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被动语态题型分类及做题方法总结
（上海中考句型转换）
一、题型分类：
基本结构：be+done（以下为不同句型中的被动句式结构） 考点类型 例句
am/is/are + done 一般现在时被动 English is spoken by many people.
was/were + done 一般过去时被动 The bridge was built in 1990.
will be + done 一般将来时被动 A new school will be built next year.
have/has been + done 现在完成时被动 The work has been finished.
am/is/are being + done 现在进行时被动 The house is being painted now.
was/were being + done 过去进行时被动 The car was being repaired then.
can/must/should be + done 含情态动词被动 The trees must be watered every day.
give sb. sth. → sb. be given sth. 双宾语被动 He gave me a book. → I was given a book.
make sb. do → sb. be made to do 使役动词被动 He made us work hard. → We were made to work hard.
see sb. do → sb. be seen to do 感官动词被动 I saw him cross the street. → He was seen to cross it.
take care of → be taken care of 短语动词被动 The old are taken care of by the nurse.
sell/wash/read + 副词 主动表被动 The book sells well. The cloth washes easily.
happen/take place/break out 不及物动词无被动 The accident happened yesterday.（无被动）
It is said that... it 作形式主语被动 It is said that he is a hero.
look after/laugh at/listen to 带介词被动 She is looked after by her daughter.
考频分析：
上海中考句型转换『主动句变被动句』是必考题型。
其中『一般过去时被动』『现在完成时被动』『一般将来时被动』三大时态约占被动语态考题的 50%，是最高频考点；
『双宾语被动』和『使役动词/感官动词被动』（make sb. do → be made to do，see sb. do → be seen to do），是必考易错点；
『主动表被动』和『不及物动词无被动』，是常设陷阱；
『短语动词被动』『it 形式主语被动』也常考。
做题方法总结：
第一步：找主语、宾语，并把宾语变主语。确定主动句的动词宾语（直接宾语或间接宾语），将其变为被动句的主语；宾语为人时也可作主语。
第二步：变谓语动词为被动结构。将主动谓语变为『be + 过去分词(done)』，be 动词的时态与原主动谓语时态保持一致，be 的人称和数与新主语一致。
第三步：原主语用 by 短语引出。将原主语变为 by + 宾格代词（by him/her/them/me 等）；by 短语在不知动作执行者或执行者不重要时可省略。
第四步：检查特殊结构。双宾语优先把『人』作主语；使役动词 make/let/have 和感官动词 see/watch/hear 后的宾补 do 要还原 to（be made to do / be seen to do）；短语动词介词/副词不能丢（look after → be looked after）。
（特别注意：
被动语态的核心是 be + done，be 随时态和主语变化，done 永远不变；
双宾语变被动时『人』作主语更常见，物作主语要加 to/for；
使役动词 make sb. do 变被动必须补 to，即 be made to do，这是最高频易错点；
不及物动词 happen/take place/break out/occur/cost/last 无被动；
主动表被动常见于 sell/wash/wear/read/open + 副词；
短语动词变被动介词不能丢。）
（1）一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + done）
主动句为一般现在时，变被动时谓语改为 am/is/are + 过去分词。be 动词由新主语的人称和数决定；原主语变 by 短语（可省）。
（特别注意：be 动词要与新主语单复数一致——单数用 is，复数用 are；动词过去分词规则变化加 -ed，不规则变化需单独记忆如 speak→spoken, write→written, teach→taught；by 短语中人称代词用宾格 me/him/her/us/them。）
Eg: Many people speak English. → English is spoken by many people.
Eg: We clean the classroom every day. → The classroom is cleaned every day.
Eg: Teachers teach us English. → We are taught English (by teachers).
随堂练习1
1、People speak Chinese in China. ______________________
2、We use this room for meetings. ______________________
3、The students water the flowers every morning. ______________________
4、My mother washes the clothes on Sunday. ______________________
5、They don't allow smoking here. ______________________
6、Does the teacher often praise him ______________________
（2）一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + done）
主动句为一般过去时，变被动时谓语改为 was/were + 过去分词。was 用于单数主语，were 用于复数主语；原主语变 by 短语。
（特别注意：
was/were 的选择取决于新主语——单数用 was，复数用 were；
过去分词必须用过去分词形式而非过去式（如 built 既是过去式也是过去分词，但 go→went→gone 中 gone 才是过去分词）；
疑问句把 was/were 提前，否定句在 was/were 后加 not。）
Eg: They built the bridge in 1990. → The bridge was built in 1990.
