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Unit 1 The Changing World
话题 1. 家乡、城乡过去与现在的变迁（住房、交通、医疗、教育、环境） 2. 社会发展、科技进步带来生活改变 3. 环境的变化（生态改善、沙尘暴治理） 4. 个人感受：看待发展变化，珍惜当下生活
功能 1. 用 used to do / There used to be，讲述旧时生活面貌。 2. 用现在完成时描述已经发生的变化（过去动作对现在的结果）
单 词 1. change /t e nd / v.改变；变化 n.变化 教材原句：Great changes have taken place in Li Rui’s hometown over the past 20 years. 翻译：在过去20年里，李睿的家乡发生了巨大变化。 考点：一词两性；动词过去分词changed；great changes（复数）；作文高频词。 2. develop /d vel p/ v.发展；开发 教材原句：With the development of the city, more tall buildings appear. 翻译：随着城市的发展，更多高楼出现。 考点：词形变化：develop development n.发展；with the development of…作文万能搭配。 3. improve / m pru v/ v.改善，改进 教材原句：People’s living conditions have improved a lot. 翻译：人们的生活条件已经大大改善。 考点：名词 improvement；不及物动词，无被动语态。 4. rough /r f/ adj.崎岖的；粗糙的；恶劣的 教材原句：The roads used to be rough and narrow. 翻译：道路过去又崎岖又狭窄。 考点：修饰道路、天气；反义词smooth。 5. sandstorm / s ndst m/ n.沙尘暴 教材原句：Sandstorms used to influence people’s daily lives here. 翻译：沙尘暴过去常常影响这里人们的日常生活。 考点：环境类阅读高频名词。 6. shortage / t d / n.短缺，不足 教材原句：There was a water shortage in this area years ago. 翻译：几年前这个地区存在水资源短缺。 考点：a shortage of … ……的短缺。 7. government / ɡ v nm nt/ n.政府 教材原句：They got much support from the government. 翻译：他们得到政府大力支持。 考点：阅读高频词。 8. convenient /k n vi ni nt/ adj.方便的，便利的 教材原句：Now it is convenient for people to travel. 翻译：现在人们出行很便利。 考点：It is convenient for sb. to do sth.；主语不能是人。 9. progress / pr ɡres/ n.进步（不可数名词） 教材原句：People have made great progress in protecting the environment. 翻译：人们在保护环境方面取得巨大进步。 考点：make great progress，不加s，单选高频陷阱。 10. support /s p t/ v.&n.支持；支援 教材原句：With the government’s support, hills become greener. 翻译：在政府支持下，山变得更绿。 考点：support sb. / with one’s support。
短 语 1. take place 发生（有计划；无被动语态） 原句：What changes have taken place around you 翻译：你身边发生了哪些变化？ 考点： be taken place；辨析happen（偶然发生）。 2. used to do sth. 过去常常做（现在不再） 原句：People used to live in small old houses. 翻译：人们过去常常住在老旧的小房子里。 考点：否定didn’t use to do；疑问Did…use to do…；辨析be used to doing（习惯于）。 3. over the past / last …years 在过去……年以来 原句：Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past 20 years. 翻译：过去20年我的家乡发生巨变。 考点：现在完成时标志词。 4. be covered with 被……覆盖 原句：The hills used to be covered with sand. 翻译：这些小山过去被沙子覆盖。 5. with the development of… 随着……的发展 原句：With the development of transport, travelling becomes easier. 翻译：随着交通的发展，出行变得更容易。 考点：作文高分万能短语。 6. make great progress 取得巨大进步 原句：We have made great progress in fighting sandstorms. 翻译：我们在治理沙尘暴方面取得巨大进步。 7. living conditions 生活条件 原句：People’s living conditions are much better than before. 翻译：人们的生活条件比以前好多了。 8. benefit from 从……中获益 原句：Many local people benefit from the new railway. 翻译：很多当地人从这条新铁路中获益。 9. since… 自从……（后接过去时间点/一般过去时从句） 原句：I have lived here since I was born. 翻译：自从出生我就住在这里。 考点：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。 10. quite a lot 相当多，很大程度（修饰动词） 原句：Our hometown has changed quite a lot. 翻译：我们家乡变化非常大。 考点：quite a lot of +名词。
