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(共27张PPT)
新人教版选择性必修三
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
重点词汇精讲 Language Points
1. bitter / b t (r)/ adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
派生词：bitterly adv. 伤心地；愤怒地；极其
【课文原句】
The ship became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica, and the bitter cold began to test everyone.
当我们接近南极洲时，船被困在冰中，严寒开始考验每个人。
【高考链接】
Later I discovered they were poisonous and bitter-tasting.（2026广州一模）
【用法搭配】
bitter cold 严寒
a bitter experience 痛苦的经历
【语境应用】
① The wind blew ______________ (bitter) across the frozen sea.
② 刺骨的寒风迎面扑来，他却仍咬紧牙关向前走。
The bitter wind cut into his face, but he gritted his teeth and pressed on.
bitterly
2. turn down /t n da n/ 拒绝（某人或提议）；调低
近义词：reject vt. 拒绝；decline vt. 婉拒
【课文原句】
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young.
然而，当我申请参加探险时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻。
【语料链接】
Although he lacked experience, he refused to be discouraged when his application was turned down.（单元语境）
【用法搭配】
turn down an offer 拒绝提议
turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
【语境应用】
① His application ______________ (turn) down by the expedition leader last week.
② 尽管遭到拒绝，他仍没有放弃自己的梦想。
Although he was turned down, he refused to abandon his dream.
was turned
3. qualified / kw l fa d/ adj. 符合资格；具备知识或技能的
派生词：qualify vt. 使具备资格；qualification n. 资格
【课文原句】
You are not qualified, and you have no experience.
你不具备资格，而且没有经验。
【高考链接】
I think I’m well qualified for the accountant position here.（2023新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
be qualified for 胜任……
be qualified to do 有资格做……
【语境应用】
① She is fully ______________ (qualify) to lead the rescue team.
② 凭借丰富经验，他完全能够胜任这项艰巨的任务。
With rich experience, he was fully qualified for the demanding task.
qualified
4. enthusiastic / n θju zi st k/ adj. 热情的；热心的
派生词：enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiastically adv. 热情地
【课文原句】
I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship.
我非常渴望和他们一起去，于是偷偷登上了他的船。
【高考链接】
Though wasted received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed as a short-lived experiment.（2025新课标II卷）
【用法搭配】
be enthusiastic about 对……热情
show enthusiasm for 对……表现出热情
【语境应用】
① The students responded _______________ (enthusiastic) to the expedition plan.
② 她热情地挥着手，眼中闪烁着期待的光芒。
She waved enthusiastically, her eyes shining with expectation.
enthusiastically
5. aboard / b d/ adv. & prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
派生词：on board 在船上；登上交通工具
【课文原句】
Shackleton offered me a job aboard the ship.
沙克尔顿给了我一份船上的工作。
【高考链接】
The cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels.（高考专题训练）
【用法搭配】
go aboard 登船
welcome aboard 欢迎乘坐
【语境应用】
① All the passengers went ______________ before the ship left the harbour.
② 他最后一个登上救生艇，回头望着正在下沉的船。
He was the last to climb aboard the lifeboat and looked back at the sinking ship.
aboard
6. assign / sa n/ vt. 分派；布置；分配
派生词：assignment n. 任务；作业
【课文原句】
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men.
他安排我做服务员，现在我为二十八个人供应饭菜。
【高考链接】
University teachers increasingly use technologies, assigning an online talk instead of an article.（2024新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
assign sb to do 指派某人做……
assign a task 分配任务
【语境应用】
① Each crew member ______________ (assign) a specific task yesterday.
② 队长迅速分配任务，大家立即行动起来。
The captain assigned the tasks quickly, and everyone sprang into action.
was assigned
7. envy / envi/ n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌
派生词：envious adj. 羡慕的；enviously adv. 羡慕地
【课文原句】
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
等我回来告诉大家我去过的那些神奇地方时，他们会多么羡慕我啊！
【语料链接】
Her courage and experience made her the envy of many young explorers.（单元语境）
【用法搭配】
envy sb sth 羡慕某人某事
be the envy of 成为……羡慕的对象
【语境应用】
① She looked ______________ (envy) at the medal in her teammate’s hand.