Eg: He wrote the letter yesterday. → The letter was written yesterday.
Eg: We invited them to the party. → They were invited to the party.
随堂练习2
1、People built the Great Wall long ago. ______________________
2、She bought a new bike last week. ______________________
3、The workers repaired the road last month. ______________________
4、He didn't finish the work on time. ______________________
5、Did they plant trees on that hill ______________________
6、The teacher asked us a question. ______________________
（3）一般将来时的被动语态（will be + done / be going to be done）
主动句为一般将来时，变被动时谓语改为 will be + 过去分词，或 be going to be + 过去分词。will be 适用于所有主语。
（特别注意：
一般将来时被动结构是 will be + done，不能写成 will + done 或 will being + done；
be going to 变被动为 be going to be + done；
含 shall 的第一人称 shall be + done 较少见。）
Eg: They will build a new school next year. → A new school will be built next year.
Eg: We will finish the work tomorrow. → The work will be finished tomorrow.
Eg: They are going to hold a meeting. → A meeting is going to be held (by them).
随堂练习3
1、They will plant more trees this spring. ______________________
2、We will hold a sports meeting next week. ______________________
3、They are going to build a hospital here. ______________________
4、Will the teacher punish him ______________________
5、We won't forget the lesson. ______________________
6、The city will hold the Olympics in 2028. ______________________
（4）现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been + done）
主动句为现在完成时，变被动时谓语改为 have/has been + 过去分词。have 用于复数主语和 I/you，has 用于第三人称单数。
（特别注意：
现在完成时被动结构是 have/has been + done，必须保留 been，不能写成 have + done；
been 不可省略；这是中考高频考点，常与 just/already/yet 等副词连用。）
Eg: They have finished the work. → The work has been finished (by them).
Eg: We have planted many trees. → Many trees have been planted (by us).
Eg: She has written two books. → Two books have been written （by her）.
随堂练习4
1、They have built three schools in the town. ______________________
2、We have learnt English for five years. ______________________
3、Someone has stolen my bike. ______________________
4、The teacher has corrected the papers. ______________________
5、Have they found the lost boy ______________________
6、We haven't received the letter yet. ______________________
（5）现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/are being + done）
主动句为现在进行时，变被动时谓语改为 am/is/are being + 过去分词。being 不能省略。
（特别注意：
现在进行时被动结构是 am/is/are being + done，being 不可省略；
常与 now, at this moment, look, listen 等标志词连用；
不要漏掉 being 写成 is done。）
Eg: They are painting the house now.→ The house is being painted（by them）now.
Eg: We are building a new bridge. → A new bridge is being built (by us).
Eg: He is repairing the car. → The car is being repaired （by him）.
随堂练习5
1、They are building a new hospital now. ______________________
2、We are discussing the problem. ______________________
3、The workers are pulling down the old house. ______________________
4、Someone is following us. ______________________
5、Are they cleaning the windows ______________________
6、Look! Someone is taking photos of the building. ______________________
（6）含情态动词的被动语态（can/must/should be + done）
主动句含情态动词（can/could/must/should/may/might/need 等），变被动时结构为『情态动词 + be + 过去分词』。情态动词不变，be 用原形。
（特别注意：
情态动词被动结构是 情态动词 + be + done，be 必须用原形，不能写成 can is done；含情态动词的疑问句把情态动词提前，否定句在情态动词后加 not；
must/have to 变被动时 must be done / have to be done。）
Eg: We must water the trees every day. → The trees must be watered every day.
Eg: You can finish the work today. → The work can be finished today.
Eg: We should plant more flowers. → More flowers should be planted (by us).
随堂练习6
1、We must protect the environment. ______________________
2、You can borrow this book. ______________________
3、We should clean the room every day. ______________________
4、Must we hand in the homework today ______________________
5、You needn't do it now. ______________________
6、We shouldn't waste water. ______________________
（7）含双宾语的被动语态（give sb. sth. → sb. be given sth.）
主动句含双宾语（give/tell/show/send/bring/lend/offer/pass sb. sth.），变被动时可把『人』作主语（更常见），也可把『物』作主语（物作主语时要在人前加 to/for）。优先把人作主语。
（特别注意：
双宾语被动优先把『人』作主语——I was given a book；
若把『物』作主语，要在人前加介词——A book was given to me；give/tell/show/send/pass/lend 用 to，buy/make/cook/get 用 for；
以上是中考高频易错点。）
Eg: He gave me a book. → I was given a book (by him).
