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【素养导学】人教社新版八年级上册同步探究学案
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
第 3 课时 Section A（Grammar Focus 3a—3c）
学习寄语语法不是束缚，而是翅膀。掌握规则的秩序，方能放飞自由的表达。
闭环学习理念本课时为语法归纳与操练课，遵循"观察发现→规则归纳→分层操练→语境运用"的学习路径。通过对比最高级与比较级的核心差异，系统梳理最高级的构成规则，并在描述动植物的真实语境中实现从机械操练到灵活运用的螺旋上升。
四维学习目标
维度 学习目标
语言能力 系统掌握形容词/副词最高级的规则变化与不规则变化；能熟练运用"the + 最高级 + 范围"及"one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"等核心句型描述动植物的突出特征；能区分并准确运用比较级（两者比较）与最高级（三者及以上比较）。
文化意识 通过对比不同动植物的特征，感受大自然的多样性与奇妙。
思维品质 通过观察例句归纳最高级变化规则，培养归纳总结和演绎推理能力；通过比较级与最高级的对比练习提升逻辑思维的准确性。
学习能力 能运用分类、对比等策略系统掌握语法知识；能通过分层练习自我诊断掌握情况。
第一阶 观察发现 Grammar Focus
【考点聚焦】观察最高级在语境中的使用，归纳核心句型与变化规则。
任务一：读句子，找规律
阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，观察加粗部分（最高级形式），完成以下任务。
Grammar Focus 例句： What is the largest animal in the world What is the fastest animal on land Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. The Moss is one of the oldest plants on Earth. It's one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. What is the best way to protect animals
任务：根据以上例句，完成以下填空。
1. 最高级用于表示三者或三者以上中"________"的程度。
2. 最高级前一般要加定冠词"________"。
3. 表示"在……范围内（三者或以上）"时，常用介词"________"或"________"。
4. 表示"最……之一"的句型结构：________________________________________________
5. 形容词最高级的变化规则与比较级有何异同？
→ ____________________________________________________________
任务二：比较级与最高级辨析
判断以下句子使用的是比较级（Comparative）还是最高级（Superlative）。
句子 比较级/最高级 判断依据
The blue whale is larger than the elephant.
The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.
This book is more interesting than that one.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
She runs faster than me.
She runs the fastest in our class.
第二阶 归纳总结 最高级语法规则
【考点聚焦】系统归纳形容词与副词最高级的构成规则、核心句型及用法。
任务一：最高级变化规则归纳
【考点聚焦】考查形容词/副词最高级的规则变化与不规则变化。
变化规则 原形 比较级 最高级 补充示例
一般词尾加 -est tall taller tallest
以不发音e结尾，加 -st late later latest
以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加 -est happy happier happiest
重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末字母加 -est big bigger biggest
多音节及部分双音节词，前加 most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
不规则变化 good/well better best
不规则变化 bad/badly worse worst
不规则变化 many/much more most
不规则变化 little less least
任务二：最高级核心句型归纳
【考点聚焦】考查最高级在不同语境中的句型运用。
句型一：A + be/行为动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围（in/of/among）
1. The blue whale is ______ (large) animal in the world.
2. The cheetah is ______ (fast) runner on land.
3. She is ______ (tall) student in our class.
句型二：A + be/行为动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围
1. Bamboo is one of ______ (popular) subjects in Chinese paintings.
2. The moss is one of ______ (old) plants on Earth.
3. China is one of ______ (large) countries in the world.
句型三：疑问词 + be + the + 最高级 + 名词 + 范围？（询问"最……"）
1. What is ______ (big) animal in the sea
2. Who is ______ (hard-working) student in your class
3. Which is ______ (beautiful) season of the year
任务三：比较级与最高级的转换
【考点聚焦】考查比较级与最高级之间的灵活转换。
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.（改为最高级）
→ Tom ______ ______ ______ student in his class.
China is larger than any country in Asia.（改为最高级）
→ China ______ ______ ______ country in Asia.
This is the most expensive watch in the store.（改为比较级）
→ This watch ______ ______ ______ any other watch in the store.
She is the most hard-working girl in our school.（改为比较级）
→ She ______ ______ ______ any other girl in our school.
第三阶 操练巩固 3a—3c
【考点聚焦】在分层练习中巩固最高级的运用。
任务一：用所给词的正确形式填空 —— 3a
【考点聚焦】考查最高级在具体语境中的形式运用。
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The blue whale is the ________ (large) animal in the world.
2. The cheetah is the ________ (fast) runner on land.
3. Bamboo is one of the ________ (popular) subjects in Chinese paintings.
4. The moss is one of the ________ (old) plants on Earth.
5. China is one of the ________ (big) countries in the world.
6. The Amazon River is one of the ________ (long) rivers in the world.
7. Who is the ________ (tall) student in your class
8. This is the ________ (beautiful) flower I have ever seen.
任务二：选择填空 —— 最高级用法辨析
【考点聚焦】考查最高级的正确形式及用法。
（ ）1. The blue whale is ______ animal in the world.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
（ ）2. Bamboo is one of ______ plants in the world.
