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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心素养培优卷外研版（新教材）
Unit 5 A fine balance
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The ocean covers most of our planet, but it is in 1 . Human activities have caused great damage to marine ecosystems. Plastic pollution, overfishing, and climate change are all 2 the health of the ocean.
Plastic waste is one of the 3 problems. Every year, millions of tons of plastic 4 the ocean. This plastic 5 marine animals that mistake it for food. Some animals get caught in plastic waste and 6 .
Overfishing is 7 serious problem. Fishing boats are catching fish 8 quickly that many species cannot recover. This is destroying the balance of marine ecosystems. Without action, the 9 of the ocean will continue to decline.
Climate change is also 10 the ocean. Rising temperatures cause coral reefs to 11 . Many marine animals 12 depend on coral reefs for shelter are losing their homes.
There is still hope, 13 . If we take action now, we can protect the ocean. We can reduce our use of plastics, support sustainable fishing, and 14 our carbon footprint. The future of the ocean 15 on us.
1．A．balance B．danger C．order D．control
2．A．improving B．damaging C．protecting D．creating
3．A．smallest B．biggest C．newest D．oldest
4．A．appears B．disappears C．enters D．leaves
5．A．helps B．feeds C．saves D．harms
6．A．live B．die C．grow D．fly
7．A．other B．others C．another D．the other
8．A．so B．such C．too D．very
9．A．beauty B．size C．health D．depth
10．A．affecting B．improving C．ignoring D．helping
11．A．grow B．recover C．die D．appear
12．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
13．A．but B．because C．however D．unless
14．A．increase B．reduce C．forget D．double
15．A．depends B．decides C．counts D．calls
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
Eco-Travel: Travel Green, Travel Smart
Are you planning your next holiday Why not try eco-travel Eco-travel is a way of travelling that helps protect the environment and respects local cultures. Here are some tips for being a green traveller:
Choose green transport. Take a train or a bus instead of flying. If you must fly, choose a direct flight to reduce carbon emissions. Once you arrive, walk, cycle or use public transport as much as possible.
Stay in eco-friendly hotels. Look for hotels that have green certifications. These hotels save water and energy, reduce waste, and support local communities.
Respect nature and wildlife. Don’t pick flowers or feed wild animals. Stay on marked paths when hiking. Remember: take only photos, leave only footprints.
Support local economies. Buy local products and eat at local restaurants. This helps the local people and reduces the carbon footprint of transporting goods from far away.
Reduce, reuse, recycle. Bring your own reusable bag, water bottle and cutlery. Avoid single-use plastics like straws and plastic bags.
For more information on eco-travel, visit our website at www.greentravel.org. Let’s make our planet a better place, one trip at a time!
16．What is the main purpose of eco-travel according to the text
A．To save money on travelling.
B．To help protect the environment and respect local cultures.
C．To visit as many places as possible.
D．To encourage people to fly more often.
17．What does the writer suggest doing when you arrive at your destination
A．Take a taxi everywhere.
B．Walk, cycle or use public transport.
C．Rent a car and drive alone.
D．Stay in the hotel all day.
18．What does the underlined phrase “green certifications” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Certificates that hotels are environmentally friendly.
B．Certificates that hotels are very expensive.
C．Certificates that hotels provide good food.
D．Certificates that hotels have beautiful views.
19．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tip for eco-travel
A．Bringing your own reusable water bottle.
B．Buying local products.
C．Picking flowers as souvenirs.
D．Staying on marked paths when hiking.
20．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A science textbook. B．A travel magazine.
C．A history book. D．A storybook.
B
The “30 by 30” plan is a global goal to protect 30% of the earth’s land and oceans by the year 2030. It was agreed upon at the United Nations Biodiversity Conference in 2022. The plan aims to stop the loss of biodiversity and fight climate change.
Currently, about 17% of land and 8% of oceans are protected. But scientists say this is not enough. Many species are dying out at a rate faster than at any time in human history. Habitats are being destroyed by deforestation, pollution, and urbanisation. The “30 by 30” plan would create more national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine protected areas.
Supporters of the plan say it is necessary to save life on earth. They point out that protected areas not only help wildlife but also provide clean air and water for humans. They also store carbon, which helps fight global warming.
