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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026 - 2027学年八年级英语上册单元全真模拟培优卷仁爱科普版（新教材）
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
注意事项：
1．本试卷共七大题，满分120分（不含听力口语30分），考试用时100分钟；
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在相对应的位置上，并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合；
3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效，不得用其他笔答题。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Poland on February 19th, 1473. He studied in Poland and 1 in Italy. Copernicus liked to watch the stars. He had a new idea 2 the universe. He believed that the earth and other planets go 3 the sun. In his time, most people thought the earth was the 4 of the universe. In 1543, Copernicus 5 a book about his ideas. About sixty years 6 , scientists proved his ideas right. Today, we all know that Copernicus was 7 . His ideas 8 the way people thought about the universe. He is one of the most important 9 in history. We should remember his great 10 to science.
1．A．late B．later C．lately D．latest
2．A．for B．about C．with D．at
3．A．round B．around C．about D．across
4．A．center B．side C．part D．edge
5．A．read B．wrote C．published D．sold
6．A．before B．after C．later D．earlier
7．A．wrong B．right C．wise D．silly
8．A．changed B．kept C．followed D．made
9．A．scientists B．writers C．artists D．teachers
10．A．work B．contribution C．idea D．book
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum. At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space. But soon he made friends with other students who shared the same interest. During the camp, they listened to lectures from real astronauts, watched videos of space missions, and even tried on spacesuits. Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon. He learned how astronauts walk in low gravity and collect samples.
When he came back home, he shared what he learned with his parents. To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space. They bought him many books about the solar system and even signed him up for a weekly space study group. Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He says, “The camp taught me that as long as I work hard, my dream can come true.”
11．Where did Zhang Wei join the space summer camp
A．In a space station. B．At the local science museum.
C．In his school. D．At an astronaut training center.
12．Why was Zhang Wei nervous at first
A．Because he had no friends there.
B．Because he didn’t like the camp.
C．Because he knew little about space.
D．Because the lectures were too difficult.
13．What was Zhang Wei most interested in during the camp
A．Listening to astronauts’ lectures. B．Watching space mission videos.
C．Trying on spacesuits. D．Simulating landing on the moon.
14．How did Zhang Wei’s parents react when he shared his camp experience
A．They got angry. B．They encouraged him.
C．They didn’t care. D．They asked him to focus on study.
15．What does Zhang Wei want to be in the future
A．A scientist. B．A teacher. C．An astronaut. D．A writer.
B
A recent survey about environmental problems was done among middle school students in our city. Here are the results:
- 75% of students think air pollution is the most serious problem in our city.
- 60% of them say they see litter on the streets every day.
- 45% of students worry about water pollution in rivers and lakes.
- Only 30% of them take part in environmental protection activities, such as cleaning up parks or planting trees.
Most students say they know protecting the Earth is important, but they don’t have enough time to do something because of too much homework. Some students also say they don’t know how to start. However, teachers say that small actions can make a big difference. For example, turning off lights when leaving a room, using reusable bags instead of plastic ones, and picking up litter can help protect the environment.
16．What do most students think is the most serious environmental problem
A．Water pollution. B．Air pollution. C．Litter on streets. D．Noise pollution.
17．What percentage of students see litter on the streets every day
A．75%. B．60%. C．45%. D．30%.
18．Why don’t most students take part in environmental activities
A．Because they don’t think it’s important.
B．Because they have too much homework.
C．Because their parents don’t allow them.
D．Because they don’t know how to do it.
19．What do teachers think about environmental protection
A．Only big actions can help.
B．Small actions make a big difference.
C．Students don’t need to do anything.
D．It’s impossible to protect the Earth.
20．Which of the following is TRUE according to the survey
A．Most students take part in environmental activities.
B．45% of students worry about air pollution.
C．Using reusable bags is a small helpful action.
D．Students have enough time to protect the environment.
C
The Brightness of Stars
When we look up at the night sky, some stars appear brighter than others. The brightness of a star is related to its size. Generally speaking, larger stars are brighter than smaller ones. However, distance also plays a role. A small star that is close to us may appear brighter than a large star that is far away. The Sun is a medium-sized star, but it appears very bright to us because it is so close. Some stars are much larger than the Sun, but they look like tiny dots because they are very far away.