句 型 1. What changes have taken place around you 翻译：你身边发生了哪些变化？ 考点：现在完成时特殊疑问句；take place无被动。 2. How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years 翻译：过去20年，你家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 考点：over the last 20 years →现在完成时。 3. There used to be narrow and dirty roads. 翻译：过去这里有又窄又脏的道路。 考点：There used to be… “过去曾经有……”；今昔对比写作核心句型。 4. It used to take half a day to get to the town. 翻译：过去要花半天时间才能到达镇上。 考点：It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.；it形式主语；used to后接动词原形。 5. I have lived here since I was born, so I have seen all the changes with my own eyes. 翻译：我从出生就住在这里，所以我亲眼见证了所有变化。 考点：since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句现在完成时。 6. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 翻译：我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 考点：单元作文开篇万能句；take place无被动。 7. In the past… But now… 教材原句：In the past people mainly walked or rode bikes. But now many families have their own cars. 翻译：过去人们主要步行或骑自行车，但是现在很多家庭拥有私家车。 考点：今昔对比，写作必用句型。 8. Have you ever been to other places 翻译：你曾经去过别的地方吗？ 考点：have been to曾经去过（已回来）；辨析have gone to（去了未回）；have been in（待在某地）。 9. Things are very different from the past. 翻译：情况和过去大不一样。 考点：be different from 与……不同。 10. With the development of technology, people’s lives have become much more convenient. 翻译：随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得便利得多。 考点：with短语作状语；much修饰比较级more convenient；作文结尾升华句。
语法 1. used to do sth. 过去常常（现在不再） 2. 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词；for/since；延续性动词转换 3. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析 4. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时辨析
写作 写短文介绍家乡变迁：引入—过去样貌—现在变化—个人感悟（中考高频）
一、词形转换（必背）
1. develop v.发展 → development n.发展｜with the development of…作文万能短语
2. improve v.改善 → improvement n.改善
3. attract v.吸引 → attraction n.景点；吸引力
4. sand n.沙子 → sandy adj.沙地的
二、不可数名词陷阱（考试高频挖坑）
progress n.进步：make great progress，不加s， make a great progress
transport n.交通；communication n.通讯，均不可数
三、核心动词辨析
1. change v./n.改变；great changes（复数）巨大变化
2. improve v.改善；主语多为条件、生活，无被动语态
3. benefit v.获益｜benefit from 从……获益
四、阅读高频名词
government政府；shortage短缺；sandstorm沙尘暴；condition条件；railway铁路
五、短语考点
1. take place 发生（有计划、客观变化）
考点：无被动语态，不能说be taken place；辨析happen（偶然发生事故）
2. used to do sth. 过去常常做（现在不这样）
辨析三组易混：
①used to do 过去常常(+动词原形)
②be/get used to doing 习惯于做(to是介词，后接doing)
③be used to do 被用来做（被动）
3. over the past / last …years 在过去……年以来 →现在完成时标志词
4. be covered with 被……覆盖
5. make great progress 取得巨大进步
6. living conditions 生活条件
7. with the development of… 随着……的发展（作文高分）
8. benefit from 从……获益
考点专练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. With the ________ (develop) of our city, many new buildings have appeared.