However, some people are concerned about the plan. In some countries, local communities and indigenous peoples have been forced to leave their homes to make way for protected areas. Critics say the plan should respect the rights of these communities and include them in decision-making.
The success of “30 by 30” will depend on international cooperation. Countries need to share resources and knowledge. They also need to make sure that protected areas are not just lines on a map but are well-managed and truly safe for nature.
21．What is the “30 by 30” plan
A．To plant 30 trees by 2030.
B．To protect 30% of the earth’s land and oceans by 2030.
C．To reduce carbon emissions by 30% by 2030.
D．To build 30 new national parks by 2030.
22．What percentage of the earth’s oceans is currently protected
A．8%. B．17%. C．30%. D．50%.
23．Why do supporters say the “30 by 30” plan is necessary
A．It will create more jobs for people.
B．It will help wildlife and provide clean air and water.
C．It will make all countries richer.
D．It will stop all pollution immediately.
24．What is one criticism of the plan mentioned in the text
A．It is too expensive to carry out.
B．It might force local communities to leave their homes.
C．It will not help fight climate change.
D．It is impossible to achieve.
25．What is needed for the success of the plan according to the text
A．More money from rich countries only.
B．International cooperation and well-managed protected areas.
C．Building walls around protected areas.
D．Stopping all human activities everywhere.
C
Imagine waking up to the sound of birds singing in a forest, but instead of real birds, the sound comes from a speaker hidden in a tree. This is the reality in some parks in the Netherlands, where artificial bird songs are being played to make up for the loss of real birds due to pollution and habitat loss.
Scientists have been studying the effects of nature sounds on human health for years. They found that listening to birdsong, flowing water, and wind in the trees can lower stress, reduce blood pressure, and improve mood. But as natural environments are destroyed, these healing sounds are disappearing.
In response, some artists and scientists have teamed up to create “sound restorations”. They record natural sounds in healthy ecosystems and play them in degraded areas. One project in Amsterdam played recordings of insects and birds in a park where many species had vanished. Visitors reported feeling calmer and more connected to nature, even though the sounds were not real.
However, some ecologists worry that artificial sounds might give people a false sense of security. If people think nature is fine because they hear birds singing, they might not realise the urgent need to protect real ecosystems. “Sound restorations can be a useful tool for education and therapy,” says Dr. Maria Visser, an ecologist at Utrecht University, “but they should never replace real conservation efforts.”
The debate continues, but one thing is clear: humans need nature, not just for survival, but for peace of mind. Whether real or artificial, the sounds of nature remind us of what we stand to lose — and what we must fight to protect.
26．Why are artificial bird songs played in some parks in the Netherlands
A．To attract more tourists to the parks.
B．To make up for the loss of real birds.
C．To teach birds how to sing.
D．To test new speaker technology.
27．What did scientists find about nature sounds
A．They can help people sleep better.
B．They can lower stress and improve mood.
C．They can make people smarter.
D．They can replace medicine.
28．What is the purpose of “sound restorations” mentioned in the text
A．To create new music for concerts.
B．To play recorded natural sounds in degraded areas.
C．To record the sounds of extinct animals.
D．To teach people how to sing like birds.
29．What is Dr. Maria Visser’s opinion about artificial sounds
A．They should replace real conservation efforts.
B．They are useless and should be stopped.
C．They can be useful but should not replace real conservation.
D．They are better than real nature sounds.
30．What is the main idea of the text
A．Artificial bird songs are better than real ones.
B．Nature sounds are disappearing and artificial ones are being used as a substitute.
C．Parks in the Netherlands are the best in the world.
D．Ecologists disagree with artists on everything.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余）
Our hometown is a quiet small town. It has changed a lot over the past ten years. 31
Many years ago, life here was really difficult. There were no tall buildings, just old low houses. The roads were narrow and full of dirt. 32 People usually walked or rode old bikes when they needed to go out. What was worse, we had terrible environmental problems. Strong sandstorms hit our town every spring. Large areas of farmland turned into sandy fields and the soil was badly destroyed. 33
Later, the local government paid much attention to our problems. 34 They called on villagers to plant plenty of trees and bushes on hills. We also used new technology to protect our land. Everyone tried their best to make our hometown better.