Scientists study the brightness of stars to learn more about the universe. By comparing the apparent brightness (how bright a star looks from Earth) with its actual brightness (how bright it really is), scientists can figure out how far away a star is. This method has helped astronomers map the universe and discover many new stars and galaxies. The study of star brightness is a key part of modern astronomy.
21．What is the brightness of a star related to
A．Its age and color. B．Its size and distance.
C．Its temperature and age. D．Its distance and color.
22．The underlined word “medium-sized” in Paragraph 1 most probably means ________.
A．very large B．very small C．middle in size D．the smallest
23．Why does the Sun appear very bright to us
A．Because it is the largest star. B．Because it is very close to us.
C．Because it is very hot. D．Because it is very old.
24．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A．The Sun is the brightest star in the universe.
B．Scientists have discovered all the stars in the universe.
C．Studying star brightness helps scientists understand the universe better.
D．Apparent brightness is more important than actual brightness.
25．How is the passage organized
A．By comparing two different types of stars.
B．By explaining a scientific concept and its application.
C．By telling a story about a scientist.
D．By giving a list of star names.
D
Death Valley—A Land of Extremes
Death Valley, located in California, USA, is known as the hottest place on Earth and the driest place in North America. On July 10, 1913, the highest air temperature of 134°F (56.7°C) was recorded here—a record that still stands today. In summer, the average rainfall in Death Valley is less than 5 centimeters. However, winter and spring are relatively wetter, making the weather more comfortable for visitors.
Despite its name and extreme conditions, Death Valley is not completely lifeless. Many plants and animals have adapted to survive in this harsh environment. The valley is home to over 1,000 species of plants, including the famous Joshua trees, and many animals such as coyotes, lizards, and bighorn sheep. These creatures have learned to live with very little water and extreme temperatures.
Interestingly, the higher areas of the valley are cooler than the lower ones. Death Valley also contains some of the most beautiful and unusual landscapes in the world, including colorful rocks, sand dunes, and salt flats. It is a place of extreme beauty and extreme conditions.
26．What is Death Valley known for
A．The lowest temperature on Earth.
B．The hottest and driest conditions in North America.
C．The highest rainfall in the world.
D．The largest desert in the world.
27．The underlined word “adapted” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A．given up B．changed to fit C．struggled against D．escaped from
28．How much rain does Death Valley get in summer on average
A．More than 5 centimeters. B．Exactly 5 centimeters.
C．Less than 5 centimeters. D．About 10 centimeters.
29．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Death Valley is always hot everywhere.
B．The higher areas are cooler than the lower ones.
C．Visitors should only go in summer.
D．Death Valley has no plants at all.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Death Valley is a dangerous place that no one should visit.
B．Death Valley is a place of extreme conditions but also has life and beauty.
C．Death Valley only has extreme temperatures.
D．Death Valley is the driest place in the world.
第三部分 信息还原（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hi, I’m Sherry, and I’m an amateur astronomer (天文爱好者), which means that I like to learn about faraway stars and planets and other mysterious things in space just for fun. I recently toured the Kitt Peak National Observatory (天文台). 31
The mountain the observatory is built on belongs to a Native American tribe (部落). I heard people in the tribe didn’t allow astronomers to build the observatory on its mountain at first, but they changed their mind after looking through a telescope (望远镜)! 32 That made me laugh.
The mountaintop is perfect for star watching. 33 Being on a mountain keeps the telescopes above the dusty world. Besides, being up high gets you even closer to the planets and stars.
The Kitt Peak National Observatory has a collection of 26 telescopes! These aren’t telescopes you can hold in your hand. 34 The tour at the Kitt Peak National Observatory let me get close to three of them. 35 The other two are star telescopes they use at night for studying stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.
A．It sits high on top of a tall mountain.
B．Away from city lights, it stays dark at night.
C．Some of the telescopes are large and expensive.
D．All these telescopes need a whole building to hold them up and protect them.
E．One is a solar (太阳的) telescope that astronomers use during the day for studying the sun.
F．They started saying the astronomers had “long eyes” since they could see so far with their telescopes.