Eg: She showed us the picture. → We were shown the picture (by her).
Eg: My mother bought me a new bike. → I was bought a new bike by my mother.
随堂练习7
1、The teacher gave us some advice. ______________________
2、He sent me a letter yesterday. ______________________
3、She told us an interesting story. ______________________
4、My father bought me a computer. ______________________
5、They offered him a good job. ______________________
6、The boss paid them the salary. ______________________
（8）使役动词的被动语态（make sb. do → sb. be made to do）
主动句含 make/let/have sb. do sth.（使役动词后接不带 to 的不定式），变被动时必须补上 to，即 sb. be made/let/had to do sth.。make 最常考。
（特别注意：
使役动词 make sb. do 变被动必须补 to，即 be made to do，这是中考最高频易错点之一！
主动句中没有 to，被动句中必须加 to；
let/have 变被动较少见，但规则相同。）
Eg: He made us work hard. → We were made to work hard (by him).
Eg: The boss made them work overtime. → They were made to work overtime by the boss.
Eg: The teacher made him stand outside. → He was made to stand outside by the teacher.
随堂练习8
1、The teacher made him copy the words. ______________________
2、The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day. ______________________
3、His father made him do his homework first. ______________________
4、The heavy rain made us stay at home. ______________________
5、They made the boy clean the room. ______________________
6、The police made the driver stop the car. ______________________
（9）感官动词的被动语态（see sb. do/doing → sb. be seen to do/doing）
主动句含 see/watch/hear/notice sb. do sth.（省 to 不定式）或 sb. doing sth.（现在分词），变被动时：do 要补 to（be seen to do），doing 保持 doing 不变（be seen doing）。
（特别注意：
感官动词 see/watch/hear sb. do 变被动必须补 to（be seen to do）；
但 see sb. doing 变被动 doing 不变（be seen doing）；
do 与 doing 的区别——do 强调动作全过程/已完成，doing 强调动作正在进行；这是中考高频易错点。）
Eg: I saw him cross the street. → He was seen to cross the street.
Eg: We heard her sing a song. → She was heard to sing a song.
Eg: I saw him playing football. → He was seen playing football.
随堂练习9
1、I saw him enter the room. ______________________
2、We heard her sing an English song. ______________________
3、The teacher watched the students do their homework. ______________________
4、I saw him repairing the bike. ______________________
5、Someone heard them quarrel. ______________________
6、We noticed him steal the wallet. ______________________
（10）短语动词的被动语态（take care of → be taken care of）
主动句含短语动词（动词 + 介词/副词，如 take care of, look after, turn down, put off, give up），变被动时短语动词作为整体，介词/副词不能丢。
（特别注意：
短语动词变被动时介词/副词必须保留——例：
take care of → be taken care of（of 不能丢）；
look after → be looked after；（after 不能丢）
turn down → be turned down；（down 不能丢）
put off → be put off；（off 不能丢）
这是中考常设陷阱，容易漏掉介词。）
Eg: They take care of the old people. → The old people are taken care of by them.
Eg: We should put off the meeting. → The meeting should be put off (by us).
Eg: They turned down his request. → His request was turned down (by them).
随堂练习10
1、We must look after the children well. ______________________
2、They have put off the sports meeting. ______________________
3、Someone turned down the radio. ______________________
4、We should give up the bad habit. ______________________
5、They will carry out the plan next month. ______________________
6、People often laugh at the poor boy. ______________________
（11）主动表被动（sell/wash/read + 副词）
某些不及物动词（sell, wash, wear, read, write, open, close, cut, cook, lock, tear）与副词（well, easily, smoothly, quickly）连用时，用主动形式表被动意义，主语通常是物。
（特别注意：
这类句子的主语是物，动词用主动形式但表被动意义——
The book sells well（书好卖）；
The pen writes smoothly（笔好写）；
The door won't open（门打不开）；
不能用 is sold well，is written smoothly，is opened ,这是中考常设陷阱；
判断依据：主语是物 + 动词 + 副词 + 表『好/容易』。）
Eg: The book sells well. → （主动表被动） 不能用 is sold well.
