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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心素养培优卷外研版（新教材）
Unit 4 Heroes
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
Everyone has a hero in their 1 . A hero is someone we 2 and want to be like. My hero is my 3 teacher, Mr Chen. He is not a famous person, but he is a hero to 4 of his students.
Mr Chen has been an English teacher for 5 30 years. He works in a small village school 6 there are very few resources. Despite this, he 7 hard to provide the best education for his students. He often 8 his own money to buy books and 9 supplies for the children who cannot afford them.
What I admire most about Mr Chen is his 10 . He never gives up on any student. He 11 believes that every child can succeed with the right 12 . Many of his former students have gone on to 13 good universities and successful careers.
Mr Chen is a hero because he 14 a difference in the lives of so many children. He 15 me that a hero is not measured by fame, but by the impact they have on others.
1．A．life B．school C．home D．city
2．A．hate B．admire C．fear D．doubt
3．A．history B．maths C．Chinese D．English
4．A．few B．some C．none D．hundreds
5．A．more B．less C．over D．under
6．A．where B．when C．why D．how
7．A．works B．plays C．sleeps D．eats
8．A．borrows B．uses C．lends D．saves
9．A．school B．home C．food D．office
10．A．strength B．weakness C．beauty D．laziness
11．A．never B．hardly C．always D．seldom
12．A．money B．support C．luck D．timing
13．A．build B．enter C．leave D．forget
14．A．has B．sees C．takes D．makes
15．A．taught B．told C．asked D．warned
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
History is the most precious treasure of human beings. Every passing year leaves valuable cultural remains for later generations. Ancient palaces, old statues and traditional silk art all record the life and wisdom of ancient kingdoms.
Archaeologists devote themselves to historical research. They dig into ancient sites, study old objects and write detailed research materials. They help modern people walk through time and understand the stories behind historical relics. Although some historical mysteries cannot be solved yet, researchers never stop exploring.
Throughout history, heroes have always appeared in difficult times. These fearless and selfless people protect people, stick to justice and fight for peace. They are ordinary people, but they make extraordinary choices. Their loyal and heroic spirits are unchanging with time.
Modern teenagers should learn from history and heroes. History teaches us to cherish today’s peaceful life. Heroes teach us to be brave, responsible and kind. No matter how time changes, the value of history and heroic spirits will always guide us to grow.
16．What can ancient cultural remains tell us
A．The future development of society.
B．The life and wisdom of ancient people.
C．The way of being a researcher.
D．The process of building modern cities.
17．What do archaeologists do in their work
A．Create new historical stories.
B．Dig ancient sites and study old objects.
C．Sell valuable ancient relics.
D．Make cartoon videos for history.
18．Which words can best describe historical heroes
A．selfish and lazy B．fearless and selfless
C．wealthy and casual D．gentle and noisy
19．What can teenagers learn from history and heroes
A．To never take responsibilities.
B．To be brave, kind and responsible.
C．To ignore traditional culture.
D．To fear all difficulties in life.
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．History and Heroic Spirits Guide Our Growth
B．How to Become a Good Researcher
C．The Changing of Modern Society
D．The Mystery of Ancient Tombs
B
Many people might, when they see something beautiful, simply say it is beautiful. But Ma Baoli, a pilot from China Southern Airlines, who has won the title of “poetic captain” (诗意机长), recites (背诵) ancient Chinese poems instead.
While flying over the Yellow River, he thinks of this poem: “Don’t you see the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky, rushes into the sea and never comes back ” About the Yangtze River, he recites: “Wave after wave, the Yangtze River rushes east, sweeping away all outstanding heroes through the ages.”
Ma likes reading poems in his spare time. During the flights, he sometimes shares poems with passengers about the places they are flying over after broadcasting (播送) basic flight information. The perfect mix of poems and flying is deeply loved by the Chinese people and has won him many fans on Sina Weibo. “People like poems very much, and many Chinese people have a special feeling for them,” said Ma.
