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高考英语概要写作专项训练
（上海专用）
一、概要写作
1. 4 大得分点（是阅卷老师整体评判标准，缺一不可）
1）要点完整：原文全部核心观点、关键事件不遗漏，次要细节（举例、数据、小故事）全部删掉
2）逻辑连贯：用上衔接词，分层清晰，不能零散堆砌句子但一直没有重点
3）语言改写：不能直接把原文照搬，可用同义替换、句式转换（定语/非谓语）改写
4）字数合规：一般要求在50-60词，不超过60词，一定严格按要求写。
2. 通用四步解题法（不分文章体裁，都适用）
Step1 划主干，剔除细枝末节
划：段落主旨句、作者态度、核心措施、利弊、因果结论
删：人名、地名、数字、举例、对话、小故事、重复解释
Step2 梳理逻辑框架
① 现象+原因+解决办法 ② 事物利弊对比 ③ 观点+论据 ④ 问题+影响+建议
Step3 同义改写，换句式（杜绝无思考照抄原文，这是扣分点）
单词替换：名词/形容词/动词换同义短语
句式转换：简单句合并、非谓语/定语从句替换简单句
Step4 串联 + 控字数
加入逻辑连接词，合并短句，最后把数字调整至50-60词，根据试题要求，一定不能超过60词。
3. 高频逻辑连接词（需背记，用来增加文章的前后逻辑性）
表因果：therefore, thus, as a result, due to
表转折：however, instead, yet
表递进：besides, furthermore, moreover
表列举：firstly, secondly, finally
表观点：the author holds that
4. 3 个严重扣分点，不要触碰
1. 大段摘抄原文句子，扣分严重
2. 自主加入主观想法（概要写作 只要求客观概括，不能写 我认为....）
3. 语言零碎，核心要点丢失（文章写了一大篇，但总体事情还是说不明白，劳心劳力，但大多是徒劳）
例题
特别注意：一开始练习概要写作，不要着急，严格按照要求一步一步写在旁边，当熟练之后，我们再来在脑海中加工精简一下步骤，然后再落笔，同学们一定要多练习，记住熟能生巧
1 基础入门（校园话题·现象+原因结构）
原文
Nowadays, many high school students spend much time scrolling short-video apps after school. Most of them say they watch clips to release pressure from heavy homework. However, the habit brings bad influences. For one thing, staring screens for long hurts their eyesight. Besides, too much wasted leisure time leaves no room for reading or sports. Teachers suggest students set fixed time limits for short videos every day.
Step1 根据上文讲的内容划出 4 个核心要点，这是理清文章的基础，不要对文章似懂非懂，模棱两可
1. 现象：高中生课后沉迷短视频
2. 原因：缓解作业压力
3. 两大危害：伤视力、挤占阅读运动时间
4. 教师建议：每日限定刷视频时长
Step2而后根据第一步再进一步 梳理文章逻辑的：现象→原因→弊端→建议
Step3 用一些同一内容进行对原文的改写替换
spend much time scrolling short-videos → are addicted to short videos
release pressure → relieve academic stress
hurt eyesight → do harm to their eyes
set time limits → fix daily screen time
Step4 标准概要参考
Nowadays, numerous high school students are addicted to short videos after school to relieve heavy academic stress. Nevertheless, this has two negative effects. It not only harms their eyesight but takes up time that should be spent on reading and sports. Therefore, teachers advise them to set fixed daily limits on watching short videos.
解析：
1. 无原文原句，全部同义替换；
2. 4 个核心要点全部覆盖，无遗漏；
3. 使用连接词nevertheless/therefore 衔接，逻辑清晰；
4. 字数合规
2 中档提升
原文
Traditional handicrafts like paper-cutting are fading away among teenagers. Some people think it's normal because modern digital products are more attractive. However, others believe handcrafts deserve protection. First, they carry our valuable traditional culture. Second, making handcrafts helps young people improve patience and creativity. To preserve them, schools can open handcraft courses and museums can hold free experience activities for teens.
核心要点梳理（参考前文所述）
1. 现状：剪纸等传统手艺在青少年中逐渐没落
2. 反面观点：数码产品更吸引人，淘汰手工很正常
3. 正方两大优势：承载传统文化、锻炼耐心创造力
4. 保护措施：学校开课、博物馆免费体验
标准参考概要
Now traditional handcrafts such as paper-cutting are losing popularity among teenagers. Some people regard it acceptable since digital goods draw youngsters more. However, others argue they should be preserved, for they carry traditional culture and cultivate teens' patience and creativity. Accordingly, schools can offer related courses while museums can organize free handcraft experiences.
