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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026 - 2027学年八年级英语上册单元全真模拟培优卷外研版（新教材）
Unit 6 When disaster strikes
注意事项：
1．本试卷共七大题，满分120分（不含听力口语30分），考试用时100分钟；
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在相对应的位置上，并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合；
3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效，不得用其他笔答题。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读短文，掌握大意，从A、B、C、D中选出最佳答案。
Last summer, a heavy rainstorm hit a small town. Many people felt 1 when the flood came. Some tried to run 2 the house, but the water came too fast.
A reporter went there to 3 and 4 the news. A 5 volcano worker was one of the 6 . He told people his 7 to the flood was to stay calm.
Lots of firefighters came to help. They searched for every 8 . Their stories were 9 and unforgettable. We should learn to be 10 when we meet natural disasters.
1．A．brave B．scared C．comfortable D．slim
2．A．into B．outside C．ahead D．straight
3．A．search B．shut C．erupt D．complete
4．A．cause B．honour C．report D．bleed
5．A．volcanic B．thick C．shocking D．everyday
6．A．victims B．survivors C．heroines D．coaches
7．A．introduction B．reaction C．fashion D．daylight
8．A．survivor B．pain C．shadow D．torch
9．A．terrible B．uncomfortable C．encouraging D．strange
10．A．lost B．brave C．artificial D．private
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Natural disasters can happen at any time. Earthquakes, floods and rainstorms may bring great trouble to human beings. When disaster strikes, many people will feel scared at once. However, feelings of fear cannot solve problems. Keeping calm is the first step for self protection.
Before bad weather comes, we should pay attention to disaster warnings. When we meet sudden danger, different situations need different skills. If we stay indoors during an earthquake, we should hide under strong furniture and stay away from windows. If we are outside, we need to move to open areas quickly. We should refuse to run back into dangerous buildings for personal things.
Some teenagers think disasters are far from daily life. In fact, learning safety skills does not mean bad things will surely happen. These skills prepare us for unexpected moments. We do not need to feel nervous. What we need is to remember simple but useful rules and face danger with courage.
11．What is the first step when disaster strikes
A．Keep calm. B．Run everywhere. C．Cry loudly. D．Go back for valuable things.
12．What should you do indoors during an earthquake
A．Stay near windows. B．Hide under strong furniture.
C．Jump out of the window. D．Run out of the building at once.
13．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．We should go back to get our bags when buildings are dangerous.
B．Disaster warnings help us get ready for coming bad situations.
C．Safety learning means disasters will happen soon.
D．There is nothing teenagers can learn about self protection.
14．What can we know from the text
A．Different situations need different self protection skills.
B．People can stop natural disasters from happening.
C．We should stay indoors all the time to keep safe.
D．Fear can help us make right choices quickly.
15．What is the main idea of the text
A．Self protection knowledge when natural disasters strike.
B．How to stop all kinds of natural disasters.
C．Stories of famous disaster survivors.
D．Ways to stay away from all bad weather.
B
Last summer, a terrible flood hit our village. It started raining heavily on Friday night, and the rain didn’t stop for two days. By Sunday morning, the water had covered most of the houses. My family and I had to climb to the roof of our house to stay safe.
We could see people in trouble everywhere. Some were stuck in their cars, and others were crying for help. Just then, we heard the sound of a boat. It was a group of volunteers from the nearby town. They came to rescue us. They took us to a safe place, a school on high ground.
At the school, there were many other people. The volunteers gave us food, blankets and hot drinks. We stayed there for three days until the water went down. During those days, I learned how important it is to help each other in a disaster. The volunteers were so brave, and they didn’t stop working even when they were tired.
Now, when it rains heavily, we always get ready quickly. We keep an emergency kit at home with food, water and a flashlight. We also know where to go if there’s a flood again.
16．How long did the rain last
A．For one day. B．For two days. C．For three days. D．For four days.
17．Where did the writer’s family stay to be safe during the flood
A．On the roof of their house. B．In a car.
C．At a school. D．In a boat.
18．Who came to rescue the writer’s family
A．Their neighbors. B．Police officers.
C．Volunteers from a nearby town. D．Their relatives.
19．What did the volunteers give to the people at the school
A．Food, blankets and hot drinks. B．Books, toys and clothes.
C．Flashlights, radios and medicine. D．Cars, boats and bikes.
20．What did the writer learn from the flood
A．It’s important to stay at home when it rains.