Now great changes have taken place. Wide roads and new buildings can be seen everywhere. It only takes a short time to reach any place in the town. 35 Sandstorms are gone completely. The farmland is good for farming again. All the people live a happy and comfortable life. We love our beautiful hometown so much.
A．Life used to be full of trouble.
B．It used to take people lots of time to travel outside.
C．We all felt upset about the bad living environment.
D．It looks quite different from what it used to be.
E．They took many practical measures to improve the environment.
F．People used to sell farm products in big cities.
G．The environment becomes fresh and pleasant now.
词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．The rapid ________ (develop) of human society has made us care less for nature.
37．The ________ (pollute) of the river is a serious problem.
38．More than 60 ________ (protect) areas have been set up.
39．The world is changing ________ (rapid).
40．We should make good use of ________ (nature) materials.
41．We all have a ________ (责任) to protect the Earth for future generations.
42．Every small action, like saving a drop of water, can make a big ________ (不同) to the environment.
43．We should stop cutting down trees and protect the natural ________ (栖息地) of wild animals.
44．There is a small l________ (标识) on the tree showing the name of the plant.
45．We should all work together to improve our ________ (社会).
完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．如果不砍伐树木，森林会迅速恢复。
If we don’t ________ ________ the trees, the forest will recover quickly.
47．政府每年都为这个村子里的贫困儿童提供免费书籍。
The government ________ the poor children in this village ________ free books every year.
48．我们呼吁每个人都节约用水，保护水资源。
We ________ __________ everyone ________ save water and protect water resources.
49．在我看来，每个人都应该为保护环境尽一份力。
________ ________ ________, everyone should do their part to protect the environment.
50．团队合作在我们的学习过程中起着重要的作用。
Teamwork ________ ________ ________ ________ in our learning process.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处，每词限用一次。
ecosystem; wetlands; grasslands; rainforests; deserts; rivers; balance; influence; protect; species
Our planet is made up of many different ecosystems. 51 are areas where the ground is covered with water for part of the year. 52 are large areas of land covered with grass, where many animals live. 53 are home to countless 54 of plants and animals. 55 are dry places with very little rain. 56 flow through the land and provide water for life.
All these ecosystems are connected. They work together to maintain the 57 of nature. Human activities can 58 ecosystems in both positive and negative ways. It is our responsibility to 59 these natural environments. By doing so, we ensure that the 60 can continue to support life for future generations.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
Nature provides us with everything we need, but we often forget to protect it. To keep a fine balance 61 humans and nature, we must take action now.
First, we should reduce waste. We can reuse plastic bags and bottles instead 62 throwing them away. Second, we need to plant more trees. Trees help clean the air 63 provide homes for animals. Third, we should avoid 64 (use) chemicals that are harmful to the environment.
Many people 65 (start) to make changes. For example, some cities have stopped using plastic straws. Others have set up recycling centers. These small changes 66 (make) a big difference over time.
We must remember that nature is our friend, not our enemy. If we take good care 67 it, it will provide us with resources for years to come. Let’s work together 68 (keep) the balance of nature. Everyone can play 69 part in protecting the environment. It’s never too late 70 start.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
Have you ever heard of the “Butterfly Effect” It means that a small change in one place can lead to big differences somewhere else. In nature, this idea is very true. Everything is connected.
For example, bees are small insects, but they play a huge role in our world. When bees fly from flower to flower, they carry pollen and help plants make fruits and seeds. About one-third of the food we eat depends on bees and other pollinators. Without them, many crops would fail, and we would have less food.
However, bees are in danger. The use of pesticides, loss of habitats, and climate change are killing them. If bees disappear, it will not just affect flowers — it will affect the whole food chain. Birds that eat insects living on those plants will have less food. Farmers will lose money. People may face food shortages.
The good news is that everyone can help save bees. Planting flowers in your garden, reducing the use of chemicals, and buying local honey are simple ways to make a difference. Even small actions count. As the Butterfly Effect tells us, a small step today can lead to a better world tomorrow.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
71．What does the “Butterfly Effect” mean in this passage
72．How do bees help plants when they fly from flower to flower
73．Why are bees in danger according to the passage (List at least two reasons.)
