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新人教版九年级上册
Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B 要点全解
1. How do we turn ideas into reality 我们如何将想法变为现实？（教材第46页，标题）
turn(… )into… （把……）变成……
Water can turn into ice when the temperature is below 0℃.
水在气温低于零摄氏度时会变成冰。
Hard work can turn dreams into reality.
努力可以把梦想变成现实。
reality〔名词〕现实；事实
Hope is a good thing, but we must also face reality. 希望是美好的事物，但我们也必须面对现实。
His dream of becoming a teacher became a reality. 他当老师的梦想变成了现实。
2. All of these things depend on one invention paper making. 所有这些东西都依赖于一项发明——造纸术。（教材第46页，1b）
depend on 依靠；取决于
on是介词，后面跟名词(短语)或代词。
You can always depend on me when you need help. 你需要帮助时永远可以依靠我。
Whether we go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。
3. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. 与其他任何一项发明相比，正是造纸术促进了信息的快速传播，从而塑造了我们的现代世界。（教材第46页，1b）
(1)比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数
比其他任何一个……都更……
此处用作插入语，表示最高级含义。
This book is more interesting than any other book I’ve read.
这本书比我读过的其他任何一本书都有趣。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。
= The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
拓展 more than
① 不只是……
用来强调某一方面比另一方面更重要。
He is more than a teacher; he is a friend to his students.
他不只是个老师，更是学生的朋友。
② 超过……
There are more than five hundred students in the school. 学校里有五百多名学生。
(2)responsible〔形容词〕作为原因的；有责任的
(be) responsible for sth 引起某事；对……负责
The heavy rain was responsible for the flood. 大雨引发洪水。
As students, we are responsible for our study. 作为学生，我们要对自己的学习负责。
(3)rapid〔形容词〕迅速的；瞬间的
He made rapid progress in English after months of hard work.
经过几个月的努力，他的英语进步很快。
China's cities are growing at a rapid speed. 中国的城市正以很快的速度扩张。
拓展 rapidly〔副词〕迅速地；快速地
The population of the world is growing rapidly. 世界人口正快速增长。
(4)shape
①〔动词〕塑造
Exercise can help shape your body and keep you healthy.
锻炼可以帮助塑造体型，保持健康。
②〔名词〕形状
in the shape of… 以……的形状
The cake is in the shape of a star.
这个蛋糕是星星形状的。
练习
In the art classroom, Li Li cut out a thin wood board in the ____ of Tian'anmen.
A. place B. size C. shape
解析：我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。place“地点”；size“尺寸”；shape“形状”。根据“Li Li cut out a thin wood board”可知，此处指出了天安门的形状，故选shape。
答案：C
4. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. 在中国古代，人们使用许多不同的材料来书写，例如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木材、竹子，甚至丝绸。（教材第46页，1b）
bronze
①〔名词〕青铜；青铜色
This statue is made of bronze and is very old. 这座雕像是青铜做的，非常古老。
②〔形容词〕青铜的；青铜色的
The Sanxingdui Ruins are famous for their bronze masks with big eyes and wide ears, and strange bronze figures.
三星堆遗址以带有大眼睛、宽耳朵的青铜面具和造型奇特的青铜人像而闻名。
bronze skin 古铜色的皮肤
5. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute a fibre that comes from plants. 在西汉时期，还有一种由黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成的早期的纸。（教材第46页，1b）
(be) made from 由……制成
从制成品上看不出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了化学变化。
Paper is made from wood. 纸是用木材做的。
拓展
① (be) made of 由……制成
从制成品上看得出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了物理变化。
This desk is made of wood.
这张课桌是木头做的。
② (be) made in 在……制造 in后接产地。
This phone is made in China.
这部手机是中国制造的。
③ (be) made into 被制成…… into后接制成品。
Milk can be made into cheese.
牛奶可以被制成奶酪。
④ (be) made by 由……制造 by后接动作执行者。
The model plane was made by Tom.
这架模型飞机是汤姆做的。
6. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. 然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。（教材第46页，1b）
expensive〔形容词〕昂贵的；价格高的
可在句中作表语或定语。
This watch is too expensive; I can’t afford it.