His father used to paint on the white walls of their house and write poems to go with the paintings. As a child, he enjoyed watching his father do these things and listening to him recite poems. It planted a love for ancient poems in his heart at an early age.
No wonder his love for poems has now become a family tradition. Like the father, Ma’s daughters, aged 6 and 9, are also interested in Chinese poems and traditional Chinese culture.
21．Why is Ma Baoli called the “poetic captain”
A．Because he likes writing poems.
B．Because he broadcasts poems every day.
C．Because he likes sharing Chinese poems during the flights.
D．Because he often teaches his daughters ancient Chinese poems.
22．Who influenced Ma and made him fall in love with poems in his early age
A．His fans. B．His father. C．His passengers. D．His daughters.
23．Which of the following is the right poem that Ma recites while flying over the Yangtze River
A． B． C． D．
24．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _________.
A．poems B．places C．flights D．paintings
25．What can be the best title for the text
A．Poetic Broadcast. B．A Wonderful Flight.
C．Famous Poems in China. D．When Flights Meet Poems.
C
Not many girls grow up to become rocket engineers, and even fewer go to space. But Wang Haoze has achieved both.
As a student, she studied very hard. In 2008, she entered Southeast University, one of China’s top universities. There, she took part in new research programs. They were exciting but also very difficult.
Once, Wang complained (抱怨) about the challenges. Her supervisor, Gu Fan, told her, “Always do your best, even when it’s hard. Make hard work a habit. If you don’t, you may not know how to try your best when you finally find what you love.”
Wang remembered these words well. After leaving school, she discovered her true interest: space science. She became a rocket engine designer. She enjoyed solving problems and soon designed an excellent new product.
In May 2018, China began training new astronauts. Wang caught the chance and signed up right away. Because of her strong body and mind, she was chosen. The training was full of challenges, but she never gave up.
On October 30, 2024, Wang flew into space on the Shenzhou-19 spaceship. She faced many challenges at the Tiangong space station, but she tried her best.
26．When did Wang Haoze get into Southeast University
A．In 2008. B．In 2018. C．In 2024. D．In 2025.
27．Why did Wang Haoze’s supervisor give her advice
A．Because she was not a top student in the university.
B．Because she complained about the challenges in research.
C．Because she wanted to give up her research programs.
D．Because she was tired of her life.
28．What does the underlined word “supervisor” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Friend. B．Student. C．Teacher. D．Family.
29．What does the underlined word “the chance” refer to
A．Training new astronauts. B．Designing a new product.
C．Flying into space. D．Working in space.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．It introduces how Southeast University trains top rocket engineers.
B．It tells the story of Wang Haoze from a student to an astronaut.
C．It explains the challenges of being an astronaut in China.
D．It records the changes of Wang Haoze’s dreams.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余）
Have you ever heard of Huang Xuhua, the main designer of China’s first nuclear submarines (核潜艇) 31 Because of his great achievements, he was given the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章), China’s highest honor in 2019.
Huang Xuhua graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. 32 At that time, his team didn’t have computers or technology. They couldn’t get any help from other experts or countries, either. 33 They had to search information from magazines and newspapers. After studying the information carefully, they came up with their own plans. 34 After years of hard work, they built China’s first nuclear submarine successfully in 1970.
Huang Xuhua kept researching in his whole life. Even in his 90s, he offered suggestions to young researchers on solving technical problems. The spirit is really worth learning. 35 Our nation has lost a great scientist. We will remember him forever.
A．He passed away on February 6th, 2025.
B．It was rather difficult and challenging.
C．He is good at math.
D．After graduation, he began to research shipbuilding.
E．He is known as “the father of China’s nuclear submarines”.
F．They asked the government for help and went abroad.
G．Based on the plans, they made efforts to do experiments (实验) with simple tools
词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．She spoke ________ (gentle) to the frightened children.