74．What will happen if bees disappear (List one example.)
75．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展“共建绿色校园”活动。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们从身边小事做起，保护校园环境。要点如下：
1. 节约水电：随手关灯、关水龙头；
2. 减少垃圾：不乱扔垃圾，做好垃圾分类；
3. 绿色出行：尽量步行或骑自行车上学；
4. 你的建议 (至少补充一条) 。
要求：1. 词数：80~100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可适当发挥，以使行文连贯，不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息。
Dear fellow students,
Our school is carrying out an activity called “Building a Green Campus”. As students, we have the responsibility to protect our school environment. Here are some suggestions for us to follow.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s take action now and make our campus a better place to study and live in!
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋面临的危险，包括塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋未来。
【解析】1．句意：海洋覆盖了地球的大部分，但它处于危险中。
根据“Human activities have caused great damage”可知此处表示海洋处境危险，使用搭配be in danger，意为“处于危险中”。balance“平衡”、order“秩序”、control“控制”语境不符。
2．句意：塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化都在损害海洋健康。
根据前文“caused great damage”可知，这些活动对海洋健康是有害的，damaging符合语境。improving“改善”、protecting“保护”、creating“创造”语义不符。
3．句意：塑料废物是最大的问题之一。
根据后文“millions of tons”可知问题很严重，biggest符合逻辑。smallest“最小的”、newest“最新的”、oldest“最旧的”语义不符。
4．句意：每年数百万吨塑料进入海洋。
根据常识可知塑料垃圾是从陆地流入海洋，enters符合语义。appears“出现”、disappears“消失”、leaves“离开”语义或搭配不符。
5．句意：这种塑料伤害海洋动物，它们误以为是食物。
根据“mistake it for food”可知动物误食塑料会导致生病或死亡，harms符合语义。helps“帮助”、feeds“喂养”、saves“拯救”语义矛盾。
6．句意：一些动物被塑料废物困住并死亡。
根据“get caught in plastic waste”可知海洋动物被困住且无法脱身，后果通常是死亡，die符合语境。live“生存”、grow“生长”、fly“飞”语境不符。
7．句意：过度捕捞是另一个严重问题。
“problem”是单数，根据后文的“also”可知此处表示三者及以上中的另一个，用another。other“其他”后接复数；others“其他人/物”为代词，不可修饰名词；the other“两者中的另一个”语法错误。
8．句意：渔船捕鱼如此快以至于许多物种无法恢复。
此处使用句型so…that…，译为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词“quickly”。such“如此”后接名词，too“太”、very“非常”搭配错误。
9．句意：如果不采取行动，海洋的健康状况将继续下降。
前文提到“health of the ocean”，可知此处指生态健康状况下降，对应health。beauty“美丽”、size“大小”、depth“深度”语义不符。
10．句意：气候变化也在影响海洋。
根据“Climate change”及常识可知气候变化会对海洋产生负面影响，affecting符合。improving“改善”、ignoring“忽视”、helping“帮助”语境不符。
11．句意：气温上升导致珊瑚礁死亡。
根据常识及“Rising temperatures cause coral reefs”可知气候变暖导致珊瑚白化死亡，对应die。grow“生长”、recover“恢复”、appear“出现”语义不符。
12．句意：许多依赖珊瑚礁栖息的海洋动物正在失去家园。
根据“Many marine animals…depend on coral reefs for shelter”可知此处缺少定语从句的引导词，先行词是“animals”，表示事物，且从句缺主语，用which引导。who“谁”指人，whom“谁”作宾语，whose“谁的”语义不符。
13．句意：然而，仍有希望。
根据前文列举了三种问题及“still hope”可知此处表示转折，空后有逗号隔开，however可作副词表示“然而”。but“但是”后无需逗号，because“因为”、unless“除非”逻辑不符。
14．句意：我们可以减少塑料的使用、支持可持续捕捞，并且减少自己的碳足迹。
根据“reduce our use of plastics, support sustainable fishing”可知此处表示保护海洋需要环保行动，reduce carbon footprint是固定搭配，意为“减少碳足迹”。increase“增加”、forget“忘记”、double“加倍”语义不符。
15．句意：海洋的未来取决于我们。
此处使用搭配depend on，意为“取决于，依赖”，符合语境。decides“决定”、counts“计数”、calls“呼叫”语义不符。
16．B 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文介绍生态旅行，给出绿色出行的实用建议，倡导旅行中保护环境。