这块表太贵了，我买不起。
Time is the most expensive thing you can spend. 时间是你所能花费的最昂贵的东西。
7. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. 当时尝试了不同的方法来制造书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。（教材第46页，1b）
(1)none〔代词〕没有一个；毫无
既可指人也可指物，表示“(三个或三个以上)没有一个”。
none of… ……（三者或者三者以上）都不
None of the students knew the answer to the difficult question.
没有一个学生知道这道难题的答案。
拓展 no one〔代词〕没有人；没有任何人
只指人，相当于nobody，后面不接of，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
No one was there when I arrived at the station.
我到达车站时没人在那里。
注意
none强调数量，可回答how many…开头的特殊疑问句；no one强调人，可回答who开头的特殊疑问句。
(2)ideal
①〔形容词〕理想的；最合适的
He is the ideal person for the job because he has all the skills. 他是这份工作的理想人选，因为他具备所有技能。
②〔名词〕理想；完美的人(或事物)
My ideal is to become a doctor.
我的理想是成为一名医生。
It’s my ideal of what a family home should be. 这是我心目中完美的家庭住宅。
8. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. 从过去的经验中，蔡伦想到，树皮、某些植物和旧衣物或许可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。（教材第46页，1b）
(1)certain
①〔形容词〕某些；确定的
Certain students were late for class.
某些学生上课迟到了。
Are you certain about the answer
你对这个答案确定吗？
②〔代词〕（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些
Certain of the players were injured.
有些运动员受伤了。
(2)suitable〔形容词〕合适的；适宜的
be suitable for 适合……
We need to find a suitable place for the party.
我们需要找一个适合聚会的地方。
This book is suitable for the children aged 8 12.
这本书适合8 12岁的孩子阅读。
9. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 接着，将这种浆液倒在竹制筛网上，只留下纤维。（教材第46页，1b）
liquid
①〔名词〕液体
Water is a liquid, but ice is a solid.
水是液体，但冰是固体。
②〔形容词〕液体的
In traditional Chinese medicine, herbal soups are a common form of liquid medicine. 在中医里，汤药是一种常见的液体药物形式。
10. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. 出乎所有人意料的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是，价格便宜。（教材第46页，1b）
(1)to sb's surprise 出乎某人的意料，令某人惊讶的是
sb’s表示形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
To our surprise, the little boy could speak three languages. 令我们惊讶的是，这个小男孩能说三种语言。
To everyone’s surprise, she arrived early for the meeting. 令所有人惊讶的是，她很早就到了会议现场。
练习
To our ____, the film Ne Zha Ⅱ has achieved such a huge success.
A. surprise B. surprising C. surprised
解析：我们可用“固定短语法”解答此题。to one's surprise意为“出乎某人的意料”，为固定短语，故选surprise。
答案：A
(2)cheap
①〔形容词〕便宜的
其反义词为expensive(昂贵的)。
The food at this restaurant is cheap.
这家餐厅的食物便宜。
Cheap things are not good, and good things are not cheap. 便宜没好货，好货不便宜。
②〔副词〕低廉地；便宜地
I got this dress cheap in a sale.
这件衣服是我在大减价时便宜买的。
注意
物品有贵贱，价格论高低。说明物品时，应用expensive表示“贵”，用cheap表示“便宜”；说明价格(price)时，应用high表示“价格高”，用low表示“价格低”。
11. Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. 后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，还改变了世界各地的文明进程。（教材第46页，1b）
(1)later on 后来；其后
He didn’t know the answer at first, but later on he understood.
他一开始不知道答案，但后来他明白了。
I’m busy now. Let’s discuss this topic later on.
我现在很忙，我们以后再讨论这个话题。
(2)speed up （使）加速
为“动词 + 副词”结构，人称代词作其宾语时，只能放在speed与up之间。
You should speed up a bit if you want to catch the bus.
如果你想赶上公共汽车，你应该再快一点儿。
The manager asked us to speed up the work, but we couldn’t speed it up. 经理要求我们加快工作，但我们没法加快。
12. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. 当纸张的使用与印刷术在后来的几个世纪里结合到一起时，它导致了书籍数量的迅速增加。（教材第47页，1b）
lead to 导致；造成；通向
to是介词，后面跟名词(短语)或动词 ing形式。
Good study habits lead to better grades.