37．I ________ (realise) how important peace is.
38．The teacher ________ (recommend) this book about heroes.
39．The whole nation was ________ (shock) by the hero’s death.
40．We feel greatly ________ (amaze) at the achievements of ancient working people.
41．The meeting time is ________ (固定的) and cannot be changed.
42．There are ________ (无数的) stars in the sky on a clear night.
43．They follow ________ (社会主义的) principles in their economic planning.
44．She has a very ________ (温和的) voice.
45．It is a great ________ (挑战) for him to finish the hard work.
完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．她没有放弃自己的生命，而是为胜利而战。
She didn’t ________ ________ her life, but fought for victory.
47．你同意她关于“平凡人也能成为英雄”的观点吗？
Do you ________________ her idea that ordinary people can also be heroes
48．我奶奶特别喜欢黄梅戏，几乎一场不落。
My grandma likes Huangmei Opera ________________ and hardly misses any show.
49．他把这位医生描述为“黑暗中的一束光”。
He ________________ the doctor ________________ “a beam of light in the dark”.
50．因为历史悠久，古城歙县吸引了大量游客。
________________ its long history, the ancient town Shexian attracts lots of visitors.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。
develop; advice; though; China; true; one; far; fall; great; win
Yang Zhenning, one of the 51 physicists of the 20th century, passed away in Beijing on October 18 because of illness. He was 103 years old.
He was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, in 1922. He grew up in a scholarly family and 52 in love with science under the influence of his parents during his early years. As a young man, he studied hard at Southwest Associated University. And later he went to the US for 53 education. In 1957, Yang and his partner Li Zhengdao made history by 54 the Nobel Prize in Physics. This made him very famous around the world.
55 he lived abroad for many years, he never forgot his motherland. In 1971, he became the 56 Chinese scholar(学者) to visit New China. He helped build connections between 57 and American scientists and raised money to help Chinese scholars to study abroad. He also 58 the Chinese government on paying more attention to basic (基础的) science research. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to work at Tsinghua University, put his heart into the 59 of physics and made a big difference in the field of science in China.
We will never forget this great man. Yang’s life was full of scientific curiosity and deep love for his country. His famous motto, “Be honest rather than clever.” has encouraged people to pursue (追求) 60 in science and life for a long time.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei is a true hero in the hearts of many Chinese people. She is a teacher 61 (devote) her life to education in the mountainous areas of Yunnan Province.
Zhang was born in 1957. She 62 (lose) her parents at a young age and had a difficult childhood. However, these experiences didn’t stop her from 63 (help) others. In 2008, she founded the first free high school for girls 64 is located in Huaping County. Since then, she has helped over 2,000 girls from poor families 65 (realise) their dreams of going to college.
Every morning, Zhang wakes up at 5 a.m. and uses a loudspeaker 66 (wake) the students up. She walks through the school with a flashlight, checking every classroom. Her health is not good, and she suffers from more than 20 67 (illness). But she never thinks about 68 (she). “I am not just a headmaster. I am a mother to these children,” she says.
The girls 69 she has helped now work in different fields across the country. They are all grateful to “Mother Zhang”. Her story shows us that a true hero is someone 70 never gives up and always thinks of others first.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Lin Qiaozhi was a famous doctor who is known as the “Mother of Ten Thousand Babies”. She was born in 1901 in Xiamen, Fujian Province. From a young age, she was determined to become a doctor.
In 1921, Lin entered Peking Union Medical College. She graduated at the top of her class and won a gold medal. After that, she went to study in the United States and Europe. Many foreign hospitals wanted to hire her, but she chose to return to China.
Lin spent her whole life caring for women and children. She delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. Even when she was very ill, she continued working. On the day before she died in 1983, she completed six operations.
Lin never married or had children of her own, but she called all the babies she delivered “my children”. She left all her savings to a kindergarten and a hospital. Her dedication to medicine and her love for patients have made her a true hero in the hearts of Chinese people.