B．Helping each other is very important in a disaster.
C．Floods are not dangerous at all.
D．We don’t need to prepare for disasters.
C
Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters. They can happen suddenly and cause a lot of damage. So it’s important to know what to do when an earthquake hits.
If you are indoors, stay there. Don’t run outside, because falling glass or bricks can hurt you. Hide under a strong desk or table. If there’s no desk around, stand in a corner of the room. Stay away from windows, mirrors and tall furniture.
If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. Don’t stand under a bridge or overpass.
After the earthquake stops, be careful. There may be aftershocks, which are smaller earthquakes. Don’t go back into your house right away. Check if there’s any damage first. If you smell gas, turn off the gas line immediately.
If you are trapped under something, don’t panic. Shout or tap on a pipe so that people can find you. Don’t light a match, because there may be gas leaks.
21．What should you do if you are indoors during an earthquake
A．Run outside quickly. B．Hide under a strong desk.
C．Stand near a window. D．Climb onto tall furniture.
22．Where is a safe place if you are outdoors during an earthquake
A．Under a bridge. B．Near a tall tree.
C．In an open area like a playground. D．Next to a power line.
23．What should you do after the earthquake stops
A．Go back into your house immediately.
B．Ignore aftershocks.
C．Check for damage first.
D．Light a match to see clearly.
24．What should you do if you are trapped under something
A．Panic and cry loudly. B．Light a match.
C．Shout or tap on a pipe. D．Fall asleep.
25．What is the main idea of the passage
A．How to predict an earthquake.
B．What causes earthquakes.
C．How to stay safe during and after an earthquake.
D．The history of earthquakes.
D
Last month, a strong typhoon hit our city. My parents told me that it was going to come, so we prepared a lot of things. We bought enough food and water, and we fixed all the windows with tape. We also moved our plants inside the house.
When the typhoon arrived, the wind was so strong that it made a loud noise. The rain was pouring down, and we could see trees falling outside. We stayed inside the house and watched TV. But suddenly, the power went out. We had to use candles to see.
The typhoon lasted for about 12 hours. When it was over, we went outside. The street was full of fallen trees and broken signs. Our garden was in a mess, but our house was okay. My neighbors’ roof was damaged, so we helped them fix it.
I learned that typhoons are very powerful, but if we prepare well, we can stay safe. Now, I know what to do when a typhoon comes.
26．What did the writer’s family do to prepare for the typhoon
A．They bought food and water. B．They fixed windows with tape.
C．They moved plants inside. D．All of the above.
27．What happened when the typhoon arrived
A．The wind was strong and made loud noise. B．The rain poured down.
C．Trees fell outside. D．All of the above.
28．Why did they use candles
A．Because they liked candles. B．Because the power went out.
C．Because the lights were broken. D．Because it was dark outside.
29．What did they do after the typhoon was over
A．They stayed inside the house. B．They watched TV.
C．They helped neighbors fix the roof. D．They went to a shelter.
30．What did the writer learn from the typhoon
A．Typhoons are not dangerous. B．We don’t need to prepare for typhoons.
C．If we prepare well, we can stay safe. D．Typhoons last for a short time.
第三部分 信息还原（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If the earthquake (地震) is coming, what should we do How can we save ourselves 31
If you are indoors, drop down to the floor. Hide under a good desk, table or other furniture. Stay inside. Be careful not to touch the broken glass or building parts. If you have enough time, you can go to the washroom as soon as possible. 32
If you are outside, get to an open place, away from buildings and power lines.
If you are driving, stop. 33 Stay away from bridges. If possible, you had better not stop under trees, light posts, power lines or signs.
If you are in a mountain, or near unstable (不稳定的) slopes or cliffs, you should try to be away from rocks. 34
If you are on the beach, move quickly to higher ground or several hundred yards inland off the beach.
35 Then people can quickly find where you are and save you.
Anyway, you should try your best to keep yourself safe. Remember: only one life.
A．Now, here’s some advice.
B．You had better eat more.
C．You had better run around.
D．If it is safe, stay inside your car.
E．They could be loosened (变松) by the earthquake.
F．If you are hurt under the building, you should let people outside know it.
G．It’s a good place to stay for a long time because there is some water there.
第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节 根据下列句子所给汉语注释或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
36．The heavy rain caused a big ________ (洪水) in the small town last month.
37．We had to walk slowly because the ________ (厚) snow that fell last night covered the road.