2. People are happy to see the ________ (improve) of living conditions.
3. The place is full of ________ (attract) for visitors from all over the world.
4. There are lots of ________ (sand) hills in this area.
5. We have made great ________ (progress) in protecting the environment.
6. Many local people ________ (benefit) from the new road in the past ten years.
7. Great ________ (change) have taken place in my hometown.
8. The ground ________ (cover) with snow in winter years ago.
9. He is used to ________ (get) up early every morning.
10. Wood is used to ________ (make) paper.
11. My father used to ________ (drive) to work, but now he rides a bike.
12. Much ________ (communicate) helps people know more about each other.
13. The ________ (government) decision makes villagers’ life much better.
14. In the past, ________ (transport) was not convenient in small villages.
15. We can see many ________ (sandstorm) in northern China in spring.
16. Our living ________ (condition) are much better than before.
17. Over the past five years, our school ________ (change) a lot.
18. Many plants can grow on these ________ (sand) land now.
19. The film shows the ________ (develop) of this small town.
20. We are glad to see the ________ (improve) of people’s life.
参考答案
1. development 2. improvement 3. attractions 4. sandy
5. progress 6. have benefited 7. changes 8. was covered
9. getting 10. make 11. drive 12. communication
13. government’s 14. transport 15. sandstorms 16. conditions
17. has changed 18. sandy 19. development 20. improvement
二、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
1. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have ________ ________ in my hometown.
2. 过去这里常常有很多旧房子。
There ________ ________ ________ many old houses here.
3. 随着社会的发展，人们过得越来越好。
________ the ________ of society, people live better and better.
4. 在过去的二十年里，这座城市改善了许多。
________ ________ ________ twenty years, the city has improved a lot.
5. 我们在保护环境方面取得巨大进步。
We have ________ great ________ in protecting the environment.
6. 很多人从新政策中获益。
Lots of people ________ ________ the new policy.
7. 这座山过去被沙子覆盖。
The mountain used to ________ ________ ________ sand.
8. 我过去常常步行去上学。
I ________ ________ walk to school.
9. 他已经习惯了早起。
He ________ ________ ________ getting up early.
10. 木头被用来做桌子。
Wood ________ ________ ________ make desks.
11. 过去交通很不方便。
In the past, ________ was not convenient.
12. 政府给予了当地人们很多支持。
The ________ gave much support to local people.
13. 过去北方经常有沙尘暴。
There used to be many ________ in North China.
14. 人们的生活条件已经大大改善。
People’s ________ ________ have improved a lot.
15. 事故发生在昨天晚上。
An accident ________ last night.（偶然发生）
16. 我们能看到这个小镇的很多改变。
We can see many ________ in this small town.
17. 不要说取得一个巨大进步。
Don’t say “make ________ great ________”.（注意名词不可数）
18. 过去这个地区水资源短缺。
There was a ________ ________ water in this area years ago.
19. 交流对我们很重要。
Good ________ is very important to us.
20. 这个地方对游客很有吸引力。
This place has many ________ for visitors.
参考答案
1. taken place 2. used to be 3. With; development 4. Over the past
5. made; progress 6. benefit from 7. be covered with 8. used to
9. is/get used to 10. is used to 11. transport 12. government
13. sandstorms 14. living conditions 15. happened 16. changes
17. a; progress 18. shortage of munication 20. attractions
考点1：现在完成时
用法（本单元侧重）
①过去动作对现在造成结果、影响；
②动作从过去持续至今；
③经历；描述家乡、社会已经发生的变化
结构：have/has + 过去分词
标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, since+时间点，for+时间段，over the past…years
高频难点：延续性动词转换
for/since连用，短暂动词要换成延续性
buy have；borrow keep；join be in；die be dead；begin be on
考点2：have been to / have gone to / have been in
1. have been to：曾经去过（已回来）
2. have gone to：去了某地（还未回来）
3. have been in：待在某地（持续多久）
考点3：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时辨析
1. 一般过去时：只陈述过去事实，有明确过去时间（in 2000, ten years ago），和现在无关
2. 现在完成时：强调对现在的结果/影响；句中无明确过去时间；常搭配since/for/over the past…
口诀：看到ago、in+过去年份，用一般过去时；看到over the past…、since、for，多用现在完成时。
考点4：used to do 三种句式
肯定句：主语+used to do
否定句：主语+didn’t use to do（考试最常考）
一般疑问句：Did +主语+use to do…
There used to be…过去曾经有……（写作必用句型）
语法考点专练
1. Great changes ____ in my hometown over the past ten years.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place
2. —Where is your father
—He ____ Beijing. He will come back in three days.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been in D. went to
3. I ____ this book for two weeks. It’s very interesting.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had
4. My hometown ____ very poor, but now it’s very rich.
A. used to be B. is used to being C. was used to be D. use to be
5. —Have you ____ been to Shanghai
—No, never.
