资源简介

(共77张PPT)
Ⅰ.常用词汇
核心词汇
1.mental adj. 精神的；思想的
2.vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆；(赖以表达思想、感情或 达到目的的)手段
3.launch vt.& n. 发射；发起；上市
4.leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过
5.mankind n. 人类
6.data n.[pl.] 资料；数据
7.signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
n. 信号；标志
8.recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
9.muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
10.float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮动；使漂流
11.otherwise adv. 否则；要不然；除此以外
12.beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
13.current adj. 当前的；现在的
n. 水流；电流；思潮
14.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
15.facility n. 设施；设备
16.keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
17.shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
18.pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
19.monitor n. 监视器；监测仪；班长
vt. 监视；监测；监控
20.resource n. 资源；财力；物力
21.universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
1.astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
2.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
3.cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter) 厘米
4.rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
5.gravity n. 重力；引力
6.frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
阅读词汇
7.satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
8.orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9.giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的
n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
10.agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
11.transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送
12.spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
13.jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器
14.solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
15.solar system 太阳系；类太阳系
16.towel n. 毛巾；抹布
17.soap n. 肥皂
18.microwave n.(also microwave oven) 微波炉
19.tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
20.fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
21.high-end adj. 高端的
22.foam n. 泡沫橡胶；泡沫
23.pillow n. 枕头
24.smartphone n. 智能手机
25.closing adj. 结尾的；结束的
n. 停业；关闭；倒闭
26.oxygen n. 氧；氧气
27.spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
28.telescope n. 望远镜
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
动词变形
1.determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determination n.决心；果断
2.disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望；沮丧；令人失望的事物
3.depend vi.依靠→independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n.独立；自立
4.lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
5.argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n.争论；争吵；论点；论据；辩论
6.analyse vt.分析→analysis n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
7.attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附属于；所附的；依恋的→attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋；拥护
8.limit vt.限制；限定n.限度；限制→limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limitation n.局限性
名词变形
1.desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的；可取的
2.globe n.地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的
3.mystery n.神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
形容词变形
1.intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.智慧
2.regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的；普通的；平凡的；惯常的；中等大小的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的；不正常的
核心词根词缀 形容词后缀-ent表示“具有……性质的，施行……动作的”。它描述的是一种主动的、正在进行的状态或倾向。如：
①dependent 依赖的；从属的　②insistent 坚持的；持续的　③different 不同的　④urgent 紧急的，急迫的；急切的　⑤persistent 坚持不懈的　⑥competent 有能力的；能胜任的　⑦obedient 顺从的　⑧excellent 卓越的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1.carry on　　　　 继续做；坚持干
2.on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
4.so as to (do sth) 为了；以便
5.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6.result in 导致；造成
7.as a result 所以；结果(是)
8.provide for sb 提供生活所需
9.in closing 最后
10.run out 用完；耗尽
Ⅳ.教材句式
1.句式：the＋序数词(＋n.)＋动词不定式
Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2.句式：otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
3.句式：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
4.句式：动词-ing形式短语作主语
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界性饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。
5.句式：so as to do...作目的状语
While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在某个东西上，以防四处飘浮。
核心考点
1.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的(disappoint vt.使失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的disappointment n.失望；沮丧)
(1)be disappointed at/with/by...　　　　　　对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that... 对……失望
(2)to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①After being told that the cash machine still did not play along，Gunter let out a long sigh，with his subtle expression displaying a sign of ____________ (disappoint).
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②What made them ____________(disappoint) was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.
disappointment
disappointed
[能力提升]　完成句子/完成语段
③尽管这名运动员全力以赴，但他得知自己未能晋级决赛时感到很失望。
The athlete _____________________that he had not qualified for the finals，despite his best efforts.
④我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成对他的感激。
__________________________my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love.I sighed away my days.Sensing that I _______________
_________his arrival，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and _____
_______________________________my gratitude to him.(心理描写)
was disappointed to learn
What disappointed me was that
was disappointed
at/with/by
my
disappointment gradually gave way to
2.desire n.渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望 (desirable adj.值得做的)
(1)have a desire for... /to do...　　　　　　　渴望……/渴望做……
(2)desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
desire that... (should) do... 渴望……
(3)It is desirable that... (should) do sth. 做某事是可取的。
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①The desire _______ (stand) out consumed me，pushing me towards a regrettable decision.(2025·北京卷)
②Young people have a stronger desire ____a better life and are more skilled in using the Internet to look for business opportunities.
to stand
for
[能力提升]　完成句子/一句多译
③为了一个可持续的未来，人人都减少碳足迹是可取的。
_____________________________________their carbon footprint for a sustainable future.(环境保护)
④如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→If ______________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire n.)
→If ________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire v.)
→If ______________________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that...)