38．The new teaching methods ________ (鼓励) children to think for themselves.
39．It’s our duty to guard our mother country and people’s ________ (安全).
40．The cat likes to catch mice. It is a ________ (天生的；天然的) hunter.
41．An e________ often makes buildings fall down and people get hurt.
42．We should p________ our children from danger at all times.
43．The weather station w________ people not to go out in the heavy snow.
44．People are b________ more strong bridges in the city now.
45．L________, no one was killed in the typhoon yesterday.
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）
shake, safe, help, calm, destroy, warn, hide, escape, report, brave
Last week, a small earthquake hit our town. When the ground started to 46 , I was in the classroom. Our teacher 47 us to stay 48 and not to panic. We 49 under our desks until the shaking stopped.
After that, we tried to 50 from the building quickly. Luckily, no one was hurt, but some windows were 51 . A 52 student helped an old man get out of his house. We called the police to 53 the damage.
Later, we went to a 54 place. Everyone worked together to 55 each other. It was a scary experience, but we learned a lot about staying safe in disasters.
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A big typhoon (台风) hit my town one year ago. At that time, I was in the 56 (seven) grade. I don’t remember the day exactly, 57 I won’t forget the big mess it left behind.
I fell 58 (sleep) when the typhoon arrived that night. The wind was blowing loudly and the rain was beating heavily 59 the windows, and I was woken up. My parents and I quickly closed the windows 60 (stop) the rain from coming in. “Stay away from the windows. They are dangerous,” my father warned. “If the glass breaks, we will probably get hurt.” We also turned off electronic things. The typhoon blew for many hours before going away.
After it stopped, I planned to go outside. Before I went out, I checked if it was safe. Then I went out and saw very 61 (surprise) sights. Heavy smoke came out from broken buildings and 62 (fall) trees were everywhere. Some 63 (object) on buildings caused fires. Workers worked to clean up the mess. The huge mess made me very shocked. Later, the news said that many people were hurt and some even lost their lives.
Luckily, my family was safe. The memory of typhoon 64 (remind) me how small humans are when we face the force of nature. Most importantly, I learn that if we can prepare for disasters 65 (proper), we may save more lives.
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，回答问题。
My Experience During a Typhoon
My name is Lin Mei, and I live in a coastal city. Last summer, a strong typhoon hit our city. I remember it was a normal afternoon when the sky suddenly turned very dark. The wind started howling loudly, and rain began to pour down heavily.
My parents quickly closed all the windows and brought the potted plants from the balcony inside. We filled some buckets with water because the news said the water supply might be cut off. We also checked our emergency kit to make sure we had flashlights, batteries, and some food.
The most frightening part was the sound. The wind sounded like a train passing by very close. Trees outside were bending almost to the ground. The electricity went out, so we used candles and flashlights.
We stayed indoors for the whole night, listening to the radio for updates. Luckily, our building was strong and we were safe. The next morning, the typhoon had passed. When we went outside, we saw many broken tree branches and some signs blown down. Clean-up work had already begun.
This experience taught me how powerful nature can be. It also showed me how important it is to listen to warnings and be prepared. Now, whenever there is a typhoon warning, my family knows exactly what to do.