G．Telescopes have an influence on the way we view the universe.
第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节 根据下列句子所给汉语注释或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
36．Without enough sleep, you will do even ________ (糟糕) in your schoolwork.
37．Do not ________ (使充满) the room with too many things.
38．The ________ (直径) of the sun is much larger than that of the earth.
39．The ________ (太阳的) energy gives us light and heat.
40．We should keep our ________ (责任) to protect the earth.
41．It’s very c________ to pay by Alipay or WeChat Pay.
42．Mr Smith is l________ than his brother. He seldom helps with housework at home.
43．It’s a little cold. Please h__________ the soup in a pan to keep us warm before lunch.
44．Remember to keep the coloured clothes s________ from the white ones when doing the laundry.
45．We should p________ the animals and plants on the earth.
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
their, life, rock, close, and, have, send, interest, to, difference
Mars is red. It is the 46 planet to the Earth. Of all the planets, it is the most similar 47 the Earth. Scientists are very 48 in studying it. For example, like the Earth, Mars has 49 temperatures and weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round.
Mars’ diameter is about 6,779 km, and that is about half of the Earth’s diameter. Mars has a very thin atmosphere (大气层) made up mostly of CO , with a few other gases. Mars also 50 big valleys, like the very famous Valles Marineris (水手谷).
Was there life on Mars To answer it, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, people 51 Spirit (勇气号) and Opportunity (机遇号) to Mars to look for the support. They can work over 52 and all kinds of ground. They can also take photos 53 send photos back to the Earth.
First, they found chemicals and patterns (图案) in the rocks. The water probably made 54 .
Then, they moved to another area and found some other rocks. They might be created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on Mars long ago.
Today they are still not sure if there was 55 on Mars. The information from Spirit and Opportunity answered some old questions, but they also brought people many new ones.
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (每空不多于三个单词)。
The idea of traveling to space is not new, but space tourism for common people is a new thing. In 2001, Dennis Tito 56 (become) the first space tourist in the world. This trip was 57 big step for space exploration (探索).
Today, some companies are working hard to make space travel much 58 (easy) for people to join. For them, this is not only a business. It is a way for us 59 (see) our Earth in a new way. Now, a short trip to space is possible, 60 it is still very expensive. However, many people think 61 is better than any holiday on Earth.
The space trip is really amazing. After an exciting rocket launch, the passengers can unbuckle their belts and float freely in the cabin. They can feel weightlessness (失重). The feeling is peaceful. Looking out 62 the window, they will find that Earth is one of the most beautiful 63 (planet) in the universe. Of course, safety is very important. Everyone must follow strict rules. All passengers need to take special 64 (train) classes and wear protective suits during the trip. This makes sure that everyone can enjoy the great adventure 65 (safe).
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Is there intelligent life on other planets For years, scientists said “no” or “we don’t know”. But today this is changing. The astronomers (天文学家) Seth and Alex think there must be intelligent life on other planets. They also think we might soon communicate with these beings.
Why do Seth and Alex think so The first reason is time. “The universe is about 12 billion years old. This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” said Seth and Alex. The second reason is size—the universe is so huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope showed that there are at least 100 billion galaxies (星系) in the universe.” said Seth. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life. But now, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Did intelligent beings from space already visit Earth “Maybe not,” said Alex. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may get in touch with us in other ways, such as using radio signals (无线电信号). In fact, they might have tried to communicate with us in the past, but we didn’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could get in touch with other life forms in our universe and we might even help each other.”