71．When and where was Lin Qiaozhi born (不超过10个词)
72．Why did Lin Qiaozhi return to China after studying abroad (不超过10个词)
73．How many babies did Lin Qiaozhi deliver in her lifetime (不超过5个词)
74．What did Lin Qiaozhi do with her savings (不超过10个词)
75．What do you think of Lin Qiaozhi Give your reason. (不超过15个词)
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是李辉，你校英文报正在开展以“My Role Model of Our Time”为题的征文活动，请你根据以下思维导图的提示，用英文写一篇短文，介绍一位你敬佩的当代杰出人物并分享你的体会。
Who is the role model
What does/did he/she do for our country
What can we learn from him/her
要求：1. 短文应包含思维导图中的全部信息，可适当拓展；
2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范；
3. 词数：80~100。
My Role Model of Our Time
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文讲述作者心中的英雄是陈老师。他在资源匮乏的乡村学校辛勤工作，资助学生，永不放弃，改变了学生命运。
【解析】1．句意：每个人生活中都有一个英雄。
in their life固定表达，意为“在他们的生命中”；只有life“生命”符合语境。
2．句意：英雄是我们钦佩并想成为的人。
根据“want to be like”可知是正面情感，应是“钦佩”admire。其他选项均为负面或中性。
3．句意：我的英雄是我的英语老师。
根据下文“Mr Chen has been an English teacher”可知，此处是English“英语”老师。
4．句意：他不是名人，但对他的一些学生而言，他就是英雄。
some of his students意为“他的一些学生”；few“几乎没有”，none“没有一个”，hundreds要搭配of，some表示“一些”符合句意。
5．句意：陈老师已经当了三十多年英语教师。
over直接加数字表示“超过”，more需加than才能接数字。其他选项语意不符。
6．句意：他在一所乡村学校工作，那里物资十分匮乏。
先行词“school”表地点，从句缺地点状语，用where在从句中作地点状语。
7．句意：尽管条件艰苦，他依旧努力工作，为学生提供最好的教育。
work hard是固定搭配，意为“努力工作”。works“工作”符合语境，其他选项与提供教育无关。
8．句意：他常用自己的钱为买不起学习用品的孩子购买书籍和学习用品。
uses one’s own money意为“使用某人自己的钱”；uses“使用”最贴合句意。
9．句意：他常用自己的钱为买不起学习用品的孩子购买书籍和学习用品。
school supplies意为“学习用品”，符合学生需求。school“学校”符合语境，其他选项与“books”并列不当。
10．句意：我最敬佩陈老师的是他的品质力量。
后文写他不放弃任何学生，是他身上可贵的力量；strength“力量”符合语境。weakness和laziness为负面，beauty通常指外表。
11．句意：他始终相信，只要得到恰当的支持，每个孩子都能成功。
根据“never gives up”可知他是坚持的，故总是相信，always“总是，始终”符合句意。其他选项表否定或频率低。
12．句意：他始终相信，只要得到恰当的支持，每个孩子都能成功。
老师给学生提供的是支持，right support意为“恰当的支持”，support“支持”符合句意。
13．句意：他很多往届学生考上好大学，拥有成功的事业。
enter universities是固定搭配，意为“考入大学”。enter“进入”符合用法，其他选项与大学搭配不当。
14．句意：陈老师是英雄，因为他给许许多多孩子的人生产生影响。
make a difference是固定短语，意为“产生影响/起作用”。makes“产生”符合用法。
15．句意：他教会我，衡量一个英雄的标准不是名望，而是他对他人造成的影响。
老师通过行动教会道理，taught表示“教会”符合身份和语境。told较平淡，asked和warned语意不符。
16．B 17．B 18．B 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了历史文化遗产的价值、考古学家的工作、英雄人物的精神以及历史和英雄精神对青少年成长的指导意义。
【解析】16．根据第一段“Ancient palaces, old statues and traditional silk art all record the life and wisdom of ancient kingdoms.”可知，古代文化遗迹记录了古代人的生活和智慧。
17．根据第二段“They dig into ancient sites, study old objects and write detailed research materials.”可知，考古学家挖掘古代遗址并研究古老物体。
