资源简介

(共48张PPT)
UNIT1 Science fiction
Reading and Thinking
1.fiction n.小说；虚构的事
He loves science fiction in particular.他特别喜欢科幻小说。
fictional adj.虚构的，编造的
2.guarantee v.保证；担保n.保证;担保;保修单;保用证书;起保证作用的事物;保证金
We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed.
我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
The ticket will guarantee you free entry.
这张票可保证你免费入场。
The watch is still under guarantee .
这只手表仍在保修期内
give a guarantee of good behaviour
保证行为端正
He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
3.adapt v.改编；改写，适应(新情况);
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
adaptation n.改编本;改写本;适应
4.experiment v.做试验；进行实验
experiment on sb/sth 用某人/某物做试验
experiment with进行试验
She picked up the microphone and began to experiment with the switches.她拿起话，开始试拨开关。
Supposing you want to experiment with electricity，what materials would you use？假设你想做关于电的实验，你会用什么材料呢？
Many people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong.许多人觉得利用动物做试验是错误的。
拓展experiment n.实验，试验；尝试
搭配：do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment 做实验
an experiment in sth 某方面的尝试
5.household robot 家用机器人
6.test out检验；测试
Have you already tested out the goods on the shelf？你已经检验过架子上的货物了吗？
I wanted to test out the television set before I bought it.买电视机之前，我要把它检验下
The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.大学生对电脑程序进行测试，看有没有程序错误。
拓展（1）test for sth/test sth for sth 化验；检验；测试鉴定某物
test sth考验，测试……
test the waters 摸清底细
test on在……身上做试验
（2）test n.测验；考查
take/do a test 参加测验
put sb/sth to the test使……受考验；使…… 受检验
stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验
7.be on business出差；因公
I'm here on business 我到这儿来办公事。
I come on business, and have something to say.
我因公事而来，我有话要说。
He's away on business. 他出差去了。
8.persuade v.劝说；说服
persuade sb into /out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事=persuade sb (not) to do sth.
persuasion n.说服;劝说;
persuasive adj.有说服力的，劝说的，劝诱的
9.bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利（注意其复数形式是在词后加-es）。
As an added bonus，it's close to the main train station.作为一个额外的好处，它靠近主火车站。
Being able to walk to work is an added bonus.能够步行去上班是一个额外的好处。
10.alarmed adj.担心；害怕
She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone.
她一想到独自旅行的情景就害怕。
alarm v.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心n.警报;警报器,惊恐;惊慌;恐慌
alarming adj.使人惊恐的;令人惊慌的;引起恐慌的
The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate .
雨林正以惊人的速度消失。
11.more like更像是；更接近
more like...than...更像是……而不是……；更接近……而不是……
What the saleswoman watched last night was more like a science fiction film than a new product launch.这位女售货员昨晚看到的更像是一部科幻电影，而不是一场新产品发布会。
This book seems to be more like a manual than a text.
这本书看上去更像是一本指南而不是一本教科书。
拓展more than的用法
more than+形容词/分词”相当于very
more than+ 名词/数词”相当于 not only
"more+ 形容词+than+形容词”表示肯定前者，否定后者
"more+名词+than+名词”表示“与其说……不如说……
I'm more than happy to help you.我非常乐意帮助。
It is more than a museum；it's a school.
它不仅仅是一座博物馆，还是一所学校。
Hearing the loud noise，the boy was more surprised than frightened.听到这么大的噪声，这个男孩不是害怕，而是惊讶。
归纳no more than=only仅仅；不过（后接数字）；正是（后接名词）
not more than=at most至多（后接数字）
no more...than和 一样不（相当于no加比较级，表示对前后都否定）
not more...than比不上；不及（相当于"not+比较级”，表示对双方加以肯定“但前者不如后者”）
more than a little 非常；很
less than少于
no less than（=as much as）不少于；多达
12.embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的
embarrassing adj.使人害的（或难堪的、惭愧的）
embarrassment n.害羞；难堪；困境
embarrass vt.尴尬;使窘迫;使困惑;使为难;使陷入困境
13.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的；引起恐慌的
disturb v.打扰；妨碍；搅乱
disturbed adj.心神不安的；心烦意乱的
disturbance n.骚乱;障碍;紊乱;动乱;失调
14.ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
It was an absolutely ridiculous decision.