66．What do Seth and Alex do
67．How old is our universe
68．What makes it possible for scientists to discover smaller planets
69．How might intelligent beings from other planets get in touch with us
70．Do you think there is intelligent life on other planets Why or why not
书面表达（共1题；满分25分）
71．学校航空爱好者社团正在举办一场展演，他们请你写一篇关于木星的英文介绍，用于展出。请以“My Favorite Planet——Jupiter”为题，根据下面的提示内容，用英语写一篇介绍木星的短文。
写作内容：1.木星是太阳系中最大的行星，比其他所有行星加起来还要大；
2.它有一个著名的大红斑，是一场巨大的风暴 (storm)；
3.木星有很多卫星 (moon)，其中一些卫星很特别，像木卫二 (Europa) 可能存在液态水 (liquid water)；
4.科学家们对木星很感兴趣，一直在研究它。
写作要求：1.短文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
2.词数100词左右。
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文介绍了哥白尼的生平及贡献。他提出地球绕太阳转的观点，著书立说。后来被证实，改变了人们的宇宙观，是历史上重要的科学家。
【解析】1．句意：他在波兰学习，后来在意大利学习。
前文“studied in Poland”与“in Italy”存在时间先后关系，later“后来”符合语境；late“迟到的”、lately“最近”、latest“最新的”均不符合时间逻辑。
2．句意：他有一个关于宇宙的新想法。
“a new idea about...”表示“关于……的新想法”，是固定搭配，about“关于”符合语境；for“为了”、with“和……一起”、at“在（地点/时间）”均不搭配“idea”表示内容。
3．句意：他认为地球和其他行星绕着太阳转。
“go around the sun”（绕太阳转）是固定表达，around“围绕”符合天体运行的描述；round（侧重“圆形”）、about（关于）、across（穿过）均不符合“环绕”的语义。
4．句意：在他那个时代，大多数人认为地球是宇宙的中心。
结合历史背景，当时人们持“地心说”，center“中心”符合这一认知；side“边”、part“部分”、edge“边缘”均与“地心说”的核心观点不符。
5．句意：1543年，哥白尼出版了一本关于他的想法的书。
科学家公布学术观点通常通过“出版书籍”，published“出版”符合语境；read“阅读”、wrote“写”（未体现“公开传播”）、sold“售卖”均不符合学术成果发布的逻辑。
6．句意：大约六十年后，科学家证明他的想法是正确的。
“时间段+later”表示“……之后”，符合“先出版书籍，后被证明正确”的时间顺序，later符合语境；before“之前”、after“之后”（通常接具体时间点或从句）、earlier“更早”均不符合。
7．句意：今天，我们都知道哥白尼是对的。
前文提到“scientists proved his ideas right”，right“正确的”符合语境；wrong“错误的”、wise“明智的”（侧重“智慧”，非“观点正确”）、silly“愚蠢的”均与事实相反。
8．句意：他的想法改变了人们对宇宙的思考方式。
哥白尼的“日心说”颠覆了传统认知，changed“改变”符合“革新思想”的语境；kept“保持”、followed“跟随”、made“制造”均不符合“思想变革”的语义。
9．句意：他是历史上最重要的科学家之一。
哥白尼是提出天体运行理论的科学家，scientists“科学家”符合身份；writers“作家”、artists“艺术家”、teachers“教师”均与他的职业不符。
10．句意：我们应该记住他对科学的伟大贡献。
“make a contribution to...”（对……做贡献）是固定搭配，contribution“贡献”符合纪念其科学成就的语境；work“工作”、idea“想法”、book“书籍”均未体现“贡献”的抽象意义。
11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了13岁的张伟参加太空夏令营的经历，以及这次经历如何激发了他成为宇航员的梦想。
【解析】11．文章第一段第一句“Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum.”指出，张伟参加了由当地科学博物馆举办的太空夏令营。
12．文章第一段第二句“At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space.”指出，张伟一开始紧张是因为他对太空知之甚少。
13．文章第一段倒数第二句“Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon.”指出，张伟对模拟登陆月球最感兴趣。
14．文章第二段第二句“To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space.”指出，父母鼓励他继续学习太空知识。
15．文章第二段第四句“Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up.”指出，张伟长大后想成为一名宇航员。
16．B 17．B 18．B 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要呈现了关于本市中学生环境问题看法及环保习惯的调查结果，并给出了老师的建议。
【解析】16．根据文中“- 75% of students think air pollution is the most serious problem in our city.”可知，75% 的学生认为空气污染是最严重的问题，即大多数学生认为空气污染最严重。
17．根据文中“- 60% of them say they see litter on the streets every day.”可知，60% 的学生表示每天都能看到街道上的垃圾。