好的学习习惯会带来更好的成绩。
All roads lead to Rome.
〔谚〕条条大路通罗马。
13. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天拥有的世界。（教材第47页，1b）
(1)result in 造成；导致
lead to表示“导致；造成”时与其同义，后接事物或状态，不能接人。主语是原因，宾语是结果。
Hard work results in success. 努力带来成功。
The accident resulted in the death of two cats.
这次事故导致两只猫死亡。
拓展 result from 由……引起
主语是结果，宾语是原因。
His illness resulted from eating bad food.
他的病是由吃了变质的食物引起的。
(2)birth〔名词〕诞生；出现
The birth of a baby is a happy event for the family.
婴儿的出生对家庭来说就是件快乐的事。
The Communist Party of China has played a decisive role in the birth of New China. 中国共产党对新中国的诞生起到了决定性的作用。
14. Fibre made from oil provides a(n) cheap/expensive solution to the problem that many people cannot afford to buy enough clothes. 从石油中提取纤维为许多人买不起足够衣服的问题提供了一个便宜的/昂贵的解决方案。（教材第48页，2b）
afford〔动词〕买得起；能做
常与can, could, be able to连用。
afford to do sth 做某事，承担得起做某事
I can’t afford a new house because I don’t have enough money.
我买不起新房，因为我没有足够的钱。
We can afford to wait for a few more days.
我们可以再等几天。
练习
The car is too expensive. I can’t a____ it.
解析：我们可用“逻辑推理法”解答此题。由上文句意“这辆汽车太贵了”可知，此处表示“我买不起”；结合首字母a可知，此处应用afford表示“买得起”，can’t后用动词原形。
答案：afford
15. Did you know that an accident led to the invention of sticky notes 你知道一次意外导致了便利贴的发明吗？（教材第48页，2c）
sticky〔形容词〕黏(性)的；闷热的
Sticky rice is used to make zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.
糯米用来在端午节包粽子。
In summer, the weather is sticky.
在夏天，天气闷热。
拓展 stick〔动词〕(stuck, stuck)粘贴；卡住；插入
He stuck a stamp on the envelope.
他把一张邮票贴到信封上。
16. They gradually became popular and now are widely used all over the world. 它们逐渐流行起来，现在在世界各地被广泛使用。（教材第48页，2c）
widely〔副词〕广泛地；普遍地
English is widely used in business and travel around the world.
英语在全世界的商业和旅行中被广泛使用。
Confucius’s ideas are still widely studied in many parts of the world. 孔子的思想在世界上许多地方仍被广泛研究。
17. However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. 然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特和威尔伯·莱特似乎根本无意改变世界。（教材第49页，3a）
(1)be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法；打算做某事
The government is looking to improve public transportation. 政府正力求改善公共交通系统。
We are looking to start a new project next month. 我们打算下个月开始一个新项目。
(2)not…at all 一点儿也不
not常与系动词be、助动词或情态动词连用，at all常位于句末，以加强否定语气。
She doesn’t know the answer at all.
她完全不知道答案。
Although it was his first time making dumplings, the result was not bad at all. 虽然这是他第一次包饺子，但结果一点儿也不差。
18. As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has become a much smaller place. 因此，不同国家的人们之间的交流现在容易得多，世界也变得更小了。（教材第49页，3a）
among〔介词〕在……中间
用于三者或三者以上之间，宾语通常是复数名词或集合概念。
She is the tallest among her classmates.
她是同学中最高的。
They hid themselves among the trees.
他们躲在树林中。
拓展 between〔介词〕在(两者)之间
between…and… 在……和……之间
The village is located between two mountains.
这个村庄坐落在两座山之间。
练习
In this new school, there is a beautiful garden standing ____ the lab and the teaching building.
A. during B. among C. between
解析：我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。during“在……期间”；among“在(三者或三者以上)当中”；between“在……(两者)之间”。根据lab and the teaching building可知，此处指在实验室和教学楼之间，应是between…and…，“在……与……之间”，故选between。
答案：C

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