18．根据第三段“These fearless and selfless people protect people, stick to justice and fight for peace.”可知，无畏和无私最能形容历史英雄。
19．根据第四段“Heroes teach us to be brave, responsible and kind.”可知，青少年可以从英雄身上学到勇敢、负责和善良。
20．通读全文，尤其是最后一段“No matter how time changes, the value of history and heroic spirits will always guide us to grow.”可知，文章主要讲述了历史和英雄精神指引我们成长。
21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国南方航空公司的飞行员马保利因在飞行中背诵和分享古诗词而被称为“诗意机长”，并介绍了他对诗词的热爱如何源于父亲的影响，以及这种热爱如何成为家族传统。
【解析】21．第一段末尾的句子“recites ancient Chinese poems instead”及第三段中的句子“he sometimes shares poems with passengers about the places they are flying over”表明，他被称为“诗意机长”是因为他在飞行中分享古诗词。
22．第四段中的句子“His father used to paint... and write poems... As a child, he enjoyed watching his father do these things and listening to him recite poems. It planted a love for ancient poems in his heart at an early age.”表明，是父亲在他幼年时影响了他，让他爱上诗词。
23．第二段中的句子“About the Yangtze River, he recites: ‘Wave after wave, the Yangtze River rushes east, sweeping away all outstanding heroes through the ages.’”表明，他在飞越长江时背诵的是这首诗，对应选项中的图片C的内容。
24．第三段“People like poems very much, and many Chinese people have a special feeling for them.”表明，them指代前一句中的poems“诗词”。places“地点”、flights“航班”、paintings“画作”均不符合上下文指代关系。
25．全文围绕马保利将“飞行”与“诗词”结合的故事展开，标题When Flights Meet Poems“当飞行遇上诗词”既概括了主题，又生动形象。
26．A 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B
【导语】本文讲述了王浩泽从学生时代到成为火箭发动机设计师并飞往太空的奋斗历程。
【解析】26．根据第二段“In 2008, she entered Southeast University, one of China’s top universities.”可知，王浩泽在2008年进入东南大学。
27．根据第三段“Once, Wang complained about the challenges.”可知，王浩泽的导师给她建议，是因为她抱怨研究中的挑战。
28．根据第三段“Her supervisor, Gu Fan, told her...”并结合常识可知，在大学里，给学生研究指导并提出建议的通常是老师或导师，所以划线词与“Teacher”同义。
29．根据第五段“In May 2018, China began training new astronauts.”可知，“the chance”指“培训新航天员”的机会，即“Training new astronauts”。
30．根据文章内容可知，文章从王浩泽的学生时代讲起，介绍她成为火箭发动机设计师，再到成为宇航员进入太空的经历，所以本文的主旨是讲述王浩泽从学生到宇航员的故事。
31．E 32．D 33．B 34．G 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华院士的生平，重点讲述了他及其团队在艰苦条件下自主研发中国第一艘核潜艇的艰难历程，颂扬了他终身奉献科研、提携后辈的伟大精神，并表达了对他的深切缅怀。
31．空格前提出了一个问题“Have you ever heard of Huang Xuhua, the main designer of China’s first nuclear submarines ”，空格后说明他因巨大成就获得了共和国勋章；因此，这里需要的是一个能够直接介绍他身份和地位的句子；选项E“他被称为‘中国核潜艇之父’。”完美地承接了问题，并引出了他的成就。故选E。
32．根据上文“Huang Xuhua graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949.”和下文“At that time, his team didn’t have computers or technology.”可知，他于1949年从上海交通大学毕业，而下文则描述了他当时团队面临的困难；因此，这里需要一个承上启下的句子，说明他毕业后从事的领域；选项D“毕业后，他开始研究造船。”正好衔接了毕业和后续的核潜艇研究工作。故选D。