这绝对是一个荒谬的决定。
The deal seems so attractive that it would be ridiculous to say no.
这笔交易看上去太诱人了，要是拒绝简直愚蠢。
近义absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
To her，the question is quite absurd.
对于她米说，这个问题太荒谬了。
It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing.
你建议这事，太可笑了
ridiculously adv.荒谬地；荒唐地
15.sympathy n.同情,赞同，支持
show/have/express/feel sympathy for sb
向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情
I have no sympathy for Jan, it's all her own fault.
我不同情简，那都是她自己的错。
The seamen went on strike in sympathy with the dockers.
海员举行罢工，以表示对码头工人的支持。
sympathize vi.同情;支持
I find it very hard to sympathize with him.
我觉得很难去同情他。
Her family sympathized with her desire to be a lawyer.
她全家都支持她当律师的愿望。
16.integrity n诚实；正直；完整；完好
搭配 behave with integrity 行为表现诚实正直
This symbol stands for strength and integrity.
这个符号象征着力量和诚实正直。
Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.分裂主义运动是对该国完整性的一种威胁。
He was praised for his fairness and integrity.他因其公正和正直而受人赞赏。
17.dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严
beneath your dignity 有失尊严；有失身份；有失体面
with dignity有尊严地
Dignity is the quality which I associate mostly with her.我通常把端庄这种品质与她联系在一起。
It's an affront [ fr nt] to human dignity to keep someone alive like this.让一个人这样活着是对人类尊严的一种侮辱。
拓展dignified adj.庄重的；庄严的；有尊严的
18.elegant adj.雅致的
elegance n.雅致
elegantly adv.优雅地
19.salary n.薪水；薪金
an annual salary年薪
He gets a basic salary plus commission.
他领取一份基本薪金，外加佣金。
The lawyer was paid a huge salary.这位律师被付了一大笔薪水。
20.or rather更确实地，更确切地说=to be more exact
She worked as a secretary, or rather, a personal assistant.
她当了秘书；确切地讲，是私人助理。
21.absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
absurdly adv.荒谬地；荒唐地 同义：ridiculous
22.accompany v.陪同；陪伴,伴随，伴奏
The salesman had been accompanied to the meeting by an assistant.
营销人员在助手的陪同下参加了会议。
He accompanied her to Paris. 他陪伴她去巴黎
Development accompanies competition, while competition promotes development. 发展伴随竞争，竞争促进发展。
He accompanied her on the piano.
他用钢琴为她伴奏
company n.公司;商号;陪伴;做伴
keep sb company做伴；陪伴
I'll keep you company while you're waiting.
你等待时我会陪伴你。
companion n.旅伴；伴侣；陪伴
23.appointment n.预约；约会；委任
搭配 make an appointment with sb 与某人做约定
have an appointment 有约会
keep an appointment 准时赴约
put off/change one's appointment 推迟/改变某人的约定
If you phone for an appointment in advance，it'll save you waiting.如果你提前打电话预约，你就不用等了。
She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4：15，她安排了一个约会，时间是星期五下午4：15
She has an appointment with the science fiction writer to meet at the cafe 她和那个科幻小说作家约好在咖啡馆见面。
拓展（1）appoint vt.委派；任命；指定：约定；确定
搭配：appoint sb to be/as...任命某人为（某职位）
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
appoint time/place for...为…… 安排/确定时间/地点
We appointed him（as/to be）chairman.我们任命他为主席。
I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。
（2）appointed adj.事先约定好的；指定的
She arrived at the appointed time.她在约定时间到达了
24.nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定
on the nail 立刻；马上；毫不拖延
Keep your nails short and your hands clean.保持你的指甲是短的，你的双手是干净的。
I found a nail sticking in the tyre.我发现轮胎上扎着一根钉子。
vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定
Frank put the first plank down and nailed it in place.弗兰克放下第一块木板，并把它钉在合适的位置上。
nail sth down（用钉子）将……钉牢，将……固定
25.saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员
My father is a purchaser at a department store and my mother is a saleswoman at the same store.我父亲是一家大型百货商店的采购员，我母亲是同一家商店的售货员
salesman n.男推销员
26.innocent adj.无辜的；清白的；无罪的
innocence n.无辜
27.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
搭配 feel guilty about...对…… 感到内疚
be guilty of..犯……罪
I feel really guilty about forgetting her birthday.