【解析】16．根据第一段“Eco-travel is a way of travelling that helps protect the environment and respects local cultures.”可知，生态旅行是一种有助于保护环境、尊重当地文化的旅行方式。
17．根据“Choose green transport”部分“Once you arrive, walk, cycle or use public transport as much as possible.”可知，到达目的地后，尽量步行、骑行或者乘坐公共交通。
18．根据后文“These hotels save water and energy...”可知，这类酒店节水节能、减少废弃物，可推断green certifications指环保认证。
19．根据“Respect nature and wildlife”部分“Don’t pick flowers...”可知，摘花是不被允许的，也不是文中建议的行为。
20．文章主题是旅行、生态出游，文末附带旅行网站，最可能出自“旅行杂志”。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍“30 by 30”保护计划的目标、现状、支持者观点、受到的批评以及该计划取得成功所需要的条件。
【解析】21．根据第一段“The ‘30 by 30’ plan is a global goal to protect 30% of the earth’s land and oceans by the year 2030.”可知“30 by 30”计划是一项全球性目标：到2030年保护地球30%的陆地与海洋。
22．根据第二段“about 17% of land and 8% of oceans are protected”可知，海洋目前保护比例为8%。
23．根据第三段“They point out that protected areas not only help wildlife but also provide clean air and water for humans.”可知保护区既保护野生动物，也给人类提供洁净空气与水源。
24．根据第四段“local communities and indigenous peoples have been forced to leave their homes”可知，批评者担心当地社区被迫离开家园。
25．根据最后一段“The success of ‘30 by 30’ will depend on international cooperation...well-managed and truly safe for nature.”可知“30 by 30”能否成功取决于国际合作。各国需要共享资源与知识；同时要保证保护区不只是地图上的线条，而是得到良好管理、真正对自然安全。
26．B 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自然环境被破坏后，原本存在的自然声音正在逐渐消失，人们因此用人工录制的自然声音作为替代，在退化的区域播放这类声音来起到舒缓、疗愈的作用；同时也有学者提出这类人工声音有一定价值，但不能替代真正的生态保护行动，最终核心是提醒人们要重视并保护真实的自然生态。
【解析】26．根据第一段中“artificial bird songs are being played to make up for the loss of real birds due to pollution and habitat loss”可知，荷兰一些公园播放人工鸟鸣是为了弥补因污染和栖息地丧失导致的真鸟缺失，选项B“为了弥补真实鸟类的损失”符合题意。
27．根据第二段中“They found that listening to birdsong, flowing water, and wind in the trees can lower stress, reduce blood pressure, and improve mood”可知，科学家发现自然声音能降低压力、改善情绪，选项B“它们可以减轻压力并改善情绪。”符合题意。
28．根据第三段中“In response, some artists and scientists have teamed up to create ‘sound restorations’. They record natural sounds in healthy ecosystems and play them in degraded areas”可知，“声音修复”的目的是在退化区域播放录制的自然声音，选项B“在退化区域播放录制的自然声音”符合题意。
29．根据第四段中“‘Sound restorations can be a useful tool for education and therapy,’ says Dr. Maria Visser, an ecologist at Utrecht University, ‘but they should never replace real conservation efforts.’”可知，Maria Visser博士认为人工声音有一定用处，但绝不能取代真正的保护工作，选项C“它们可能有用，但不应取代真正的保护工作。”符合题意。
30．文章先介绍荷兰公园因真鸟缺失播放人工鸟鸣，接着阐述自然声音的作用、“声音修复”的做法，再提及生态学家的担忧，最后点明人类需要自然，人工声音是自然声音消失后的替代手段，选项B“自然声音正在消失，人工声音正被用作替代品。”符合文章核心内容。
31．D 32．B 33．C 34．E 35．G
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡在过去十年间发生的巨大变化，包括过去生活的困难、环境的恶化，以及政府采取措施后带来的改善和如今的美好生活。
【解析】31．前文总述小镇在过去十年间发生了巨大变化，此处需要对“变化大”做总括性衔接。D选项“It looks quite different from what it used to be.”承接上文的“changed a lot”，自然引出后文对小镇过去样貌的介绍，逻辑连贯。
32．前文“…narrow and full of dirt.”提到过去小镇道路狭窄、充满泥土，后文又介绍了人们过去外出只能步行或骑旧自行车，此处需要对应过去出行不便的特征。B选项“It used to take people lots of time to travel outside.”完美承接前文糟糕的路况，也和后文的出行方式描述形成呼应，符合语境。