② 他没有嫉妒获胜者，而是真诚地向对方表示祝贺。
Instead of envying the winner, he offered his sincere congratulations.
enviously
8. crush /kr / vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群
派生词：crushing adj. 惨重的；毁灭性的
【课文原句】
The ice froze around us and squeezed the ship until it was crushed.
海冰在我们周围冻结并挤压船体，直到船被压毁。
【语料链接】
The crushing pressure of the ice eventually destroyed the wooden ship.（单元语境）
【用法搭配】
be crushed by 被……压碎
crush one’s hopes 粉碎某人的希望
【语境应用】
① The wooden boat ______________ (crush) by the ice during the storm.
② 坏消息几乎击垮了他，但同伴的鼓励使他重新振作。
The bad news nearly crushed him, but his companions’ encouragement lifted him again.
was crushed
9. sink (sank, sunk) /s k/ vi. 沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉
派生词：sinking adj. 下沉的；沉没中的
【课文原句】
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies.
在弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地召集我们，要求抢救最重要的物资。
【高考链接】
Progress can be slow, and you’ll wonder if it’s all sinking in.（2026新课标II卷）
【用法搭配】
sink into 沉入；陷入
one’s heart sinks 心里一沉
【语境应用】
① By the time help arrived, the damaged boat ______________ (sink).
② 看到小船消失在巨浪中，他的心猛地一沉。
His heart sank as he watched the boat disappear beneath the waves.
had sunk
10. abandon / b nd n/ vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
派生词：abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；abandonment n. 放弃
【课文原句】
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
我们不被允许携带大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有黄金。
【高考链接】
Your friend in a new environment may feel abandoned.（2023新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
abandon hope 放弃希望
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉湎于
【语境应用】
① The explorers refused to ______________ (abandonment) hope despite the storm.
② 即使处境绝望，他们也从未放弃获救的希望。
Even in despair, they never abandoned the hope of being rescued.
abandon
11. decent / di snt/ adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
派生词：decently adv. 得体地；相当地；decency n. 得体
【课文原句】
We have been struggling for days, but at least we now have a decent meal and a warm shelter.
我们已经苦苦支撑了多日，但至少现在有一顿像样的饭和温暖的住所。
【高考链接】
Although I recovered and achieved a decent result, the regret remained.（2026广州二模）
【用法搭配】
a decent meal 像样的一餐
a decent person 正派的人
【语境应用】
① After days at sea, the crew finally enjoyed a ______________ (decency) meal.
② 一碗热汤虽不丰盛，却让疲惫的人们感到无比满足。
The hot soup was simple but decent, bringing comfort to the exhausted men.
decent
12. genuine / d enju n/ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
派生词：genuinely adv. 真诚地；真心地
【课文原句】
Their genuine concern for one another helped the crew survive the long months on the ice.
他们对彼此真诚的关心帮助全体船员熬过了冰上的漫长岁月。
【高考链接】
With genuine warmth in her voice, Rachel said they could take Emily to a nearby café.（2026新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
genuine concern 真切关心
a genuine smile 真诚的微笑
genuinely grateful 由衷感激
【语境应用】
① She was ______________ (genuine) grateful for the crew’s support.
② 他露出真诚的微笑，紧紧握住了救援人员的手。
With a genuine smile, he held the rescuer’s hand tightly.
genuinely
13. persevere / p s v (r)/ vi. 坚持；孜孜以求
perseverance / p s v r ns/ n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
派生词：persistent adj. 坚持不懈的
【课文原句】
Their perseverance and resolve filled me with hope.
他们的毅力和决心使我充满希望。
【高考链接】
It requires patience, perseverance, and a pinch of guile.（2021北京高考专题训练）
【用法搭配】
persevere with 坚持做……
persevere in doing 坚持做……
【语境应用】
① Only through constant ______________ (persevere) can difficult goals be reached.
② 尽管双腿发抖，她仍一步一步坚持向山顶攀登。
Although her legs trembled, she persevered step by step toward the summit.
perseverance
14. resolve /r z lv/ vi. & vt. 决定；解决 n. 决心
resolution / rez lu n/ n. 决议；解决；坚定
派生词：resolute adj. 坚决的；果断的
【课文原句】
Their optimism and resolve encouraged me to continue.