A. just B. ever C. yet D. already
6. He ____ in this school since he was twelve years old.
A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying
7. The old man ____ for 5 years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead
8. —Did you use to swim in the river
—____. But now I don’t.
A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn’t C. Yes, I do D. No, I don’t
9. I ____ my homework already, so I can play now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish
10. They ____ the club since last year.
A. have joined B. joined C. have been in D. join
11. —How long ____ you ____ here
—For three years.
A. have; been B. did; stay C. do; stay D. have; gone
12. Tom ____ to Qingdao twice, so he knows it well.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
13. There ____ a small river in front of the village in the past.
A. used to be B. was used to be C. is used to being D. used to have
14. I didn’t use to ____ English, but now I love it.
A. learn B. learning C. learned D. learns
15. The meeting ____ for ten minutes. Don’t be late again.
A. has begun B. began C. has been on D. begins
16. He ____ in Beijing three days ago.
A. has been B. was C. have been D. is
17. We have made great progress ____.
A. ten years ago B. in 2010 C. over the past few years D. just now
18. —Has your mother finished cooking ____
—Yes, she has.
A. already B. yet C. just D. ever
19. My brother ____ the bike for one month.
A. has bought B. bought C. has had D. buys
20. People’s life ____ a lot in the last twenty years.
A. changed B. has changed C. changes D. is changing
参考答案
1-5：BBCAB
6-10：CCACC
11-15：ABAAC
16-20：BCBCB
中考高频：Great Changes in My Hometown
1. 文体：夹叙夹议短文；词数不少于80词
2. 时态分层（扣分重灾区）
（1）描述过去样貌：一般过去时 / used to do
（2）描述已经发生的变化：现在完成时
（3）陈述现在现状、观点：一般现在时
3. 写作逻辑：
开头：总起，发生巨大变化
中间：过去样貌 →现在交通/居住/环境对比
结尾：感受、展望
4. 高频失分点
①take place写成被动语态
②progress加s
③时态混用，通篇全部用一般过去时，不体现对现在的影响
④不会用used to进行今昔对比
书面表达专练
1．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问你家乡近年来的变化。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封回信，介绍你家乡的变化。
提示要点：
1. 过去：小路、旧房、出行不便、环境较差；
2. 现在：宽阔的马路、高楼大厦、地铁/公交便利、环境改善；
3. 你的感受。
要求：
1. 词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 语句通顺，条理清晰，可适当发挥；
3. 至少使用3个现在完成时的句子。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter. You asked about the changes in my hometown.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Welcome to my hometown one day!
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文：
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to receive your letter. You asked about the changes in my hometown. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
In the past, there were only narrow roads and old houses. People went out mainly by bike or on foot. The environment was not very good. But now, many wide roads and tall buildings have been built. A new subway station has been built and people can travel around easily. More trees have been planted and the air is much fresher than before.
I am happy to see these changes. I hope my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future. Welcome to my hometown one day!
Yours,
Li Hua
2．随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。你校英语角本周以“Changes Around Us”为题征集英文作文。请你根据下图中的提示，从以下四个角度中任选三个角度对比过去和现在的变化，并谈一谈自己对这些变化的看法。
要求：
1.词数不少于80词；
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Changes Around Us
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
Changes Around Us
In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. First, let’s talk about travel. In the past, people could only travel to nearby places. But now, we can not only go abroad easily but also enjoy travelling online to visit faraway tourist attractions from home.
Then, traffic has become more convenient. Before, people mainly took buses or green trains for long trips. Now, we can drive cars, take high-speed trains or take the plane, which save lots of time.
Finally, our ways to study are different. In the past, we just read textbooks alone. But now, we do more reading to learn widely and do more group work to share ideas.
These changes make our life better. I believe we’ll have a more wonderful future with more progress!
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