66．What natural disaster did Lin Mei experience
67．What did her family do when the typhoon came
68．What was the most frightening part for her
69．How did they get information when the electricity was out
70．What did she learn from this experience
书面表达（共1题；满分25分）
71．假想你要制作一张关于某种自然灾害 (如地震、洪水、台风、海啸等) 的海报。写一段话 (至少6句) 介绍你的海报内容，包括：
- 这种灾害是什么？由什么引起？
- 它会造成什么影响？
- 人们如何准备？
- 灾害发生时应该怎么做？
- 灾后如何恢复生活？
请使用以下表达中的至少三个：
be caused by, get ready for, behave during, get back to, with the support of, face with courage
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年夏天一场暴雨洪水袭击小镇，人们感到恐惧，记者前往搜索并报道新闻，一名普通工人幸存并分享保持冷静的经验，消防员全力搜救幸存者，他们的故事鼓舞人心。
【解析】1．句意：洪水来袭时，许多人感到害怕。
根据前文“a heavy rainstorm hit a small town”及“the flood came”可知，灾难突降，人们的正常情绪应是恐惧。scared“害怕的”符合语境；brave“勇敢的”、comfortable“舒适的”、slim“苗条的”均不符合灾难场景下人们的心理状态。
2．句意：一些人试图跑进房子里，但水来得太快了。
根据后文“but the water came too fast”可知，人们想躲进屋内避险，run into“跑进……里面”符合语境；outside“外面”、ahead“向前”、straight“径直”均无法体现躲避洪水的动作方向。
3．句意：一名记者去那里搜索并报道新闻。
根据“A reporter”可知，记者的职责包括搜集信息和报道新闻，search“搜索”与后文“report the news”构成并列的工作内容，符合记者职业特点；shut“关闭”、erupt“爆发”、complete“完成”均与记者工作无关。
4．句意：一名记者去那里搜索并报道新闻。
根据“A reporter”可知，记者的核心工作是报道新闻，report“报道”与“A reporter”身份直接对应；cause“引起”、honour“尊敬”、bleed“流血”均不符合语境。
5．句意：一名普通的火山工人是幸存者之一。
根据后文他分享应对洪水的经验可知，此处强调他的身份是平凡劳动者，everyday“普通的、日常的”修饰worker符合平民幸存者的叙事逻辑；volcanic“火山的”与洪水灾害场景矛盾，thick“厚的”、shocking“令人震惊的”均不能合理修饰worker的身份特征。
6．句意：一名普通的火山工人是幸存者之一。
根据后文“He told people his reaction to the flood was to stay calm”可知，他经历了洪水并存活下来，还分享了经验，survivors“幸存者”符合语境；victims“受害者”侧重伤亡者，heroines“女英雄”性别不符，coaches“教练”与文意无关。
7．句意：他告诉人们，他对洪水的反应是保持冷静。
根据“to stay calm”可知，这是他在灾难面前的应对方式，reaction“反应”与“to the flood”搭配恰当，表示对灾害的回应；introduction“介绍”、fashion“时尚”、daylight“日光”均无法与“to stay calm”构成合理的语义关联。
8．句意：他们搜寻每一位幸存者。
根据前文“Lots of firefighters came to help”可知，消防员的救援目标是寻找被困人员，survivor“幸存者”符合救援场景；pain“痛苦”、shadow“影子”、torch“火炬”均不是消防员搜寻的对象。
9．句意：他们的故事既鼓舞人心又令人难忘。
根据“and unforgettable”可知，空格处词语应与unforgettable语义相近或并列，共同体现故事的积极意义。encouraging“鼓舞人心的”符合语境，且与后文“unforgettable”构成合理的褒义并列；terrible“可怕的”、uncomfortable“不舒服的”、strange“奇怪的”均为贬义或中性词，与“unforgettable”所蕴含的正面情感色彩矛盾。
10．句意：当遇到自然灾害时，我们应该学会勇敢。
根据全文主旨，尤其是幸存者“stay calm”和消防员救援事迹所传递的积极态度，brave“勇敢的”是面对灾害应有的品质；lost“迷失的”、artificial“人造的”、private“私人的”均不符合文章倡导的价值观。
11．A 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍遭遇自然灾害时的自我保护相关知识，包括保持冷静、地震不同场景避险方法以及学习安全技能的意义。
【解析】11．根据第一段“Keeping calm is the first step for self-protection.”可知，灾难来临时第一步是保持冷静。
12．根据第二段“If we stay indoors during an earthquake, we should hide under strong furniture and stay away from windows.”可知，地震在室内时要躲在坚固家具下方。
13．根据第二段“Before bad weather comes, we should pay attention to disaster warnings.”可知，灾害预警可以帮助我们为即将到来的恶劣状况做好准备，该表述正确。
14．根据第二段“When we meet sudden danger, different situations need different skills.”可知，不同场景需要不同的自我保护技巧。
15．全文围绕自然灾害来临后的自我保护方法展开讲解，核心是自然灾害发生时的自救知识。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了去年夏天作者家乡遭遇洪水，一家人被迫爬上屋顶避险，随后被附近城镇的志愿者救到学校安置，以及作者从中领悟到灾难中互帮互助重要性的故事。
