.
他正盼着一顿大餐。
② expect to do sth 期待 / 预料做某事
Jack expects to play a role in the movie.
杰克期待着在这部电影中扮演一个角色。
③ expect sb to do sth 期待 / 预料某人做某事
Our teacher expects us to win the singing competition.
我们的老师期望我们赢得这次歌唱比赛。
④ expect + that 从句 预计……
I expect that we can reach the top by 11 a.m.
我预计我们能在上午11点前到达山顶。
18 I don’t really care if my friends are similar to or different from me.
我真的不在意我的朋友和我是相似还是不同。
(1) care
①〔动词〕在意；担忧；关心
I don’t care what he thinks.
我不在意他怎么想。
She felt that nobody cared.
她觉得没有人在乎。
②〔不可数名词〕小心；照顾；照看
take care (= be careful) 当心，小心
take care of (= look after) 照顾，照看
Take care not to make too much noise.
注意不要制造太多噪声。
You should take care of yourself.
你应该照顾好自己。
(2) if〔连词〕
① 是否，引导宾语从句，从句时态应根据实际情况而定。
Can you tell me if he can play the drums
你能告诉我他是否会打鼓吗？
② 如果，引导条件状语从句。在含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。
I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我将不和你们一起去那里。
19 She helps me see the silver lining in difficult situations.
她帮助我在困难的情况下看到一线光明。
(1) silver
①〔形容词〕银色的
silver lining 一线光明
an old man with silver hair 一位银发老人
②〔不可数名词〕银；银币；银器；银(灰)色
She received a silver ring as a birthday gift.
她收到一枚银戒指作为生日礼物。
③〔名词〕银牌
He won a silver at the last Olympics.
他在上一届奥运会上获得一枚银牌。
(2) situation〔可数名词〕情况；状况
be in a difficult/an embarrassing situation 处境困难 / 尴尬
If they don’t support us, we will be in a difficult situation.
如果他们不支持我们，我们的处境将会很困难。
We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.
我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。
20 I know she cares about me because she’s always there to listen.
我知道她关心我，因为她总是愿意倾听我的心声。
(1) care about 关心；担心
I know my parents care about me.
我知道我父母关心我。
She cares deeply about the environment.
她对环境深感担忧。
拓展 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
I don’t care for spicy food.
我不太喜欢辛辣食物。
She cares for her sick father.
她照顾她生病的父亲。
(2) be there 随时提供帮助；时刻准备伸手相助；随叫随到；不离……左右
此结构之后还可接 for sb。
My parents were always there for me.
我的父母总是随时给予我帮助。
That’s what I loved about my father he was always there for me.
这就是我喜欢我的父亲的地方——他总是随时给予我帮助。
21 A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
一个真正的朋友会向你伸出援手，触动你的心弦。
(1) reach〔动词〕
①伸手；达到
reach for 伸手触碰
reach for one’s hand 伸手帮某人一把
He reached across the table and picked up the book.
他伸手到桌子对面把书拿起来。
Can you reach for my hand
你能伸手帮我一下吗？
Prices reached a record high last month.
上个月物价达到了创纪录的高水平。
②到达
We reached the station at 8 o’clock.
我们八点钟到达了车站。
③与……取得联系
I tried to reach him by phone.
我试图打电话联系他。
辨析：reach, arrive 与 get
三者均有“到达”之意，表示到达某地时，三者有以下区别：
- reach：及物动词，后直接接地点名词
- arrive：不及物动词，接at用于较小的地点名词前，如村庄、家、学校、车站等；接in用于较大的地点名词前，如国家、城市等。
- get：不及物动词，接to后再接地点名词。
注意 arrive 和 get 后接 home, here, there 等表示地点的副词时，不加介词。
I arrive/get at home at six every day.
我每天6点到家。
(2) touch
①〔及物动词〕触动；感动
touch one’s heart 打动某人的心，使某人感动
The story touched my heart.
这个故事令我感动。
②〔及物动词〕触碰；触摸
Don’t touch the dog! It’s dangerous.
不要摸那只狗！很危险。
③〔名词〕触觉；接触
keep/stay in touch (with sb)（与某人）保持联系
get in touch 取得联系
Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with our friends.
如今，我们能游走全世界，且仍然与我们的朋友保持联系。
22 We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand.
我们总是乐于伸出援手，互相帮助。
lend (sb) a hand 帮助(某人)，与 give (sb) a hand 同义。
Please lend me a hand to clean the room.
请帮我打扫一下房间。
Lend the boy a hand, please. He can’t carry so many bags.
= Give the boy a hand, please. He can’t carry so many bags.
请帮一下那个男孩。他拿不了这么多袋子。

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