18．根据文中“Most students say they know protecting the Earth is important, but they don’t have enough time to do something because of too much homework.”可知，大多数学生不参加环保活动是因为作业太多，没有足够的时间。
19．根据文中“However, teachers say that small actions can make a big difference.”可知，老师们认为小小的行动也能产生巨大的影响。
20．根据文中“using reusable bags instead of plastic ones ... can help protect the environment.”可知，使用可重复使用的袋子是有助于环保的小行动，C项正确。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．B
【导语】本文围绕恒星亮度展开，最后指出恒星亮度研究是现代天文学的重要组成部分。
【解析】21．根据第一段“The brightness of a star is related to its size... However, distance also plays a role.”可知，恒星的亮度与其大小和距离有关。
22．根据第一段“Some stars are much larger than the Sun”可知，太阳并不是最大的恒星，medium本身就有“中等的、中间的”含义，所以medium-sized的意思是“尺寸中等的”。
23．根据第一段“The Sun is a medium-sized star, but it appears very bright to us because it is so close.”可知，太阳看起来非常亮是因为它离我们近。
24．根据第二段“Scientists study the brightness of stars to learn more about the universe.”，及后文提到的“This method has helped astronomers map the universe...”可知，研究恒星亮度有助于科学家更好地了解宇宙，对应选项C。
25．第一段主要解释了影响恒星亮度的科学概念（大小和距离），第二段说明了科学家如何利用这一概念进行实际应用（测量距离、探索宇宙），整体结构为：解释科学概念+介绍应用，故选B。
26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文介绍了位于美国加利福尼亚州的死亡谷，一处环境极端却兼具生机与独特美景的特殊区域。
【解析】26．根据第一段“Death Valley... is known as the hottest place on Earth and the driest place in North America.”可知，死亡谷以地球上最热和北美最干燥的条件闻名。
27．根据第二段“Many plants and animals have adapted to survive in this harsh environment.”，许多动植物能在恶劣环境中生存，且后文提到“These creatures have learned to live with very little water and extreme temperatures.”，说明它们做出了改变以适应环境，因此选项B正确。
28．根据第一段“In summer, the average rainfall in Death Valley is less than 5 centimeters.”可知，夏季平均降雨量少于5厘米。
29．根据第三段“Interestingly, the higher areas of the valley are cooler than the lower ones.”可知，山谷较高的区域比较低的地方凉爽。
30．文章第一段介绍了死亡谷的极端气候，第二段介绍了那里的动植物生命，第三段介绍了其景观之美。所以选项B最能概括全文主旨。
31．A 32．F 33．B 34．D 35．E
【导语】本文介绍了作者是一名业余天文爱好者，文中作者介绍了自己最近一次去天文台观察宇宙的经历。
【解析】31．根据“I recently toured the Kitt Peak National Observatory (天文台). ”可知这里提到了作者自己去了一个天文台，选项A“它坐落在一座高山的顶端。”符合语境。故选A。
32．根据“I heard people in the tribe didn't allow astronomers to build the observatory on its mountain at first, but they changed their mind after looking through a telescope (望远镜)! ”可知这里介绍了原本这个天文台是不被允许建，后来处于种种原因又建立起来，因此后文可以解释又被允许建立天文台的原因。选项F“他们开始说天文学家有‘长眼睛’，因为他们可以用望远镜看得很远。”符合语境。故选F。
33．根据“The mountaintop is perfect for star watching.”可知这里介绍了关于观察宇宙最佳的地址，下文应解释为什么。选项B“远离城市的灯光，它在晚上保持黑暗。”符合语境。故选B。
34．根据“The Kitt Peak National Observatory has a collection of 26 telescopes! These aren’t telescopes you can hold in your hand.”可知这里提到了专业的望远镜与这个天文台之间的联系。选项D“所有这些望远镜都需要一整栋建筑来支撑和保护它们。”符合语境。故选D。
35．根据“The other two are star telescopes they use at night for studying stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.”可知这里说了另外的望远镜做什么用处，前文应说一种是什么望远镜。因此选项E“一种是太阳望远镜，天文学家白天用它来研究太阳。”符合语境。故选E。
36．worse
