Unit 3 Same or Different Section A 要点全解 人教版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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Unit 3 Same or Different Section A 要点全解 人教版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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新人教版八年级上册
Unit 3 Same or Different Section A 要点全解
1 compare
How do we compare with each other
我们如何相互比较?
①〔不及物动词〕比较;对比
compare with 与……相比较;与……类似(或相似)
How does the life in the city compare with the life in the countryside
城市的生活和乡村生活相比怎么样?
This school compares with the best in the country.
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
②〔及物动词〕比较;对比
- compare A with/to B 把A与B作比较
- compare A to B 把A比作B
Compare these sentences.
比较这些句子。
I compared my height with/to my brother’s, and I found I was taller.
我把自己的身高和哥哥的作比较,然后我发现我更高。
We often compare children to flowers.
我们常把孩子比作花朵。
真题链接
请不要把我们自己的孩子和其他的孩子相比较。
Please don’t compare our own kids with/to other kids.
答案:compare;with/to
2 loud
①〔形容词〕大声的
常在句中作表语或定语。比较级为 louder。
Why is that man so loud
那个人为什么那么大声?
“Who’s there ” asked David in a loud voice.
“谁在那儿?”戴维大声问道。
②〔副词〕响亮地
一般用在动词 talk, speak, shout, laugh 等后面。
speak louder 大点儿声说
3 hard working 勤奋的
辨析:hard working, hard work 与 work hard
hard working 形容词 勤奋的;工作努力的
hard work 名词短语 hard是形容词,修饰不可数名词work,辛苦的工作
work hard 动词短语 hard是副词,修饰动词work,努力工作
My sister is a hard working student. She always gets good grades.
我的姐姐是一个勤奋的学生。她总是取得好成绩。
Learning a new language is hard work.
学习一门新语言需要付出艰辛的努力。
He works hard at his studies and hopes to get into a good university.
他努力学习,希望能进入一所好大学。
4 perform
Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone so they solve the problem by playing a song together.
陈洁害怕独自表演,所以他们通过一起演奏一首歌来解决这个问题。
(1)perform
①〔动词〕表演
The children perform two plays each school year.
孩子们每学年表演两部话剧。
They are performing at Sunshine Town now.
他们现在正在阳光城表演。
②〔及物动词〕执行;做
He performed an operation yesterday.
昨天他做了一个手术。
注意:表示演员在戏剧、电影等中扮演某个角色时,不用perform,而用play。
拓展
①performance〔可数名词〕表演;演出
The evening performance begins at 8 o’clock.
晚上的演出8点钟开始。
②performer〔可数名词〕演出者;演员
He is a good performer.
他是一个好演员。
(2)alone 〔副词&形容词〕独自;单独
用作副词时修饰动词,在句中作状语,相当于by oneself;用作形容词时不能在名词前作定语。
He likes living alone/by himself.
他喜欢独自生活。(alone用作副词)
Finally the two of us were alone together.
最后只有我们两人在一起。(alone用作形容词)
(3)辨析:solve 与 answer
- solve:常与problem搭配使用,表示解决;解答,解决问题,此类问题难度较大
- answer:常与question搭配使用,表示回答;答复,回答问题,此类问题难度较小
Einstein solved many problems in physics.
爱因斯坦解决了许多物理学难题。
Who can answer my question
谁能回答我的问题?
(4)by〔介词〕
①通过,靠。此处表示方式、手段,其后可接名词、代词或动词 ing形式。对by构成的表示方式的短语提问应用how。
He had to do all the work by hand.
所有的工作他都得手工完成。
Mr Green makes a living by teaching.
格林先生以教书为生。
②乘/驾/坐……。后直接跟交通工具名词的单数形式。
I went to Beijing by plane.
我乘飞机去了北京。
③到……时(为止);在……以前。后跟时间。
I must be in bed by ten o’clock.
我必须在十点之前上床睡觉。
④在……旁边。后跟地点。
We live by the sea.
我们住在海边。
真题链接
—How do you relax in your free time
—____ doing sport and listening to music.
A.At B.On C.In D.By
答案:D
(5)play〔动词〕演奏
当play与乐器类名词搭配,表示“演奏;弹奏;吹奏”时,乐器类名词前须加定冠词the。
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the drums 打鼓 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the erhu 拉二胡
拓展
play与棋牌类、球类名词搭配,表示“参与……”时,棋牌类、球类名词前不加任何冠词。
play Chinese chess 下中国象棋
play football 踢足球
play basketball 打篮球
play badminton 打羽毛球
真题链接
Bob is my brother. He likes playing basketball, but he doesn’t like playing ____ piano.
A.the;the B./;the C.an;the
答案:B
5 Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival!
祝贺你们在学校音乐节上获奖!
(1)congratulation 〔名词〕祝贺;恭喜
通常用复数形式,可单独使用,也可在其后接on的介词短语来说明因何事而祝贺或接to的介词短语来说明向谁祝贺。
congratulations on… 对……表示祝贺
congratulations to sb (on sth)(因某事)向某人表示祝贺
You’ve won the game. Congratulations!