我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望我的父母而感到内疚。
They were found guilty of murder.他们被判犯有谋杀罪。
He was found guilty of serious misconduct and he was guilty about it.他被判犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到内疚。
guilt n.内疚；悔恨；有罪
反义innocent adj.清白的；无罪的
28.suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
搭配suspend...from..把……悬挂在……上；暂令……停职（停学）
The next day the butcher found that the wolf was suspended on a hook and dead.第二天，屠夫发现狼被挂在钩子上死了。
Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.出事后不久，朱莉就被停职了。
Her body was found suspended by a rope.人们发现她的尸体吊在一根绳子上。
The union suspended the strike this week.工会本周暂停了罢工
拓展suspense n.悬念；焦虑
The wonderful film gave me a good experience because of its suspense.这部精彩的电影因其悬念而给了我很好的体验。
He didn't tell me the truth，which kept me in suspense all day.他没有告诉我真相，这使我整天都处于焦虑之中。
30.ladder n.梯子；阶梯
climb up/fall off a ladder 爬上/跌下梯子
move up or down the social ladder 爬上/跌下社会阶梯
the career ladder 事业上的阶梯
If they want to climb the ladder of success they should be given that opportunity.如果他们想攀登成功的阶梯，他们就应该被给予那个机会。
Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.你要确保梯子稳固了再爬上去。
31.scream v.尖叫n.尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音;
The kids were screaming with excitement.
孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。
She let out a scream of pain.她疼得大叫一声。
32.dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除；不予考虑
搭配 dismiss sb from.从 ……解除/开除……
dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人
dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind消除某人心中的恐惧/疑
He pronounced that we were dismissed.他宣布我们被解雇了。
He was dismissed from his job.他被解雇了。
Papa dismissed the idea with a shake of his head.爸爸摇了摇头打消了这个念头。
拓展dismissal n.解雇；开除；撤职
33.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
搭配 declare for/against（doing）..声明赞成/反对（做）……
declare war on...向…… 宣战
declare sb/sth+adj.宣布某人/某物……
declare sb/sth（to be）...宣布某人/某物为…
declare（that）...宣布/宣称
They declared against building a new bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
Germany declared war on France on 3 August，1914.
德国在 1914年8月3日向法国宣战。
The accused man was declared to be guilty by the court.
法庭宜布被告人有罪。
He declared that he would never steal again.
他表明他再也不偷窃了。
declaration n.公告；宣告；宣布
34.weekly adj.每周的
With food our biggest weekly household expense，Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.食物是我们每周最大的家庭开支，苏珊娜和马特每一周都要和一户不同的家庭待在一起。
n.周刊
Two of the four national daily papers are to become weeklies.
四家全国性的日报中有两家要改为周报。
daily adj.每天的
monthly adj.每月的
yearly adj.每年的
35.whereas conj，然而；但是；尽管
His children are too well bred，whereas those of his sister are naughty.他的孩子们
很有教养，但他姐姐的孩子们却是调皮的。
They want a house，whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一个房子，而我们宁愿住在一套公寓里。
36.whether和if引导宾语从句时的用法
（1）在动词后引导宾语从句，一般既可用whether也可用if。但句中含有or not时，只能用whether，不能用 if.
I don't know if/whether he is coming back.= I don't know whether he is coming back or not.我不知道他是不是要回来。
（2）在强调任意选择时，用whether...or...，此时不能用if。
He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。
注意：whether 和or一起使用还有“不管”之意，引导让步状语从句。
Whether he drives or takes the train，he will be here on time.不管开车来还是乘火车，他都会准时到这儿的。
（3）从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether，不能用if。
It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看天气是否晴朗。
37.it+系动词+ adj.+ that...
句中it作形式主语，后面that引导的从句作真正的主语。常见的用于该句型的形容词有：clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely 等
It is important that you arrive on time.你准时到达是重要的。
It is necessary that we come next Monday.我们下周一来是有必要的。
It is natural that he changed his mind.他改变他的主意是正常的。
拓展：英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：
（1）It is +过去分词（reported，believed，said，announced 等）+ that...