33．前文罗列了过去小镇的恶劣环境问题：春季频发沙尘暴、大片农田沙化、土壤遭到严重破坏，此处需要对过去糟糕的生存环境做收束。C选项“We all felt upset about the bad living environment.”顺承前文描述的各类环境乱象，也为后文引出政府着手治理问题做了合理铺垫。
34．前文提到后来当地政府高度重视这些民生与环境问题，后文具体列举了政府号召村民种树、用新技术保护土地等举措。E选项“They took many practical measures to improve the environment.”承上启下，既对应了上文政府重视问题的表述，又总领了后文的具体行动说明。
35．前文提到如今小镇随处可见宽阔的马路和新建筑，镇内通行十分便捷，后文又指出沙尘暴彻底消失、耕地重新适宜耕种。G选项“The environment becomes fresh and pleasant now.”对应后文的生态改善结果，和交通层面的变化描述并列，共同展现小镇如今的全新面貌。
36．development
【解析】句意：人类社会的快速发展使得我们对大自然的关心变少了。空处在句中作主语，应填名词形式development“发展”。
37．pollution
【解析】句意：这条河流的污染是一个严重的问题。定冠词The后需要接名词作句子的主语，pollute是动词，意为“污染”，其名词形式为pollution，故填pollution。
38．protected
【解析】句意：60 多个保护区已经被建立。此处修饰名词areas，protect为动词，其过去分词protected作前置定语，表被动含义，protected areas意为“保护区”，故填protected。
39．rapidly
【解析】句意：世界正在迅速变化。句中“changing”为动词，空格处需用副词修饰动词；rapid为形容词，其副词形式为rapidly。故填rapidly。
40．natural
【解析】句意：我们应该好好利用天然材料。空格后是名词materials，需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词；nature的形容词形式是natural，意为“天然的”。
41．responsibility/duty
【解析】句意：我们都有责任为后代保护地球。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数；duty或responsibility是名词，意为“责任、义务”，have a duty/responsibility to do sth.表示“有责任做某事”。故填responsibility/duty。
42．difference
【解析】句意：每一个小小的行动，比如节约一滴水，都能对环境产生很大的影响。本题考查固定短语make a big difference to，意为 “对……产生很大影响”，故填difference。
43．habitats
【解析】句意：我们应该停止砍伐树木，保护野生动物的自然栖息地。“栖息地”译为habitat，此处表示野生动物的栖息地，用复数形式habitats。
44．label/able
【解析】句意：树上有一个小标识，标注着这种植物的名称。label为名词，表示“标识、标签”；空前有a small，使用名词单数形式。故填label。
45．society
【解析】句意：我们所有人应当齐心协力去改善我们的社会。形容词性物主代词our后面需要接名词，括号内中文提示“社会”对应名词society，符合语法和语境，故填society。
46．cut down
【解析】原句中“砍伐”是关键词，中文“砍伐”对应的英文固定短语为cut down，助动词don’t后必须接动词原形，因此两空分别填cut和down。
47．provides with
【解析】原句中“提供”是关键词，provide sb. with sth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配；主语The government是单数，every year提示用一般现在时，谓语动词要用三单形式provides。
48．【小题1】call 【小题2】on 【小题3】to
【解析】原句中 “呼吁” 是关键词，表示 “呼吁某人做某事” 的短语是“call on sb. to do sth”。本句为一般现在时，主语“We”后接动词原形。故填call；on；to。
49．In my opinion/view
【解析】原句中“在我看来”是关键词，表示“在我看来”的短语是in my opinion/view。本句为一般现在时，in my opinion/view在句首作插入语，后接完整句子。故填In; my; opinion/view。
50．plays an important role
【解析】原句中“起着重要的作用”是关键词。表示“在……中起作用”的固定搭配为play a role in…，此处表示“起重要作用”，可用形容词important修饰role，因important以元音音素开头，其前需加不定冠词an。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Teamwork为不可数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式plays。故填plays；an；important；role。
51．Wetlands 52．Grasslands 53．Rainforests 54．species 55．Deserts 56．Rivers 57．balance 58．influence 59．protect 60．ecosystem
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍地球上各类生态系统，阐述不同自然环境的特点，说明生态系统之间相互联系，呼吁人类保护自然环境。
【解析】51．句意：湿地是一年中部分时段地面被水覆盖的区域。根据下文“the ground is covered with water”可知，此处描述湿地，备选词wetlands符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。