Eg: The cloth washes easily. → （主动表被动） 不能用 is washed easily.
Eg: The door won't open. → （主动表被动） 门打不开。
随堂练习11
1、This kind of cloth _____ (wash) easily.（用适当形式）
2、The novel _____ (sell) well.
3、The pen _____ (write) smoothly.
4、The window _____ (not open). 窗户打不开。
5、The meat _____ (cook) easily.
6、The paper _____ (tear) easily.
（12）不及物动词无被动语态（happen/take place/break out）
某些不及物动词（happen, take place, break out, occur, cost, last, appear, disappear, belong to）没有被动语态，只能用主动形式。即使句意上像是被动，也不能用被动结构。
（特别注意：
不及物动词无被动是中考常设陷阱——
The accident happened yesterday（不能用 was happened）；
Great changes have taken place（不能用 have been taken place）；
The war broke out（不能用 was broken out）；
cost/last 也无被动；
判断依据：这些动词本身就不及物，无宾语自然无被动。）
Eg: The accident happened yesterday. → （无被动） 不能用 was happened.
Eg: Great changes have taken place in China. → （无被动） 不能用 have been taken place.
Eg: The war broke out in 1939. → （无被动） 不能用 was broken out.
随堂练习12
1、The meeting _____ (take place) last Friday.（用适当形式）
2、Something strange _____ (happen) to him yesterday.
3、The fire _____ (break out) at midnight.
4、The book _____ (cost) me 20 yuan.
5、The concert _____ (last) two hours.
6、A new idea _____ (occur) to him.
（13）带介词/固定搭配的被动语态（look after/laugh at/listen to）
主动句中动词带介词（look after, laugh at, listen to, talk about, think of, depend on, send for, call on），变被动时介词必须保留，且介词后的人称代词用宾格。
（特别注意：
带介词的动词变被动，介词不能丢且代词用宾格——
look after her → she is looked after；
laugh at him → he is laughed at；
send for a doctor → a doctor is sent for；
与短语动词被动类似，区别在于这些是动词+介词的固定搭配。）
Eg: They look after the old woman. → The old woman is looked after by them.
Eg: People often laugh at the boy. → The boy is often laughed at by people.
Eg: We should listen to the teacher. → The teacher should be listened to (by us).
随堂练习13
1、They sent for a doctor at once. ______________________
2、People often talk about the film. ______________________
3、We should think of others first. ______________________
4、They depend on their parents. ______________________
5、We will call on the scientist tomorrow. ______________________
6、Students must listen to the teacher carefully. ______________________
（14）it 作形式主语的被动语态（It is said that...）
常用结构：It is said that...（据说），It is reported that...（据报道），It is believed that...（人们相信），It is known that...（众所周知），It is hoped that...（希望）。it 作形式主语，that 从句是真正主语。
（特别注意：
这类结构固定，it is + 过去分词 + that 从句，不能改语序；
常见搭配必须记忆：said(据说)/reported(报道)/believed(相信)/known(众所周知)/hoped(希望)/thought(认为)/expected(期待)；
可与『sb. is said to do』转换——It is said that he is rich = He is said to be rich。）
Eg: People say that he is a hero. → It is said that he is a hero.
Eg: They report that the meeting will be held. → It is reported that the meeting will be held.
Eg: People know that the earth is round. → It is known that the earth is round.
随堂练习14
1、People say that he is a good teacher. ______________________
2、They report that a new hospital will be built. ______________________
3、People believe that he has left the city. ______________________
4、We all know that paper was invented in China. ______________________
5、People hope that the war will end soon. ______________________
6、They think that he is the best student. ______________________
（15）过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态（was/were being done / had been done）
过去进行时被动：was/were being + 过去分词（过去某时刻正在进行）；
过去完成时被动：had been + 过去分词（过去某时间前已完成）。
had been 适用于所有主语，不分单复数。
（特别注意：
过去进行时被动 was/were being done 的 being 不可省略；
过去完成时被动 had been done 的 been 不可省略，had 不分单复数；
过去完成时被动常与 by the end of last... / before... 等时间状语连用。）
Eg: They were building the house then. → The house was being built then.