33．根据上文“At that time, his team didn’t have computers or technology. They couldn’t get any help from other experts or countries, either.”和下文“They had to search information from magazines and newspapers.”可知，上文详细描述了团队面临的困境：没有计算机、技术，也得不到外部帮助；而下文具体说明了他们如何克服困难 (报刊杂志搜寻信息)；因此，这里最适合的是一句对前面描述情况的总结；选项B“这是相当困难和具有挑战性的。”概括了当时的状况，是理想的过渡句。故选B。
34．根据上文“After studying the information carefully, they came up with their own plans.”和下文“After years of hard work, they built China’s first nuclear submarine successfully in 1970.”可知，上文提到他们研究信息后，提出了自己的方案，而下文说经过多年努力，他们在1970年成功建造了核潜艇；因此，这里需要描述在“提出方案”和“最终成功”之间他们做了什么；选项G“基于这些方案，他们努力用简单的工具进行实验。”正好填补了这个过程，说明了他们如何将理论计划付诸实践。故选G。
35．根据上文“The spirit is really worth learning.”和下文“Our nation has lost a great scientist. We will remember him forever.”可知，上文在赞扬他的精神值得学习，而下文写道“我们的国家失去了一位伟大的科学家。我们将永远怀念他”，这表明话题转向了悼念。因此，这里需要一个引出悼念的句子；选项A“他于2025年2月6日逝世。”是唯一符合此语境并直接导致后文哀悼的选项。故选A。
36．gently
【解析】句意：她温柔地对受惊的孩子们说话。空前“spoke”为动词，需用副词修饰，表示“说话”的方式。“gentle”为形容词，其副词形式为gently。
37．realise
【解析】句意：我意识到和平有多么重要。结合“how important peace is”可知，此处描述一般事实，时态应为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词需用动词原形realise。
38．recommended
【解析】句意：老师推荐了这本关于英雄的书。结合句意可知，老师在过去某时推荐了这本书，句中描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。recommend的过去式为recommended，故填recommended。
39．shocked
【解析】句意：整个国家都为这位英雄的去世感到震惊。句子主语是The whole nation（全国人民），表达人“感到震惊”的状态，要把给出的动词shock变为形容词shocked，构成固定搭配be shocked by，表示“被……震惊”。
40．amazed
【解析】句意：我们对古代劳动人民取得的成就感到非常惊讶。feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，主语是人，要用 ed结尾形容词amazed，表示“（人）感到惊奇的”。
41．fixed
【解析】句意：会议时间是固定的，不能被更改。本句为主系表结构，be动词is后面需要接形容词作表语，中文提示“固定的”对应的英文形容词为fixed。
42．countless
【解析】句意：在晴朗的夜晚，天空中有无数的星星。根据汉语提示可知，“无数的”用形容词countless，修饰名词stars。故填countless。
43．socialist
【解析】句意：他们在经济规划中遵循社会主义原则。空格后名词principles，此处用来修饰名词作定语，应填入形容词。根据汉语提示可知socialist表示“社会主义的”，为形容词，修饰后面名词，故填socialist。
44．gentle
【解析】句意：她有着十分温和的嗓音。空格后为名词voice，需要形容词修饰名词，中文提示“温和的”对应的英文形容词为gentle。
45．challenge
【解析】句意：完成这份艰巨的工作对他来说是一项巨大的挑战。填空处作表语，“挑战”对应英文名词是challenge，在句中被不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式即可。
46．give up
【解析】前两空：原句中“放弃”是关键词，表示“放弃”的动词短语是give up，didn’t后面接动词原形，在句中作谓语。
47．agree with
【解析】原句中“同意”是关键词，表示“同意（某人的观点）”的短语是agree with。本句为一般现在时，助动词do后接动词原形。故填agree with。
48．very much
【解析】原句中“特别”是关键词，表达“特别”的短语是very much，在句中作状语，修饰动词likes，表达喜爱的程度。故填very much。
49．described as
【解析】原句中“他把这位医生描述为”是关键词，表示“把……描述为”的短语是describe...as...。句中“描述”这一动作发生在过去（依据语境或“黑暗中的一束光”这一已完成的评价），故用一般过去时，谓语动词变为described。因此填described；as。
50．Because of
【解析】原句中“因为”是关键词，表示“因为”的短语是Because of，后接名词短语。