你赢得了比赛。祝贺!
Congratulations on passing your exam.
祝贺你通过了考试。
Congratulations to you on winning first prize.
祝贺你获得一等奖。
拓展 congratulate〔动词〕向(某人)道贺,祝贺
She congratulated me warmly on my exam results.
她热情地祝贺我考试取得好成绩。
(2)prize〔可数名词〕奖;奖励
win a prize 获奖
(win) first prize (获得)一等奖
the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
get a prize 获得奖品
Li Ming got different prizes at the sports meet.
李明在运动会上得到了不同的奖品。
真题链接
Our monitor won first ____ in our school talent show. All of us take pride in him.
答案:prize
6 You attended the festival last year and this year.
你去年和今年都参加了音乐节。
辨析:attend, take part in, join 与 join in
- attend:常用于参加会议、婚礼、葬礼,听报告,听音乐会,看演出,听演讲等,是比较正式的用语。
- take part in:指参加群众性活动等,并在其中发挥积极作用。
- join:指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等,并成为其中一员。表示短暂性的动作,不表示一段时间的状态连用。
- join in:常用于参加游戏、比赛、讨论等,侧重于加入活动的动作,且该活动通常具有一定的娱乐性、互动性。
He attended an important meeting last week.
上周他参加了一个重要的会议。
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
Jack joined the music club.
杰克加入了音乐俱乐部。
Everyone can join in this game.
每个人都可以参加这个游戏。
7 I work as hard as her!
我和她一样努力!
as…as… 像……一样……
两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级。否定结构为not as/so…as…,意为“不如……那样……”。
He sings as loudly as Bill.
他唱得和比尔一样大声。
Lucy isn’t as/so outgoing as Mary.
露西不如玛丽外向。
拓展 not as/so…as…,可与比较级进行同义转换。
This room is not as/so big as that one.
= That room is bigger than this one.
这个房间不如那个房间大。
助记 同级比较歌诀
同级比较用原级,as…as… 来帮忙。
若是否定not加,后者总比前者强。
8 Besides singing, how do you spend your spare time
除唱歌之外,你们如何度过空闲时间?
(1)besides
①〔介词〕除……之外(还)
强调包括后者在内,是一种累加关系。
besides doing sth 除做某事之外(还)
The students went to the zoo besides the teacher.
除了那位老师,学生们也去了动物园。
Besides working hard at his job, he spends a lot of time with his family.
除了努力工作之外,他还花很多时间陪伴家人。
②〔副词〕而且
用来追加原因及理由。除besides外,also, in addition, as well等也有此用法。
I don’t want to go; besides, it’s too far.
我不想去,而且那太远了。
(2)spare
①〔形容词〕空闲的。同义词:free。
spare/free time 空闲时间
in one’s spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间
I like to talk with my parents in my spare/free time.
我喜欢在空闲时间和父母交谈。
②〔动词〕抽出;拨出
spare sb sth (=spare sth for sb)为某人抽出/留出……
I spare a few hours of my time every week as a volunteer.
我每周都会抽几个小时的时间做志愿者。
Let’s spare some food for her.
让我们给她留些食物吧。
9 You see, we’re different in many ways, but together, we make a great team!
你看,我们在很多方面都不同,但在一起,我们就是很棒的组合!
way〔可数名词〕
①方面;方式;方法;手段
常与介词in连用。
in many ways 在很多方面
in this way 以这种方式
the way to do sth = the way of doing sth 做某事的方法
These two cultures are similar in many ways.
这两种文化在很多方面相似。
The little cat catches fish in this way.
= In this way the little cat catches fish.
那只小猫用这种方法捉鱼。
What is another way of saying TV/to say TV
TV的另一种说法是什么?
②路线;路;道路
on the way to 在去……的路上
on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
lose one’s way 迷路
Can you tell me the way to the bank
你能告诉我去银行的路吗?
拓展 与way相关的其他短语:
by the way 顺便说一下
all the way 一路上;自始至终
10 Thanks for talking with me.
谢谢你和我聊天。
Thanks for… 因……而感谢。/谢谢……
相当于“Thank you for…”,for后常接名词、代词或动词的 ing形式,表示感谢的内容或原因。
Thanks for your letter.
谢谢你的来信。
Thanks for coming, Eric.
埃里克,谢谢你的到来。
11 Our pleasure!
不客气!
pleasure
①〔可数名词〕乐事
It’s a pleasure to meet you.
很高兴见到你。
—Thanks for doing that.
—It’s a pleasure.
—感谢你费心做了。
—这事儿真不算什么/不客气。
②〔不可数名词〕愉快;荣幸
It gives me much pleasure to be with you.
和你在一起我感到十分高兴。
拓展
① my pleasure 不客气,不用谢。对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答。
—Thanks a lot for your advice.