It is reported that the two companies have ready signed a contract.据报道，那两家公司已经签订了一份合同。
（2）It+不及物动词（seem，happen，turn out，appear）+ that...
It turned out that she was a friend of my sister's.她原来是我妹妹的一个朋友。
（3）It is+名词词组（a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour）+ that...
It's a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是遗憾。
38.句型"make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
（1）"make+宾语+形容词（短语）”意为“使…处于某种状态”
The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.因特网使我们的生活变得容易，方便
（2）“make+宾语+名词（短语）”意为“使或让……成为…
We made him our team leader last week.上周我们推选他当我们的队长。
Many pop singers make music their career.很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
（3）“make+宾语+不带 to的不定式”意为“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
My parents often make me do some extra homework.我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。
注意；在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式省略to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。
I was made to finish the work before nine.别人让我9点前完成工作。
（4）"make+宾语+过去分词”意为“使/让…… 被…”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系。
You should make your views known.你应该让别人了解你的观点。
His actions made him universally respected.他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。
I speak slowly to make myself understood.我说得很慢，以便别人都能听懂我的话。
（5）“make+宾语+介词短语”意为“使某人/某物（变得）
He made the computer in good condition again.他把电脑修好了。
拓展：当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即“make+it+宾补+不定式短语/宾语从句”
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们想要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的.
39.现在分词作伴随状语
（1）现在分词（短语）作伴随状语时，通常表示分词（短语）所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时存在。
John sat on the grass，wondering where to go next.约翰坐在草地上，心里盘算着接下来去哪儿。
I waited for my bus at the station，staring at the people around me.我在车站等我的公共汽车，盯着我周围的人。
（2）现在分词（短语）作伴随状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。若非如此，就要在分词（短语）前加上其自身的逻辑主语。
He walked slowly on the quiet street，his pet dog following him.他慢悠悠地走在寂静的街道上，他的宠物狗跟在他身后。
（3）现在分词（短语）作伴随状语时，没有对应的状语从句可以转换，但可以将分词短语转换成一个与原有主谓部分并列的分句。
The two of them walked by the lake，talking and laughing happily all the way（=and they talked and laughed happily all the way）.他们两个在湖边散步，一路上有说有笑。
注意；判断现在分词（短语）是不是伴随状语的方法：首先确定两个动作的发生是否具有同时性；其次确定两个动作是否是从属关系
He lay on the beach，listening to music.他躺在沙滩上，听着音乐。（伴随状语）
Lying on the beach，he saw a seabird.躺在沙滩上时，他看到了一只海乌。（时间状语）
40. 完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型；
（1）地点副词（here，there等）、时间副词（now，then）以及方位副词（away，down，in，off，out，back等）置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be，go，come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down came Santa Claus in a single bound.圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。（正常语序为：Santa Claus came down in a single bound.）
（2）There be（be词可以替换为appear，exist，lie，stand，remain，live 等表示“存在”含义的动词）.
There exists an ancient temple in this town，which attracts many visitors.这个小镇上有座古庙，它吸引着许多游客。
（3）表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be，lie，stand，sit等时，句子要完全倒装。
Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book.
那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。（正常语序为：A beautiful girl who is reading a book stands under that tree.）
（4）表语位于句首。
In the centre of our school lies our library，which is between the garden and the teaching building.我们的图书馆坐落于我们学校的中心，也就是花园和教学楼中间。
注意：当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
In he came and the lesson began.他走进来开始上课。
41.句型 be+being +adj.（书上3页）
句中的was being sensitive 为"be+ being +形容词”结构，强调某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样的。
He is being difficult.他是在故意刁难。
The children are being quiet，I wonder what they're up to.