51．greatest 52．fell 53．further 54．winning 55．Though 56．first 57．Chinese 58．advised 59．development 60．truth
【导语】本文缅怀了物理学家杨振宁先生，介绍了他求学获奖的科研经历、心系祖国助力中外学术交流与国内基础科学发展的爱国举动，并赞扬其求真务实的治学精神。
【解析】51．句意：20世纪最伟大的物理学家之一杨振宁于10月18日在北京因病去世。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，因此空处需填形容词最高级修饰名词physicists。根据“Yang Zhenning, one of the…physicists”及常识和备选词可知，此处指最伟大的物理学家。形容词great的最高级greatest意为“最伟大的”，符合语境。
52．句意：他成长于一个学术世家，在早年受到父母的影响，逐渐爱上了科学。fall in love with意为“爱上……”。文章描述过去发生的事情，此处应用fall的过去式fell。
53．句意：后来他前往美国继续深造。根据“he studied hard at Southwest Associated University”及“went to the US for…education”可知，此处指进一步学习，暗示比之前的学习更进一步，需填形容词比较级修饰名词education。far的比较级further意为“进一步的”，符合语境。
54．句意：1957年，杨振宁与他的搭档李政道凭借赢得诺贝尔物理学奖创造了历史。根据“made history by…the Nobel Prize in Physics”可知，此处指凭借赢得诺贝尔物理学奖创造了历史。win意为“赢得”，符合语境。空前by为介词，此处需填win的动名词形式winning。
55．句意：尽管他多年生活在国外，却从未忘记自己的祖国。“he lived abroad for many years”与“he never forgot his motherland”为让步关系，需填though引导让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。
56．句意：1971年，他成为首位访问新中国的中国学者。根据“In 1971, he became the…Chinese scholar(学者) to visit New China.”及备选词可知，此处指首位访问新中国的中国学者，表示顺序，应用序数词。one对应的序数词first意为“第一”，符合语境。
57．句意：他帮助建立了中国与美国科学家之间的联系，并为支持中国学者赴海外留学筹集资金。空处与“American”并列作定语修饰名词scientists，需填形容词。结合“raised money to help Chinese scholars”可知，此处指中国科学家。China对应的形容词Chinese意为“中国的”，符合语境。
58．句意：他还建议中国政府更加重视基础科学研究。空处需填动词作谓语。根据“the Chinese government on paying more attention to basic (基础的) science research”及备选词可知，此处指建议。advice对应的动词advise意为“建议”，符合语境。文章描述过去发生的事情，此处应用advise的过去式advised。
59．句意：1999年，杨振宁重返清华大学，全身心投入物理学的发展，在中国科学领域作出了巨大贡献。空前the和空后of提示此处需填名词。“put his heart into the…of physics”提示此处指物理学的发展。develop对应的名词形式development意为“发展”，符合语境。
60．句意：他著名的格言“诚实胜于聪明”长期以来激励着人们在科学和生活中追求真理。根据“pursue (追求)…in science and life ”及备选词可知，此处指追求真知。true对应的名词形式truth意为“真理”，符合语境。
61．devoting 62．lost 63．helping 64．that 65．realise/to realise 66．to wake 67．illnesses 68．herself 69．whom/who/that 70．who
【导语】本文讲述了张桂梅致力于云南山区教育，创办免费女子高中，帮助贫困女孩实现梦想的感人事迹。
【解析】61．句意：她是一名将毕生奉献给云南山区教育事业的教师。teacher与devote之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，填devoting。
62．句意：她年幼时失去了父母，童年艰难。根据“at a young age”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式lost。
63．句意：然而，这些经历并没有阻止她帮助他人。介词from后接动名词作宾语，填helping。
64．句意：2008年，她创办了第一所位于华坪县的免费女子高中。先行词“the first free high school”有序数词“first”修饰，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。
65．句意：从那以后，她帮助了2000多名贫困女孩实现上大学的梦想。help sb (to) do sth为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，填realise/to realise。