【解析】16．根据第一段第二句“It started raining heavily on Friday night, and the rain didn't stop for two days.”可知，雨持续了两天。
17．根据第一段最后一句“My family and I had to climb to the roof of our house to stay safe.”可知，洪水期间作者一家为了安全待在了屋顶。
18．根据第二段第三、四句“It was a group of volunteers from the nearby town. They came to rescue us.”可知，是附近城镇的志愿者来救援了作者一家。
19．根据第三段第二句“The volunteers gave us food, blankets and hot drinks.”可知，志愿者提供的物资与选项A一致。
20．根据第三段最后一句“During those days, I learned how important it is to help each other in a disaster.”可知，作者学到的道理是灾难中互帮互助很重要。
21．B 22．C 23．C 24．C 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍地震发生时以及震后如何保障自身安全的具体做法。
【解析】21．根据第二段中“Hide under a strong desk or table.”可知，地震发生时，若在室内，要躲在坚固书桌下方，对应B选项。
22．根据第三段中“If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a playground.”可知，身处户外要前往操场这类开阔地带。
23．根据第四段中“Don’t go back into your house right away. Check if there’s any damage first.”可知，地震停止后先检查房屋受损情况，不能立刻回家。
24．根据最后一段中“If you are trapped under something, don’t panic. Shout or tap on a pipe so that people can find you.”可知，被困时要呼喊或敲击管道求救。
25．全文依次讲解室内避震、户外避震、震后注意事项、被困自救方法，核心主旨是地震期间及震后如何保证安全，对应C选项。
26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．C
【导语】本文记叙了作者一家经历台风来袭前做准备、台风中避险以及台风后互助清理的全过程。
【解析】26．第一段提到：“We bought enough food and water, and we fixed all the windows with tape. We also moved our plants inside the house.”，作者家人买了食物和水、用胶带固定窗户并把植物搬进屋内。
27．第二段提到：“the wind was so strong that it made a loud noise. The rain was pouring down, and we could see trees falling outside.”，风大噪音大、大雨倾盆、树木倒下均发生了。
28．第二段提到：“But suddenly, the power went out. We had to use candles to see.”，使用蜡烛的直接原因是停电了。
29．第三段提到：“When it was over...so we helped them fix it.”，台风过后他们帮助邻居修理屋顶。
30．最后一段提到：“I learned that typhoons are very powerful, but if we prepare well, we can stay safe.”，作者学到的道理是做好准备可以保证安全。
31．A 32．G 33．D 34．E 35．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震发生时，人们在不同场景的具体自救方法与安全注意事项，目的是指导人们在地震中如何保护自己、提高生存几率。
【解析】31．前文提出疑问，地震来临时如何自救，后文开始分点介绍不同场景下的自救方法。A选项“Now, here’s some advice.”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文的具体自救指南，逻辑连贯。
32．前文提到如果有足够的时间，可以尽快去洗手间。G选项“It’s a good place to stay for a long time because there is some water there.”承接前文内容，解释了为什么建议去洗手间，因为洗手间有水，能维持被困时的生存需求。
33．前文提到地震来临时，你正在开车。D选项“If it is safe, stay inside your car.”补充了停车后的正确做法，和“远离危险物”的建议共同构成了开车时的地震自救方法。
34．前文提到地震来临时，你在山里或是在斜坡或悬崖附近时，要远离岩石。E选项“They could be loosened by the earthquake.”解释了为什么要远离岩石——地震会让岩石松动掉落，存在安全隐患，补充了前文建议的原因。
35．后文提到人们可以快速找到你、拯救你。F选项“If you are hurt under the building, you should let people outside know it.”和后文形成逻辑链，说明如何让救援人员发现自己。
36．flood
【解析】句意：上个月大雨在这个小镇引发了一场大洪水。“洪水”对应的单词是flood，不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数，故填flood。
37．thick
【解析】句意：我们不得不慢慢走，因为昨晚下的厚雪覆盖了道路。空格需要填一个形容词来修饰名词snow（雪），括号里的中文提示是“厚”，对应的英文形容词是thick。
38．encourage
【解析】句意：新的教学方法鼓励孩子们独立思考。句子主语“The new teaching methods”是复数形式，且描述的是客观事实，空处用动词原形作谓语动词。“鼓励”对应的动词是“encourage”。故填encourage。
39．safety
【解析】句意：我们的职责是保卫我们的祖国和人民的安全。根据“our mother country and people’s”可知，空处填名词；safety“安全”，名词。故填safety。