A. useful B. more useful C. most useful D. the most useful
（ ）3. Who is ______ student in your class
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
（ ）4. This is ______ book I have ever read.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
（ ）5. The cheetah runs ______ of all the animals.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
任务三：完成对话 —— 3b
【考点聚焦】考查在对话语境中运用最高级进行交流的能力。
根据3b提示，补全对话，然后与同伴练习。
A: What is the ________ (tall) animal on land
B: I think it's the giraffe.
A: And what is the ________ (heavy) animal on land
B: The elephant, I think.
A: What about the ________ (old) animal
B: I'm not sure. Maybe the turtle
A: Yes! And what is the ________ (large) animal in the sea
B: The blue whale, of course.
任务四：综合练习 —— 选择正确的最高级形式
【考点聚焦】考查在句子中正确使用最高级形式的能力。
选择正确的单词完成句子。
1. The Sahara is the __________ (dry / driest) desert in the world.
2. The cheetah is the __________ (fast / fastest) animal on land.
3. The blue whale is __________ (heavy / the heaviest) animal in the sea.
4. The Great Wall is one of the __________ (famous / most famous) places in China.
5. My sister is the __________ (young / youngest) student in our class.
任务五：造句练习 —— 最高级描述动植物
【考点聚焦】考查综合运用最高级进行写作的能力。
用所给提示词写出完整的最高级句子。
1. giraffe / tall / animal / land
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. blue whale / heavy / animal / world
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. cheetah / fast / runner / land
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. bamboo / useful / plant / world
→ ____________________________________________________________
5. Chinese paintings / popular / subjects / bamboo
→ ____________________________________________________________
第四阶 综合运用 语法迁移与写作
【考点聚焦】将最高级知识迁移到真实的写作与口语表达中。
任务一：对比写作 —— 两种最高级句型
用"the + 最高级 + 范围"和"one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"各写3个关于动植物的句子。
句型一：the + 最高级 + 范围1. ________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________
句型二：one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词1. ________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________
任务二：仿写训练 —— 介绍一种神奇的动植物
综合运用最高级句型和本单元所学词汇，写一篇短文介绍一种神奇的动植物（60-80词）。
参考句型：
... is one of the most ... in the world.
It is the ... in ...
It can ...
People use it to ...
My Amazing Plant/Animal
任务三：口语活动 —— 世界之最知识竞答
小组内进行"世界之最"知识竞答，用完整的最高级句子回答问题。
Q: What is the highest mountain in the world
A: ____________________________________________________________
Q: What is the longest river in China
A: ____________________________________________________________
Q: What is the fastest animal in the sea
A: ____________________________________________________________
Q: What is the largest animal on land
A: ____________________________________________________________
Q: What is the most popular sport in China
A: ____________________________________________________________
第五阶 巩固检测 反馈与提升
【考点聚焦】本课时最高级核心知识综合运用。
建议用时：20分钟 满分：40分
一、用所给词的适当形式填空（每小题2分，共10分）
1. The blue whale is the ________ (heavy) animal in the world.
2. Bamboo is one of the ________ (useful) plants.
3. The cheetah is the ________ (fast) runner on land.
4. This is the ________ (beautiful) flower I have ever seen.
5. My sister is the ________ (young) student in our class.
二、单项选择（每小题2分，共10分）
（ ）1. The blue whale is ______ animal in the world.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
（ ）2. Bamboo is one of ______ plants in the world.
A. the most useful B. most useful C. more useful D. useful
（ ）3. Who is ______ student in your class
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
（ ）4. This is ______ book I have ever read.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
（ ）5. She runs ______ of all the girls.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
三、按要求完成句子（每小题2分，共10分）
1. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world.（就画线部分提问）
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.（翻译成中文）
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. The cheetah runs the fastest on land.（改为一般疑问句）
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. My sister is the tallest in our class.（改为比较级）
→ My sister ______ ______ than ______ ______ student in our class.
5. This is the most interesting story I have ever heard.（翻译成中文）
→ ____________________________________________________________
四、短文填空 —— 选词并用适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空（每词限用一次）。
large fast useful popular tall heavy old beautiful interesting good
The natural world is full of amazing plants and animals. The blue whale is the 1. ______ and 2. ______ animal in the world. The cheetah is the 3. ______ runner on land. The giraffe is the 4. ______ animal on land.
Bamboo is one of the most 5. ______ plants in the world. People use it to build houses and make tools. It is also one of the most 6. ______ subjects in Chinese paintings because it is a symbol of goodness.
The moss is one of the 7. ______ plants on Earth. The redwood tree is one of the 8. ______ trees in the world.