非常感谢你的建议。
—My pleasure. 不客气。
② with pleasure 当然了,很愿意。表示客气地接受或同意。
—Could you pass me the salt
你能把盐递给我吗?
—With pleasure. 乐意效劳。
真题链接
—Thank you for lending me your umbrella yesterday.
—____.
A.Take it easy B.Well done
C.It’s up to you D.My pleasure
答案:D
12 What do Emma and Ella have in common
埃玛和埃拉有什么共同之处?
have sth in common 有共同之处
He and his brother have nothing in common.
他和他哥哥毫无共同之处。
I found I had a lot in common with these people.
我发现我和这些人有许多相同之处。
真题链接
The dishes in the south and north ____.
答案:have something in common
13 Appearance 外表
appearance〔名词〕
①外表;外貌;外观
You shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance.
你不该以貌取人。
The old building’s appearance changed a lot.
这座旧建筑的外观变化很大。
②出现;露面
She once made an appearance in the studio.
她曾经在摄影棚里露过面。
拓展 appear〔不及物动词〕出现;露面
The bus appeared around the corner.
那辆公共汽车出现在拐角处。
Lucy didn’t appear last night.
昨天晚上露西没有出现。
14 Personality 性格
personality〔名词〕性格;品质
She has a very friendly personality, and everyone likes to be with her.
她性格非常友善,每个人都喜欢和她在一起。
My sister and I have different personalities. I’m outgoing, but she’s shy.
我和姐姐个性不同。我外向,而她害羞。
15 serious 严肃的
serious〔形容词〕
常在句中作定语或表语,其比较级为more serious。
①严肃的;严重的
Why does he always put on a serious look
他为什么总是摆出一副严肃的面孔?
Our Chinese teacher looks very serious.
我们的语文老师看上去很严肃。
There is nothing serious.
没有什么大问题。
②认真的,当真的
be serious about… 对……认真
He was serious about learning to play the guitar.
他对学习弹吉他很认真。
16 Strength 优势
strength
①〔可数名词〕优势;长处;优点
His strength is good communication skills.
他的优势是良好的沟通能力。
Writing is not my personal strength, but I can improve.
写作不是我的个人专长,但我可以提高。
②〔不可数名词〕力量;力气;体力
He pushed against the rock with all his strength.
他用全力推那块石头。
17 Population 人口
population〔名词〕人口;人口数量
主要用法如下:
①单独作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
The world’s population is larger and larger.
世界人口越来越多。
②“分数 / 百分数 + of + the population”作主语时,谓语动词可用复数形式,也可用单数形式。
About sixty percent of the population in that country are farmers.
那个国家大约有百分之六十的人口是农民。
③表示人口的“多”或“少”要用large, big或small。
India has a large population.
印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population.
新加坡人口少。
④询问某国、某地有多少人时用“What’s the population of… ”。
What’s the population of Canada
加拿大的人口有多少?
⑤表示“某地有多少人”时用“…have/has a population of + 数字”或“the population of…is +数字”。
China has a population of over 1.4 billion.
= The population of China is over 1.4 billion.
中国有14亿多的人口。
18 Average rainfall per year 年平均降雨量
average
①〔形容词〕平均的;平常的
The school has an average class size of 40 students.
这所学校平均每班有40名学生。
His performance in the exam is average.
他在这次考试中表现一般。
②〔名词〕平均数;平均水准
The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7.
3、8、10的平均数为7。
Temperatures are above average for the time of year.
气温高于一年中这个时候的平均水平。
19 The population of Vancouver was smaller than that of Guangzhou in 2024.
2024年,温哥华的人口比广州的人口少。
辨析:that, one 与 it
①that 表特指,与所指名词同类,但不是同一个;可代替上文提到的事情,也可代替不可数名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。
②one 表泛指,代指前面提到过的同类人或事物中的一个。one代指可数名词单数,复数用ones。
—That boy is my brother.
那个男孩是我的弟弟。
—Which one
哪一个?
—The one on a bike.
骑自行车的那个。
③it 用于指代前文提到过的同一事物。
—Do you like the game
你喜欢这个游戏吗?
—Yes, I like it.
是的,我喜欢。
助记 that, one 与 it 的区别
同名同物it替,可不可数两相宜;
同类事物用one(s),单用one来复用ones;
that同类物相异,代替不可数也可以。
20 Guangzhou has a pleasant temperature in January. 广州在一月份气温宜人。
pleasant 〔形容词〕宜人的;友好的
常在句中作定语或表语,多用来修饰或说明事物。
①. It’s pleasant to do sth. 做某事很愉快。
②. I hope you have a pleasant trip.
我希望你旅途愉快。
③. The restaurant was large and pleasant.
那家餐厅宽敞且舒适。
④. It’s pleasant to watch the sunrise.
看日出是令人愉快的。
⑤. Her pleasant personality makes her very popular.
她友好的性格让她很受欢迎。

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