Eg: They had finished the work by 5 p.m. → The work had been finished by 5 p.m.
Eg: She was writing the letter at that time. → The letter was being written at that time.
随堂练习15
1、They were repairing the road at 8 yesterday. ______________________
2、They had completed the project by last month. ______________________
3、Someone was cleaning the room when I came in. ______________________
4、They had sold out all the books by then. ______________________
5、Were they discussing the problem at that moment ______________________
6、We had learnt 2,000 words by the end of last term. ______________________
答案：
随堂练习1：
1、Chinese is spoken (by people) in China.
2、This room is used (by us) for meetings.
3、The flowers are watered (by the students) every morning.
4、The clothes are washed (by my mother) on Sunday.
5、Smoking isn't allowed here.
6、Is he often praised by the teacher
随堂练习2：
1、The Great Wall was built long ago.
2、A new bike was bought (by her) last week.
3、The road was repaired (by the workers) last month.
4、The work wasn't finished on time.
5、Were trees planted on that hill
6、We were asked a question by the teacher.
随堂练习3：
1、More trees will be planted this spring.
2、A sports meeting will be held next week.
3、A hospital is going to be built here.
4、Will he be punished by the teacher
5、The lesson won't be forgotten.
6、The Olympics will be held in the city in 2028.
随堂练习4：
1、Three schools have been built in the town.
2、English has been learnt (by us) for five years.
3、My bike has been stolen.
4、The papers have been corrected by the teacher.
5、Has the lost boy been found
6、The letter hasn't been received yet.
随堂练习5：
1、A new hospital is being built now.
2、The problem is being discussed (by us).
3、The old house is being pulled down (by the workers).
4、We are being followed (by someone).
5、Are the windows being cleaned
6、Look! Photos of the building are being taken.
随堂练习6：
1、The environment must be protected (by us).
2、This book can be borrowed (by you).
3、The room should be cleaned every day.
4、Must the homework be handed in today
5、It needn't be done now.
6、Water shouldn't be wasted.
随堂练习7：
1、We were given some advice by the teacher.
2、I was sent a letter yesterday (by him).
3、We were told an interesting story (by her).
4、I was bought a computer by my father.
5、He was offered a good job (by them).
6、They were paid the salary by the boss.
随堂练习8：
1、He was made to copy the words by the teacher.
2、The workers were made to work twelve hours a day by the boss.
3、He was made to do his homework first by his father.
4、We were made to stay at home by the heavy rain.
5、The boy was made to clean the room (by them).
6、The driver was made to stop the car by the police.
随堂练习9：
1、He was seen to enter the room (by me).
2、She was heard to sing an English song (by us).
3、The students were watched to do their homework by the teacher.
4、He was seen repairing the bike (by me).
5、They were heard to quarrel (by someone).
6、He was noticed to steal the wallet (by us).
随堂练习10：
1、The children must be looked after well (by us).
2、The sports meeting has been put off (by them).
3、The radio was turned down (by someone).
4、The bad habit should be given up (by us).
5、The plan will be carried out next month (by them).
6、The poor boy is often laughed at (by people).
随堂练习11：
1、washes（主动表被动）
2、sells（主动表被动）
3、writes（主动表被动）
4、won't open（主动表被动）
5、cooks（主动表被动）
6、tears（主动表被动）
随堂练习12：
1、took place（无被动）
2、happened（无被动）
3、broke out（无被动）
4、cost（无被动）
5、lasted（无被动）
6、occurred（无被动）
随堂练习13：
1、A doctor was sent for at once (by them).
2、The film is often talked about (by people).
3、Others should be thought of first (by us).
4、Their parents are depended on (by them).
5、The scientist will be called on tomorrow (by us).
6、The teacher must be listened to carefully by students.
随堂练习14：
1、It is said that he is a good teacher.
2、It is reported that a new hospital will be built.
3、It is believed that he has left the city.
4、It is known that paper was invented in China.
5、It is hoped that the war will end soon.
6、It is thought that he is the best student.
随堂练习15：
1、The road was being repaired at 8 yesterday.
2、The project had been completed by last month.
3、The room was being cleaned when I came in.
4、All the books had been sold out by then.
5、Was the problem being discussed at that moment
6、2,000 words had been learnt by the end of last term.

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