孩子们这样安静，我想知道他们要捣什么鬼。（暗示平时很吵闹）
拓展“be+being+adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”
42.on a...basis意为“根据……；以…的方式”，其中basis为名词，意为“基准；准则；方式；原因”，常用结构：on the basis of...意为“以…为基础；因为……”
Your salary is on a monthly basis.你的工资是按月结算的。
Safety equipment is checked on a daily basis.安全设施每天都检查。
The group meets on a regular basis，usually weekly or biweekly.这个小组定期会面，通常是每周一次或每两周一次。
辨析basis与base
the basis of friendship友谊的基础
basis 一般用来表示抽象的“基础、基点"the basis of a good marriage一段美满婚姻基础
base 基础、基点、原则”，含义比较广，既可以指抽象的“基础，也可以指具体的“基地”，“根基”
an economic base 经济基础 a naval base海军基地
43.admit
（1）v.（不情愿地）承认
搭配admit sth承认某事
admit doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
admit sb/sth to be...承认某人/某物是
If you're the person who is in the wrong，just admit it！This is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument.如果你是有错误的那一方，就承认它吧！这是避免一场争吵的最简单、最好的方式。
She admitted having broken the bulb.她承认打破了灯泡。
（2）v.准许……进入；容许
搭配admit sb to/into...允许 进入
admit of...容许
You will not be admitted to the theatre after the performance has started.演出开始后你不被允许进入剧场。
（3）v.接收（入学）：准许…加入
The society admits all US citizens over 21.凡21 岁以上的美国公民均可加入该社团。
注意（1）admit表示“允许进入某处”时，常用被动形式。
（2）be admitted as意为“作为……被接受”，as后接表示成员的名词。
拓展admission n.准许进入；承认；入场费
44.calculate
（1）vt.计算；核算
be calculated to do sth 打算/计划做某事
calculate on/upon sth/doing sth 指望/依靠/期待某事物/做某事
It has been calculated that...据估算
The teacher calculated the average salary of the competitors.老师计算出了竞争者的平均薪水。
This ad is calculated to attract the attention of saleswomen.这则广告的目的是吸引女售货员的注意。
We calculate on your cooperation.我们期待你们的协作。
It has been calculated that the world's population will double by the end of 21th century.
据估算，世界人口在21世纪末将要翻一番。
（2）vt.预测；推测
They calculated that hundreds of species could be lost in this area.他们预测，数以百计的物种可能会从这个地区消失。
calculation n.计算;估计;预测;推测;
calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的
45.chairwoman n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
suitable solution has already been put forward by the chairwoman.这位女主席已经提出一个合适的解决办法。
chairman n.（委员会的）委员长，主席；（公司等的）董事长
46.gramme n.克（重量单位）（=NAmE gram）
A football weighs about 400 grammes.一个足球重约400克。
Sorry，but we sell the Beijing roast duck by the gramme.对不起，不过我们是按克出售北京烤鸭的。
47.flour n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
Flour is sold by the kilogram.面粉按千克出售
Add the milk to the flour，and then mix in three eggs.
往面粉里加入牛奶，再拌入三个鸡蛋。
注意flour为不可数名词。
拓展flour v.给……裹上面粉；在……上撒面粉
48.venue n.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）
Because of the accident，we have to book another venue for the meeting.于这起事故，我们不得不预订另一个会议场地。
The International Convention Centre is the venue for a three-day arts festival.该国际会议中心是一个为期三天的艺术节的举办场地。
when it comes to..是固定句型，意为“当提到/谈到某物时…
其中to为介词，后面可接名词、代词、动名词成名词性从句
Katherine was nobody's fool when it came to money.
凯琳谈到钱时一点也不傻
When it comes to getting things done，he is useless.
一涉及做事，他便不中用了。
When it comes to what happened yesterday，we feel proud of that.谈到昨天发生的事，我们就感到自豪。
注意refer to，speak of也有“提及，谈起”的意思，但不用于该句型中。
拓展How come...？（表示不理解）怎么回事？
How come she isn't promoted if she has been working hard？如果她一直努力工作，她怎么会得不到提升？
49.It will not be long before +从句
该句型意为“过不了多久就……”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
It will not be long before they understand each other.他们过不了多久就会互相了解。
拓展（1）It is/was not long before...不久就……
It was not long before I tracked down the lost nail.不久我就找到了那枚遗失的钉子。
（2）It will be + 时间段 +before.“要过…… 才”（before从句要用一般现在时）
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.再过半年你才能从该校毕业。
（3）It was +时间段+before...过了…… 才（怎么样）…
It was five days before he came back.五天后他才回来
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