52．句意：草原是大片被草覆盖的土地，许多动物在此生活。根据下文“large areas of land covered with grass”可知，此处描述草原，备选词grasslands符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。
53．句意：热带雨林是无数动植物的家园。根据下文“are home to countless … of plants and animals”可知，此处描述物种丰富的热带雨林，备选词rainforests符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。
54．句意：热带雨林是无数动植物物种的家园。根据上下文语境，此处表达动植物的物种，备选词species符合语境，countless后接复数名词species。
55．句意：沙漠是雨水极少的干旱地带。根据下文“dry places with very little rain”可知，此处描述沙漠，备选词deserts符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。
56．句意：河流流经陆地，为生命提供水源。根据下文“flow through the land and provide water for life”可知，此处描述河流，备选词rivers符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。
57．句意：它们协同作用，维持自然界的平衡。根据固定搭配maintain the balance of nature“维持自然平衡”可知，备选词balance符合语境。
58．句意：人类活动会以积极和消极两种方式影响生态系统。情态动词“can”后面需要接动词原形，根据下文“in both positive and negative ways”可知，人类活动会“影响”生态系统，备选词influence符合语境。
59．句意：保护这些自然环境是我们的责任。固定句型“It is one’s responsibility to do sth.”意为“做某事是某人的责任”，to后面接动词原形；结合下文“ these natural environments”，此处是指保护自然环境，备选词protect符合语境。
60．句意：通过这样做，我们确保生态系统能够继续为后代的生命提供支撑。根据上下文，此处将地球上各类自然环境视作一个统一完整的生态整体，the ecosystem可以表示生态系统这一整体概念，备选词ecosystem符合语境。
61．between 62．of 63．and 64．using 65．have started 66．will make 67．of 68．to keep 69．a 70．to
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们必须立刻采取行动来维持生态的平衡。
【解析】61．句意：为维持人与自然之间良好的平衡，我们现在必须行动起来。空前“keep a balance”和空后“humans and nature”可知，这里应该表示“人与自然之间的平衡”。between…and…意为“在……和……之间”。
62．句意：我们可以重复利用塑料袋和瓶子，而不是直接扔掉。空前“reuse plastic bags and bottles”和空后“throwing them away”语义相反。instead of doing sth.意为“代替、而不是做某事”，符合语境。
63．句意：树木净化空气，并且为动物提供栖息地。空前“Trees help clean the air”和空后“provide homes for animals”都是树木的好处，是并列关系，表示并列用“and”。
64．句意：我们应当避免使用对环境有害的化学物质。空前“avoid”意为“避免”，avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，use应变为using。
65．句意：很多人已经开始做出改变。空后“some cities have stopped using plastic straws. Others have set up recycling centers.”可知，很多人已经开始行动了，这里用现在完成时，因此用have started表示“已经开始”。
66．句意：久而久之，这些微小改变将会产生巨大不同。空前“These small changes”为主语，空后“a big difference”为宾语。时间状语“over time”，表示将来产生的结果，使用一般将来时（will+动词原形），因此这里用will make表示“将产生巨大不同”。
67．句意：如果我们好好爱护它，它将长久不断为我们供给资源。take good care of意为“好好关心、好好爱护”。
68．句意：让我们共同努力维持生态平衡。不定式表目的，我们携手努力目的是维持大自然的平衡。work together to do sth.“协力做某事”，这里用to keep来表示“维持生态平衡”这一目的，作目的状语。
69．句意：每个人都可以为保护环境贡献一份力量。play a part in…意为“在……中发挥作用”。
70．句意：行动，永远为时不晚。It’s never too late to do sth.意为“为时未晚；做某事永远不迟”。
71．It means that a small change in one place can lead to big differences somewhere else. 72．They carry pollen and help plants make fruits and seeds. 73．The use of pesticides, loss of habitats, and climate change. 74．Many crops would fail, and we would have less food./Birds that eat insects will have less food./Farmers will lose money./People may face food shortages. 75．To tell people that everything in nature is connected and everyone can help protect the environment./To call on people to protect bees and the environment.