66．句意：每天早上，张5点起床，用扩音器叫醒学生。此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，填to wake。
67．句意：她的身体不好，患有20多种疾病。空前有数字20，空处应用名词复数形式，填illnesses。
68．句意：但她从来没有考虑过自己。主语是she，宾语指代主语本身，应用反身代词，she的反身代词是herself。
69．句意：她帮助过的女孩们现在在全国各地不同的领域工作。先行词是The girls，指人，从句中helped缺宾语，因此可用who/whom/that引导定语从句。
70．句意：她的故事告诉我们，真正的英雄是永不放弃、总是先为他人着想的人。先行词是不定代词someone，指人，此时关系代词只能用who。
71．She was born in 1901 in Xiamen, Fujian Province. 72．Because she wanted to serve her own country. 73．Over 50,000 (babies). 74．She left them to a kindergarten and a hospital. 75．She is a true hero because she devoted her whole life to helping others.
【导语】本文主要讲述了林巧稚医生的生平事迹，包括求学经历、行医奉献以及个人品质等。
【解析】71．第一段指出“She was born in 1901 in Xiamen, Fujian Province.”，她出生于1901年的福建厦门。
72．第三段提到“Lin spent her whole life caring for women and children”，她毕生投身中国妇幼医疗的事迹，可推断她归国是为报效祖国。
73．第三段给出了林巧稚一生救治妇女儿童的数量：“She delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.”，她一生接生了超过五万名婴儿。
74．最后一段提到“She left all her savings to a kindergarten and a hospital.”，她把全部积蓄都留给了幼儿园和医院。
75．结合她奉献医学、关爱患者的品质作答，符合15词以内的要求，表述合理。
76．参考范文：
My Role Model of Our Time
The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
He spent his whole life researching and developing hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice production and helped feed millions of people. Even when he became famous, he still worked in the fields like an ordinary farmer, caring little about money.
From him, I learn the importance of hard work, perseverance, and dedication. He showed us that one person can make a huge difference to the world. I hope to be a useful person like him, contributing to our country in my own way.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：介绍性记叙文，以一般过去时为主，夹杂一般现在时抒发感悟。
明确要点：①你的榜样是谁；②他/她为我们国家的贡献是什么；③你从他/她身上学到什么。
确定人称：第三人称介绍人物，第一人称抒发自己感悟。
注意事项：词数80-100；不得泄露个人真实信息。
[第二步：构思布局]
开头段：点题，直接点明自己钦佩的人是谁。
主体段：叙述人物生平经历以及贡献。
结尾段：书写自己的感悟，谈学到的道理。
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：榜样人物
Yuan Longping/Tu Youyou/Yang Liwei/Su Bingtian等
要点二：人物贡献
spent his whole life researching/developing hybrid rice/increased rice production/helped feed millions of people/improve global food security/save millions of lives worldwide/break Asian sprint records/become China’s first astronaut/realize China’s space dream等
要点三：学到的品质
the importance of hard work, perseverance, and dedication/concern for ordinary people/courage to try new methods/hard work and persistence/selflessness等
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