他们的乐观和决心鼓励我继续坚持。
【高考链接】
The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language.（2026上海普陀一模）
【用法搭配】
resolve to do 决定做……
resolve a conflict 解决冲突
【语境应用】
① The team made a firm ______________ (resolve) to continue the journey.
② 她下定决心，无论多么困难都要完成任务。
She resolved to finish the task, no matter how difficult it became.
resolution
15. cruel / kru l/ adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
派生词：cruelly adv. 残酷地；cruelty n. 残酷
【课文原句】
The cruel weather and strong winds made every step a struggle.
恶劣的天气和强风使每一步都异常艰难。
【高考链接】
After centuries of cruel and continuous hunting, only 600 to 800 grizzlies remained.（2023新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
cruel treatment 残酷对待
a cruel blow 沉重打击
cruel reality 残酷现实
【语境应用】
① The animals suffered from human ______________ (cruel).
② 暴风雪无情地抽打着他们的脸庞。
The cruel storm beat against their faces without mercy.
cruelty
16. thorough / θ r / adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
派生词：thoroughly adv. 彻底地；完全地
【课文原句】
Shackleton made a thorough check of our supplies before we set off.
出发前，沙克尔顿彻底检查了我们的物资。
【高考链接】
Instead, clean your workspace thoroughly.（2026新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
a thorough examination 彻底检查
a thorough understanding 深入理解
【语境应用】
① All equipment must be checked ______________ (thorough) before departure.
② 他仔细检查每一根绳索，不放过任何潜在危险。
He made a thorough inspection of every rope, overlooking no possible danger.
thoroughly
17. fortunately / f t n tli/ adv. 幸运地
unfortunately / n f t n tli/ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
派生词：fortune n. 运气；fortunate adj. 幸运的
【课文原句】
Unfortunately, his application was turned down; fortunately, another opportunity soon appeared.
不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了；幸运的是，另一个机会很快出现。
【高考链接】
Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.（2025新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
fortunately for sb 对某人来说幸运的是
unfortunately for sb 对某人来说不幸的是
【语境应用】
① ______________ (fortunate), everyone reached the camp safely before dark.
② 幸运的是，远处终于出现了一束救援的灯光。
Fortunately, a rescue light finally appeared in the distance.
Fortunately
18. guidance / ɡa dns/ n. 指导；引导；导航
派生词：guide vt. 指导 n. 向导
【课文原句】
Under Shackleton’s guidance, the crew remained calm and organised.
在沙克尔顿的指导下，全体船员保持镇定且井然有序。
【高考链接】
The second group exercised under the guidance of a trainer.（2022新高考II卷）
【用法搭配】
under the guidance of 在……指导下
seek guidance 寻求指导
【语境应用】
① The young explorers completed the task under the ______________ (guide) of an experienced captain.
② 在向导的指引下，他们终于找到了返回营地的路。
Under the guide’s guidance, they finally found their way back to camp.
guidance
19. rough /r f/ adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
派生词：roughly adv. 粗略地；大约
【课文原句】
The rough sea tossed the small boat from side to side.
汹涌的大海使小船左右摇摆。
【高考链接】
The western half of the US had a rough number of 50,000 or more grizzlies.（2023新课标I卷）
【用法搭配】
rough seas 汹涌的海面
a rough estimate 粗略估计
roughly speaking 粗略地说
【语境应用】
① The journey lasted ______________ (rough) two weeks.
② 巨浪拍打着船舷，但船员们依旧紧紧站在一起。
The rough waves struck the boat, but the crew still stood firmly together.
roughly
20. loyal / l l/ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
派生词：loyalty n. 忠诚；loyally adv. 忠诚地
【课文原句】
The loyal crew trusted their leader and never left anyone behind.
忠诚的船员信任他们的领队，从不抛下任何人。
【高考链接】
Stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support.（2021北京高考专题训练）
【用法搭配】
be loyal to 对……忠诚
remain loyal 保持忠诚
show loyalty to 表示忠诚
【语境应用】
① Their courage and ______________ (loyal) held the team together.
② 他忠实地守在受伤同伴身边，直到救援到来。
He remained loyal to his injured companion until help arrived.
loyalty
21. give off /ɡ v f/ 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
近义词：emit vt. 发出；release vt. 释放
【课文原句】
The small fire gave off enough heat to keep everyone warm.