【导语】本文通过“蝴蝶效应”引出自然界万物相互关联的观点，以蜜蜂为例说明其在食物链中的重要作用、面临的生存危机，并呼吁每个人采取行动保护蜜蜂。
【解析】71．第一段第二句直接说明“蝴蝶效应”在文中的含义：“It means that a small change in one place can lead to big differences somewhere else.”，属于原文直接信息题，直接提取作答。
72．第二段第二句直接说明蜜蜂在花间飞行时如何帮助植物：“they carry pollen and help plants make fruits and seeds”，属于原文直接信息题，直接提取作答。
73．第三段第二句直接说明蜜蜂面临危险的原因：“The use of pesticides, loss of habitats, and climate change are killing them.”，属于原文直接信息题，直接提取作答，至少列出两个原因。
74．第二段最后一句及第三段第三至六句列举了蜜蜂消失可能带来的后果：“Without them, many crops would fail, and we would have less food”和“If bees disappear, it will not just affect flowers—it will affect the whole food chain. Birds that eat insects living on those plants will have less food. Farmers will lose money. People may face food shortages.”， 选择其中一个例子作答即可，属于原文直接信息题，直接提取作答。
75．本题要求推断作者的写作目的，需结合全文内容。文章从“蝴蝶效应”引入，说明蜜蜂的重要性及生存危机，最后呼吁大家采取行动保护蜜蜂，因此作者的目的是呼吁人们保护蜜蜂和环境。
76．例文：
Dear fellow students,
Our school is carrying out an activity called “Building a Green Campus”. As students, we have the responsibility to protect our school environment. Here are some suggestions for us to follow.
First, let’s save water and electricity. Remember to turn off the lights and taps when we don’t need them. Second, we should reduce waste. Never litter and always sort our rubbish properly. Third, choose green ways to travel. Whenever possible, walk or ride a bike to school instead of asking our parents to drive us.
In my opinion, we can also start a small garden on the school rooftop to grow some plants. This will not only beautify our campus but also help us learn about nature.
Let’s take action now and make our campus a better place to study and live in!
【解析】[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：英语倡议书（校活动倡议书，应用文）
明确要点：主题“共建绿色校园”；4个要点/节约水电随手关灯关水龙头 /减少垃圾不乱扔、垃圾分类 /绿色出行步行骑车上学 /补充至少一条个人建议；词数80 100，开头结尾已给不计入词数，无真实姓名校名
确定人称：第一人称we，第二人称you，一般现在时为主
注意事项：倡议书语气呼吁，条理清晰，分点表达，贴合初中中考难度，全部要点覆盖
[第二步：构思布局]
并列建议结构
开头：题目已给出，介绍共建绿色校园活动，引出建议
主体：第一层节约水电；第二层减少垃圾、垃圾分类；第三层绿色出行；第四层补充自己的建议，增加拓展细节
结尾：题目已给出，呼吁行动
[第三步：要点展开]
节约水电：First, let’s save water and electricity./Remember to turn off the lights and taps when we don’t need them./It helps cut down waste in our daily school life.等
减少垃圾：Second, we should reduce waste./Never litter and always sort our rubbish properly./Good sorting makes it easier to reuse things.等
绿色出行：Third, choose green ways to travel./Whenever possible, walk or ride a bike to school instead of asking our parents to drive us./It cuts down air pollution around our school.等
补充建议：In my opinion, we can also start a small garden on the school rooftop to grow some plants./This will not only beautify our campus but also help us learn about nature./We can take turns looking after those small plants.等
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