40．natural
【解析】句意：这只猫喜欢抓老鼠。它是一个天生的猎手。根据汉语提示可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“hunter”。对应的英语单词是natural，意为“天生的；天然的”。故填natural。
41．earthquake/arthquake
【解析】句意：一场地震经常使建筑物倒塌，人们受伤。根据首字母提示e以及“makes buildings fall down and people get hurt”可知，此处指地震，earthquake意为“地震”，名词，前面有不定冠词 An，用单数形式，故填earthquake。
42．protect/rotect
【解析】句意：我们应该随时保护我们的孩子免受危险。根据首字母提示和“from danger”可知，此处指保护孩子免受危险。protect“保护”，动词，“protect…from…”为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”；should为情态动词，后接动词原形。故填protect。
43．warned/arned
【解析】句意：气象台提醒了人们大雪天气不要外出。单词以字母w开头，本句采用一般过去时描述已经发生的播报行为，warned表示“警告、提醒”，warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告/提醒某人不要做某事”，warned在句中充当谓语动词。应填warned。
44．building/uilding
【解析】句意：人们现在正在这座城市里建造更坚固的桥梁。根据句中时间标志词now可知时态为现在进行时，结构为“be动词+现在分词”；结合首字母提示“b”和strong bridges可知，核心含义为“建造”，此处要填入build的现在分词形式building 。
45．Luckily/uckily
【解析】句意：幸运的是，昨天这场台风中无人遇难。空处需填一个副词，修饰整个句子。根据“no one was killed in the typhoon yesterday”可知，此处表示幸运，luckily“幸运地”，符合题意。
46．shake 47．warned 48．calm 49．hid 50．escape 51．destroyed 52．brave 53．report 54．safe 55．help
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一场小地震发生后作者在学校和老师、同学一起有序撤离、互帮互助的经历，传达了“灾难中保持冷静、团结协作”的主题。
【解析】46．句意：当地面开始震动时，我正在教室里。此处需一个动词作“the ground started to...”的宾语，与“started to”构成“start to do”结构。结合“小地震”语境，大地开始震动，对应选项shake。
47．句意：我们的老师告诫我们要保持镇静，不要惊慌。此处需一个动词作谓语，“warn sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“告诫某人做某事”。根据“Last week”和“a small earthquake hit our town”可知动作发生在过去，应用过去式，故填warned。
48．句意：老师告诫我们要保持镇静，不要惊慌。此处需一个形容词作“stay”后的表语，“stay+adj.”意为“保持某种状态”。“don’t panic”提示要保持镇静，对应选项calm。
49．句意：我们躲在课桌下，直到震动停止。此处需一个动词作谓语。根据“Last week”和“started to shake”可知动作发生在过去，应用过去式。“under our desks until the shaking stopped”提示在课桌下躲藏，hide“隐藏”的过去式为hid。
50．句意：之后，我们尽力从那栋建筑物逃离。此处需一个动词原形与“tried to”构成“try to do”结构，意为“尽力做某事”；结合“the building”和“quickly”提示，意为“尽快逃离建筑物”，对应选项escape。
51．句意：幸运的是，没有人受伤，但一些窗户被损坏了。此处需一个动词的过去分词与“were”构成被动语态，主语“some windows”是动作的承受者。“but”表转折，前句“没有人受伤”对应“窗户却受到了损坏”，destroy“损坏”的过去分词为destroyed。
52．句意：一位勇敢的学生帮助一位老人从他的房子里出来。此处需一个形容词作定语修饰“student”。“helped an old man get out of his house”体现了该学生的品质，对应选项brave“勇敢的”。
53．句意：我们报警来报告损失情况。此处需一个动词原形与“to”构成不定式作目的状语。结合“We called the police”和“the damage”语境，报警是为了报告损失情况，对应选项report“报告”。
54．句意：后来，我们去了一个安全的地方。此处需一个形容词作定语修饰“place”。结合地震之后的语境，应去一个安全的地方避难，对应选项safe“安全的”。
55．句意：大家齐心协力帮助彼此。此处需一个动词原形与“to”构成不定式作目的状语。“worked together”和“each other”提示大家齐心协力互相帮助，对应选项help“帮助”。
56．seventh 57．but 58．asleep 59．against 60．to stop 61．surprising 62．fallen 63．objects 64．reminds 65．properly
【导语】本文回忆作者一年前家乡遭遇台风的亲身经历，描写台风来袭时的惊险场景与灾后满目疮痍的景象，感悟人类在自然力量面前的渺小，懂得提前防灾的重要意义。
【解析】56．句意：那时，我上七年级。表示“几年级”用序数词，seven的序数词形式为seventh。
57．句意：我记不清具体是哪一天，但我永远不会忘记它留下的一片狼藉。前后分句存在转折关系，用连词but连接。
58．句意：那晚台风来袭时，我已经睡着了。固定搭配fall asleep，表示“入睡、睡着”。
59．句意：狂风呼啸，大雨猛烈地敲打着窗户。固定搭配beat against，意为“敲打、撞击”。
60．句意：我和父母迅速关上窗户，阻止雨水渗进来。此处用不定式作目的状语，stop的不定式形式为to stop。
61．句意：然后我出门，看到了十分令人震惊的景象。修饰事物sights，用-ing结尾的形容词，surprise对应的形容词surprising。
62．句意：破损的建筑冒出浓烟，随处都是倒下的树木。修饰名词trees，需用形容词，fall的形容词形式fallen，表示“倒下的”。