I think the most 9. ______ animal is the panda. It is one of the 10. ______ animals I have ever seen. I love nature and I want to protect all these amazing plants and animals.
第六阶 项目复盘 总结与提升
知识盘点
类别 内容
最高级规则变化 ①加-est（tall→tallest） ②加-st（nice→nicest） ③变y为i加-est（happy→happiest） ④双写末字母加-est（big→biggest） ⑤前加most（beautiful→most beautiful）
最高级不规则变化 good/well→best, bad/badly→worst, many/much→most, little→least
核心句型 A + be/行为动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围（in/of/among）
"之一"结构 A + be/行为动词 + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围
比较级vs最高级 比较级：两者比较；最高级：三者及以上比较
常见范围介词 in + 地点/群体，of + 同类事物，among + 群体
自我评价量表
评价内容 能做到 基本能做到 需努力
我能正确写出形容词/副词的最高级形式
我能用"the+最高级+范围"描述突出特征
我能用"one of the+最高级+复数名词"描述
我能区分比较级与最高级的用法
我能在写作中灵活运用最高级句型
错题归因分析表
题号 错误类型 错误原因 正确答案 掌握程度
1
2
3
我的收获与疑问
我的收获：
我的疑问：
参考答案
【第一阶 观察发现】
任务一：读句子，找规律
1. 最
2. the
3. in / of
4. one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
5. 最高级的变化规则与比较级类似，但最高级前需加"the"，且用于三者及以上的比较。
任务二：比较级与最高级辨析
句子 比较级/最高级 判断依据
The blue whale is larger than the elephant. 比较级 两者比较，用than
The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. 最高级 三者及以上，用the + -est
This book is more interesting than that one. 比较级 两者比较，用than
This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 最高级 三者及以上，用the most
She runs faster than me. 比较级 两者比较，用than
She runs the fastest in our class. 最高级 三者及以上，用the + -est
【第二阶 归纳总结】
任务一：最高级变化规则归纳
（补充示例答案）
1. short→shorter→shortest
2. nice→nicer→nicest
3. heavy→heavier→heaviest
4. thin→thinner→thinnest
5. interesting→more interesting→most interesting
任务二：最高级核心句型归纳
句型一：1. the largest 2. the fastest 3. the tallest
句型二：1. the most popular 2. the oldest 3. the largest
句型三：1. the biggest 2. the most hard-working 3. the most beautiful
任务三：比较级与最高级的转换
1. is the tallest
2. is the largest
3. is more expensive than
4. works harder than
【第三阶 操练巩固】
任务一：用所给词的正确形式填空 —— 3a
1. largest 2. fastest 3. most popular 4. oldest 5. biggest 6. longest 7. tallest 8. most beautiful
任务二：选择填空 —— 最高级用法辨析
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. D
任务三：完成对话 —— 3b
tallest, heaviest, oldest, largest
任务四：综合练习 —— 选择正确的最高级形式
1. driest 2. fastest 3. the heaviest 4. most famous 5. youngest
任务五：造句练习 —— 最高级描述动植物
1. The giraffe is the tallest animal on land.
2. The blue whale is the heaviest animal in the world.
3. The cheetah is the fastest runner on land.
4. Bamboo is one of the most useful plants in the world.
5. Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.
【第四阶 综合运用】
任务一：对比写作（示例）
句型一：
The blue whale is the heaviest animal in the world.
The cheetah is the fastest runner on land.
The giraffe is the tallest animal on land.
句型二：
Bamboo is one of the most useful plants in the world.
The moss is one of the oldest plants on Earth.
The redwood tree is one of the tallest trees in the world.
任务二（参考范文）和任务三由学生根据实际情况完成。
【第五阶 巩固检测】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. heaviest 2. most useful 3. fastest 4. most beautiful 5. youngest
二、单项选择
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. D
三、按要求完成句子
1. What is the largest animal in the world
2. 竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的题材之一。
3. Does the cheetah run the fastest on land
4. My sister is taller than any other student in our class.
5. 这是我听过的最有趣的故事。
四、短文填空
1. largest 2. heaviest 3. fastest 4. tallest 5. useful
6. popular 7. oldest 8. tallest 9. interesting 10. most beautiful
第六阶 项目复盘】
（由学生根据个人实际情况填写，无标准答案。）
【写作参考范文】—— 介绍一种神奇的动物
My Amazing Animal — The CheetahMy favorite amazing animal is the cheetah. It is one of the most amazing animals in the world.The cheetah is the fastest runner on land. It can run up to 120 kilometers per hour! It is much faster than any other animal. The cheetah is also one of the most beautiful animals. It has spots on its body and a long tail.The cheetah is also one of the most special animals because it cannot climb trees like other big cats. I think the cheetah is one of the most interesting animals in the world. We should protect it so that it can live freely in the wild.
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