【解析】句意：没有充足的睡眠，你的学业表现会变得更加糟糕。括号内中文“糟糕”对应的副词原级为badly，用来修饰动词do；even意为“更加”，用来修饰副词、形容词比较级，因此此处要使用badly的比较级worse。
37．fill
【解析】句意：不要在房间里堆放太多东西。根据汉语提示可知，fill意为“使充满”，固定搭配fill…with…“用……填满……”；本句为Do not开头的祈使句，do not后接动词原形。
38．diameter
【解析】句意：太阳的直径比地球的直径大得多。diameter意为“直径”，谓语is为单数，主语用单数形式diameter。故填diameter。
39．solar
【解析】句意：太阳能给我们光和热。根据“energy”提示，需填形容词作定语。“太阳的”为形容词solar。
40．responsibility
【解析】句意：我们应当肩负起保护地球的责任。根据形容词性物主代词our以及括号内中文提示可知，此处需要填入名词，responsibility意为“责任”，keep one’s responsibility表示“肩负某人的责任”。
41．convenient/onvenient/common/ommon
【解析】句意：使用支付宝或微信支付非常方便/普遍。根据“It’s very…to pay by Alipay or WeChat Pay.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“使用支付宝或微信支付非常方便/普遍”，应用形容词convenient“方便的”/common“普遍的”作表语。故填convenient/common。
42．lazier/azier
【解析】句意：史密斯先生比他的弟弟更懒。他在家很少帮忙做家务。根据“Mr Smith is…than his brother. He seldom helps with housework at home.”以及首字母提示可知，史密斯先生比他的弟弟更懒，此处应用形容词比较级lazier“更懒惰的”作表语。故填lazier。
43．heat/eat
【解析】句意：有点冷。午饭前请把锅里的汤加热，让我们暖和一下。根据“It’s a little cold.”和“the soup in a pan to keep us warm”可知，此处指把汤加热，heat“加热”，动词；此句是祈使句，使用动词原形。故填heat。
44．separate/eparate
【解析】句意：洗衣服时记得把有色衣服和白色衣服分开。根据“keep the coloured clothes...from the white ones”及首字母可知，是指将两种衣服分开，separate“分开”符合语境，keep...separate from...表示“使……与……分开”。故填separate。
45．protect/rotect
【解析】句意：我们应该保护地球上的动植物。根据“should”可知，横线处需填动词原形，与“should”一起构成谓语，结合首字母提示及“the animals and plants on the earth”可知，此处指保护地球上的动植物，protect“保护”，动词。故填protect。
46．closest 47．to 48．interested 49．different 50．has 51．sent 52．rocks 53．and 54．them 55．life
【导语】本文主要介绍火星的相关知识，对比火星与地球的相似与不同之处，并介绍科学家发射探测器探索火星是否存在水和生命的相关研究。
【解析】46．句意：它是距离地球最近的行星。根据语境及定冠词the提示，此处需要用形容词最高级，close的最高级形式为closest，表示“最近的”，符合句意。
47．句意：在所有行星中，它与地球最为相似。固定搭配“be similar to”表示“与……相似”，此处需用介词to，其他词汇无法构成该固定搭配。
48．句意：科学家对研究它非常感兴趣。固定搭配“be interested in”表示“对……感兴趣”，此处需将名词interest变为形容词interested，符合语法及句意。
49．句意：例如，和地球一样，火星有不同的温度和天气，而其他行星全年温度相同。根据后句“other planets have the same temperatures”形成对比可知，此处表达不同的温度，difference的形容词形式different表示“不同的”，修饰名词temperatures，符合语境。
50．句意：火星也有巨大的山谷，比如著名的水手谷。句子主语Mars为单数名词，全文为一般现在时，谓语动词have需变为第三人称单数形式has，符合主谓一致规则。
51．句意：2004年，人们向火星发射了勇气号和机遇号探测器寻找相关依据。根据时间状语“In 2004”可知时态为一般过去时，send的过去式为sent，符合句子时态要求，表示发射探测器。
52．句意：它们可以在岩石和各种地面上工作。空格后与“all kinds of ground”并列，rock为可数名词，此处表示泛指需用复数形式rocks，贴合火星地表环境的语境。
53．句意：它们还可以拍照并将照片传回地球。“take photos”与“send photos back to the Earth”是两个并列动作，需用并列连词and连接，符合句子逻辑。
54．句意：这些水很可能形成了它们。此处指代前文提到的岩石中的化学物质和图案，指代复数名词patterns，需用形容词性物主代词their对应的宾格形式them，作动词made的宾语。
55．句意：如今他们仍然不确定火星上是否存在生命。前文一直在探讨火星是否存在生命，结合语境可知此处填life，表示“生命”，符合文章主旨。
56．became 57．a 58．easier 59．to see 60．but 61．it 62．of 63．planets 64．training 65．safely
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空旅游的发展。从2001年第一位太空游客出现，到如今一些公司致力于让太空旅行变得更便捷，尽管价格昂贵，但太空体验令人惊叹，同时安全措施也至关重要。
【解析】56．句意：2001年，丹尼斯·蒂托成为世界上第一位太空游客。根据时间状语“In 2001”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，故填become的过去式became。