63．句意：建筑物上的一些物品引发了火灾。some后接可数名词复数，object变为复数objects。
64．句意：这次台风的记忆提醒我，人类在大自然的力量面前是多么渺小。主语memory为单数，本句表述当前感悟，使用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数reminds。
65．句意：最重要的是，我明白了如果我们能妥善做好防灾准备，或许能挽救更多生命。修饰动词prepare，需要副词，proper对应的副词为properly。
66．A typhoon. 67．Closed windows, brought plants inside, filled buckets with water, checked their emergency kit. 68．The sound of the wind. 69．By listening to the radio. 70．How powerful nature can be and the importance of being prepared.
【导语】本文主要介绍了林梅在沿海城市亲身经历的一场强台风，记录了台风来临前家人的周密防范准备、台风肆虐时的可怕场景以及这次经历带给她的深刻启示。
【解析】66．根据第一段第二句“Last summer, a strong typhoon hit our city.”可知，林梅所在的城市去年夏天遭遇了强台风。
67．根据第二段“My parents quickly closed all the windows and brought the potted plants from the balcony inside. We filled some buckets with water…We also checked our emergency kit…”可知，当台风来临时，林梅的家人迅速采取了关闭窗户、将花盆移至室内、用水桶储水以及检查应急工具箱等一系列防御工作。
68．根据第三段第一至二句“The most frightening part was the sound. The wind sounded like a train passing by very close.”可知，对林梅来说最可怕的部分是声音，即风声听起来就像火车在极近的距离驶过一样。
69．根据第四段第一句“We stayed indoors for the whole night, listening to the radio for updates.”可知，在台风断电期间，他们一家人是通过听收音机来获取最新消息与更新情况的。
70．根据第五段第一至二句“This experience taught me how powerful nature can be. It also showed me how important it is to listen to warnings and be prepared.”可知，这次经历让林梅意识到了大自然力量的强大，并领悟到了听从警报和做好防御准备的重要性。
71．例文：
I want to make a poster about earthquakes. An earthquake is a serious natural disaster. It is often caused by the movement of the earth’s plates. It can cause a lot of problems. For example, buildings may fall down, and people can be hurt or lose their homes. To get ready for an earthquake, we can prepare an emergency bag with water, food, and a flashlight. It’s important to know how to behave during the shaking: drop under a table and cover your head. You shouldn’t run outside during the shaking. After the earthquake, with the support of family, friends, and the government, people can get back to their lives. We should always face disasters with courage.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：介绍类说明文，全文以“一般现在时”为主
明确要点：灾害的定义、成因和危害、灾害前的准备、灾害发生时的应对方法以及灾后重建
确定人称：以第一人称引出话题，以第二、三人称提出建议和客观科普
注意事项：全文为一个完整段落，要求至少六句话，且题干所给词汇必须使用三个以上
[第二步：构思布局]
整段分层结构
第一层：点明海报主题并介绍该灾害的定义、成因和危害
第二层：介绍灾害发生前的准备工作和灾害发生时的应对方法
第三层：介绍灾后生活恢复方式，升华勇敢面对灾害的主旨
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：灾害介绍
名称：earthquake/flash flood/hurricane/dust storm等
成因：movement of the earth’s plates/heavy continuous rain/low-pressure system/strong wind blowing sand等
危害：buildings may fall down/people can be hurt or lose their homes/ruin crops/blow off roofs/pollute air等
要点二：灾前准备与灾中应对
准备工作：prepare an emergency bag with water, food, and a flashlight/move valuables upstairs/prepare life jackets/seal window gaps等
应对方法：drop under a table and cover your head/shouldn’t run outside during the shaking/stay away from rushing water/avoid outdoor activities等
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