三、分层专项练习题
第一组 基础入门
练习 1
原文
More students choose to take online after-school classes these days. They think online courses are convenient, for they can study at home without traveling long distances. However, online learning also has obvious shortcomings. Without teachers' face-to-face supervision, many students get distracted easily. What's more, lacking face-to-face communication makes it hard for them to ask questions timely. Experts recommend students combine online learning with offline tutoring properly.
要求：写50-60 词概要，完整覆盖全部核心要点
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练习 2
原文
Many families choose to keep pet cats in cities. Cats are quiet and easy to feed, so they fit busy citizens' lifestyles well. Raising pets can reduce people's loneliness after work. But problems exist too. Some owners abandon cats randomly, which causes trouble to the community. Animal volunteers remind people to take full responsibility before keeping pets.
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第二组 中档提升
练习 3
原文
Now many schools cancel morning self-study on weekends. Supporters say students need more rest to recover from tired school days, and spare time allows them to develop hobbies like painting or playing musical instruments. Opponents hold the opinion that self-study helps form good learning habits. They worry students will waste free time playing games without fixed study plans. Schools plan to let students make self-study plans by themselves as a balance.
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练习 4
原文
Reading paper books is gradually replaced by e-books. E-books have advantages: they are cheap and easy to carry around. However, paper books cannot be totally replaced. Turning real pages brings unique reading feelings, and they are less harmful to readers' eyes. Book lovers suggest people read both forms reasonably according to different situations.
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练习 5
原文
Volunteer work is popular among senior high students. Through voluntary services such as community cleaning and nursing home visits, teenagers learn to care for others and develop a sense of responsibility. Yet some students only take part in volunteer activities for extra application points. Teachers encourage them to offer help out of sincere kindness instead of practical benefits.
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第三组 高考压轴
练习6
原文
Waste of food is common in school canteens. A large amount of rice and dishes are thrown away every noon. There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. First, some students order more food than they can finish. Second, the taste of some dishes fails to satisfy students. To cut food waste, schools will launch food-saving campaigns and prepare smaller portions for students in the future.
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练习7
原文
Now fewer teenagers choose writing letters to communicate. They prefer instant message apps for its high speed and convenience. However, letter-writing has irreplaceable value. Writing letters requires people to calm down and express feelings carefully, which strengthens deep emotional bonds between people. Culture workers advise schools to hold letter-writing competitions to bring back this traditional communication way.
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参考答案
第一组 基础入门答案
练习 1
Nowadays, an increasing number of students choose to take online after-school classes for the great convenience of studying at home without traveling. However, online learning also has obvious drawbacks: without teachers' face-to-face supervision, many students easily get distracted and cannot raise questions in time. Therefore, experts recommend that students combine online courses with offline tutoring.
练习 2
Many city families choose to keep pet cats nowadays, which suit busy people's lifestyles well and effectively help relieve their loneliness after work. Nevertheless, some owners abandon cats randomly, which creates trouble for the community. Therefore, animal volunteers always remind citizens to take full responsibility before deciding to raise a pet.
第二组 中档提升答案
练习 3
Many schools now cancel weekend morning self-study. Supporters believe students need more rest and free time for hobbies like painting or music. Opponents, however, argue that self-study shapes good learning habits and worry students may waste time on games. To balance, schools will let students design their own study schedules.
练习 4
Nowadays, e-books are gradually replacing traditional paper books due to their low cost and easy portability. However, paper books cannot be completely replaced by e-books. Turning real pages offers readers a unique experience and causes less harm to their eyes. Therefore, book lovers suggest choosing both reading forms properly according to different situations.
练习5
Volunteer work has become increasingly popular among high school students. Through various services such as community cleaning and nursing home visits, teenagers learn to care for others and develop a sense of responsibility. However, some students join volunteer activities merely for extra application points. Teachers encourage them to offer help out of sincere kindness rather than for practical gains.
第三组 高考压轴答案
练习 6
Food waste is serious in school canteens, with much rice and many dishes thrown away daily. Two main causes are that students order more than they can finish and the taste of some dishes is not satisfying. To cut waste, schools will launch food-saving campaigns and provide smaller portions for students.
练习 7
Nowadays, few teenagers choose to write letters for communication, as they far prefer fast and convenient instant messaging apps. However, letter writing still has irreplaceable value: it helps people calm down, carefully express their true feelings, and strengthen deep emotional bonds. Therefore, cultural workers advise schools to hold letter-writing competitions to revive this traditional way of communication.

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