57．句意：这次旅行是太空探索的一大步。“step”在此处意为“一步；进步”，为可数名词单数，且是第一次提及，需用不定冠词修饰。big以辅音音素开头，故填a。
58．句意：如今，一些公司正努力让太空旅行变得更容易让人们参与。根据句意及“much”修饰比较级可知，此处需用形容词比较级形式，easy的比较级为easier。
59．句意：这是一种让我们以新的方式观察地球的方式。“a way for sb. to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“让某人做某事的方式”，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to see。
60．句意：现在，去太空的短途旅行是可能的，但它仍然非常昂贵。前后分句之间为转折关系，故需用转折连词but。
61．句意：然而，许多人认为它比地球上的任何假期都好。此处指代前文提到的“a short trip to space”，需用代词it作主语。
62．句意：向窗外望去，他们会发现地球是宇宙中最美丽的行星之一。“look out of the window”为固定短语，意为“向窗外看”。
63．句意：向窗外望去，他们会发现地球是宇宙中最美丽的行星之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……之一”，故填planet的复数形式planets。
64．句意：所有乘客都需要参加特殊的培训课程，并在旅行期间穿着防护服。此处修饰名词classes，需用名词作定语，说明课程的性质。train的名词形式training意为“培训；训练”，符合语境。
65．句意：这确保每个人都能安全地享受这次伟大的冒险。此处修饰动词enjoy，需用副词形式。safe的副词为safely，意为“安全地”。
66．They are astronomers. 67．The universe is about 12 billion years old. 68．Powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets. 69．By using radio signals. 70．No, there is not, because with the development of space exploration we gradually know the universe, according to the present exploration, there hasn’t been intelligent life on other planets.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家认为其他星球可能存在智慧生命的原因、探测技术的进步以及外星生命与人类联系的可能性。
【解析】66．根据文章第一段“The astronomers (天文学家) Seth and Alex think...”，他们的职业是天文学家。答案是原文直接信息。
67．从文章第二段“The universe is about 12 billion years old.”中，可直接获取宇宙的年龄信息。
68．根据文章第三段“But now, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets...”可知，强大的望远镜使得发现更小的行星成为可能。答案是原文直接信息。
69．根据文章第四段“However, intelligent beings may get in touch with us in other ways, such as using radio signals (无线电信号).”，可从原文直接获取信息。
70．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，若回答No，可结合现实探索现状说明理由；若回答Yes，可引用文章第二段宇宙年龄和大小作为依据。
71．例文
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. It’s much larger than all the other planets put together.
There is one very special thing on Jupiter—the Great Red Spot. It’s a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time. Jupiter has many moons. One of them is called Europa. Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa. Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.
Scientists are very interested in Jupiter and study it all the time. They hope to learn more about Jupiter and the universe. I like Jupiter too. It’s so interesting and there’s so much to learn about it.
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点提示已给出，考生应注意要求中的内容，充实细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出主题，介绍木星的基本特征；
第二步，分述细节，详细描述大红斑和卫星；
第三步，总结收尾，表达对木星的研究价值与喜爱。
[亮点词汇]
①solar system太阳系
②put together组合在一起
③be interested in对……感兴趣
[高分句型]
① It’s much larger than all the other planets put together. (运用了比较级结构)
② Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句，并在从句中嵌套“where..., there...”地点状语结构)
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