小火堆散发出足够的热量，使每个人保持温暖。
【语料链接】
Some materials give off heat slowly and help shelters remain warm.（单元语境）
【用法搭配】
give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
give away 赠送；泄露；give out 分发；耗尽
give in 屈服；让步；give up 放弃
【语境应用】
① The lamp ______________ (give) off a warm light throughout last night.
② 篝火散发着温暖，照亮了每一张疲惫的脸。
The fire gave off warmth and lit up every tired face.
gave
22. commitment /k m tm nt/ n. 承诺；保证；奉献
派生词：commit vt. 承诺；投入
【课文原句】
Their commitment to saving every crew member made the expedition remarkable.
他们拯救每一位船员的坚定承诺使这次探险非同寻常。
【高考链接】
Slow living encourages us to let go of unnecessary commitments and distractions.（2026江苏高考模拟）
【用法搭配】
make a commitment 作出承诺
commitment to 对……的投入
show commitment 表现出奉献精神
【语境应用】
① Her ______________ (commit) to the team never weakened.
② 他郑重承诺，一定会把每一名队员安全带回家。
He made a solemn commitment to bring every member safely home.
commitment
【本单元重点词组】
1. 严寒
bitter cold
2. 拒绝提议
turn down an offer
3. 胜任……
be qualified for
4. 对……充满热情
be enthusiastic about
5. 登船
go aboard
6. 指派某人做……
assign sb to do
7. 成为……羡慕的对象
be the envy of
8. 被……压碎
be crushed by
9. 心里一沉
one’s heart sinks
10. 放弃希望
abandon hope
11. 像样的一餐
a decent meal
12. 真诚的微笑
a genuine smile
13. 坚持做……
persevere in doing
14. 表现坚定决心
show firm resolve
15. 沉重打击
a cruel blow
16. 彻底检查
a thorough examination
17. 对某人来说幸运的是
fortunately for sb
18. 在……指导下
under the guidance of
19. 汹涌的海面
rough seas
20. 对……忠诚
be loyal to
21. 放出热量
give off heat
22. 作出承诺
make a commitment
【真题演练】
In 1914, Ernest Shackleton 1. ____________ (lead) an expedition to cross Antarctica. His ship, Endurance, became trapped in ice, 2. ____________ later crushed it. Before the crew abandoned the ship, Shackleton assigned each man 3. ____________ specific task. They carried only essential supplies and moved 4. ____________ (careful) across the bitter ice without giving up hope.
Since the disaster began, Shackleton 5. ____________ (show) remarkable courage and genuine concern for his men. The crew followed his guidance because they had confidence 6. ____________ his judgement and loyalty. When food became scarce, everyone accepted smaller 7. ____________ (share). Shackleton eventually sailed across rough seas 8. ____________ (seek) help. Fortunately, every member of the expedition 9. ______________ (rescue). Their survival remains a powerful example of perseverance and 10. _______________ (commit).
led
which
a
carefully
has shown
in
shares
to seek
was rescued
commitment
【外刊改编】
改编自 Encyclopaedia Britannica｜Endurance expedition
The Endurance expedition is remembered as 1. ____________ extraordinary story of survival. Shackleton planned to cross Antarctica, but sea ice trapped his ship 2. ____________ the Weddell Sea. For months, the crew waited aboard until pressure from the ice finally 3. ____________ (destroy) the vessel. The men then camped on floating ice, 4. ____________ tested both their endurance and their trust in one another. Shackleton remained calm and made decisions 5. ____________ (calm) for the safety of the whole group.
After the ice broke apart, the crew loaded limited 6. ____________ (quantity) of essential supplies into three small boats. After sailing across one of the world’s roughest seas, Shackleton and five companions arrived at South Georgia 7. ____________ (exhaust) but alive. A rescue team 8. ____________ (bring) the remaining men to safety in August 1916. Not one crew member died, a result 9. ____________ historians often connect with Shackleton’s leadership. His genuine commitment to others continues 10. ____________ (inspire) readers today.
an
in
destroyed
which
calmly
quantities
exhausted
brought
that
to inspire
Thank you

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