It is desirable that everyone (should) reduce
you have a desire to communicate with foreigners freely
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely
you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
3.lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.缺乏；缺少；没有(lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
(1)(a) lack of　　　　 缺少……
for/through lack of 因缺少……
(2)be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①For lack __confidence and afraid of being laughed at，he hesitated to run to the starting line.
②The girl used to be _______(lack) in confidence and it was her teacher's encouragement that made her more confident.
of
lacking
[能力提升]　完成句子/一句多译
③一些学生可能会在与不熟悉的人一起练习时感到不自在，这可能会导致参与积极性的不足。
Some students may feel uncomfortable practising with someone they don't know well，which could result in________________________________.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷写作)
④由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。(情感描写)
→________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(介词短语)
→_____________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(分词作状语)
→_________________________________，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(原因状语从句)
(a) lack of motivation for participation
For lack of confidence and experience
Lacking confidence and experience
As she lacked confidence and experience
4.argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证(argument n.争论；争吵；辩论；论点；论据)
(1)argue with sb about/over sth　　　　　 与某人争吵/争论某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth 赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that... 主张……；认为……
(2)have an argument with sb 与某人争论
It is beyond argument that... ……是无可争辩的。
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①It is beyond ________(argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.(推荐信)
②Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother _____teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday.(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)
argument
into
[能力提升]　完成句子
③65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过阅读英语书籍来提高英语水平。
65% of the students ______________________________while 18% of the students ______
______________________________________by reading English books.
④我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。
I had intended to _______________________________，but soon I realized it was no use _______________________________，because he was too stubborn.
argue for listening to English songs
argue
that they can have their English level improved
argue him into accepting my opinion
arguing with him about/over the issue
5.signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志
(1)signal at/to sb　　　　 向某人发信号
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal that... 示意……
(2)give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①If you want to turn over a new leaf，though，one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that ______(signal) the start of a new “chapter”.(2025·北京卷)
②I ran up to the car，took him by the arm and signalled him ________(follow) me.(动作描写)
signals
to follow
[能力提升]　完成句子
③铃声响起，放学了，学生们都站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
The bell _________________________，and all the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.(动作链描写)
④司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号灯。
The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，________________________________.
signalled that school was over
ignoring the traffic signals all the way
6.run out用完；耗尽
run out of　　　　　 用光，用完(人作主语，及物动词短语)
use up 用尽；吃光(及物动词短语，人作主语)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；碰上(麻烦等)
run away (from... ) 逃离；避开
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①Lost in thought，he almost_______ the car in front of him.
②We should confront our problems bravely instead of running away _____them.
[能力提升]　完成语段
③在追逐成为作家的梦想时，她常常发现自己灵感枯竭。为了寻找灵感，她去了一个偏远的村庄，在那里偶遇了一个钱快花光、面临经济困境的陌生人。
While ___________________ to be a writer，she often found herself____________________ .To find inspiration，she went to a remote village where she _________________whose money ____
__________and who was facing financial troubles.
running after her dream
running out of inspiration
ran across a stranger
was
running out
ran into
from
7.the＋序数词(＋n.)＋动词不定式
[教材原句]　Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way、time、ability、chance、ambition、anxiety、belief、attempt等。
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①As far as I know，Amy was the only person _________(witness) the car accident.
②John was the first person _______ (think) of making popcorn to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability _______ (help) Bernard out of the difficulty.
[能力提升]　完成句子
③就个人而言，我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。
Personally speaking，I think I am____________________________.(申请信)
④这个栏目将为学生们提供绝佳的机会，让他们能够展示自己的写作能力，同时还能记录下那些值得铭记的精彩瞬间，以供日后回味珍藏。
This column will give students the perfect opportunity ______________________while documenting memorable events_________.(2025·全国一卷写作)
to witness
to think
to help
the best person to take up the job
to show their writing skills
to cherish
8.otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
[教材原句]　Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
(1)otherwise用作连词或副词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子应用虚拟语气。表示对现在的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/should do；表示对过去的虚拟时，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done。
(2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
[基础巩固]　单句语法填空
①Hurry up，________ we will miss the last bus.
[能力提升]　完成句子
②她总是体贴周到，否则她现在就不会这么担心你了。
She is always thoughtful and considerate，otherwise___________________________________.
③我们当时不知道你有麻烦，否则我们会帮你的。
We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise___________________________.
otherwise
she would not be so worried about you now
we would have given you a hand
Space exploration is the greatest task 1.__________ (challenge) our limits.We 2._______
_________________ (渴望探索未知)，but we must be careful.Still，giving up is not the answer.If a mission runs out 3.__ fuel and fails to send a signal，we would 4._____________
________ (为失去它而感到失望).Yet，every attempt teaches us something valuable.Some think (用本单元词汇替换黑体词：5.______) that we should stop；otherwise，6.________
___________________ (我们将会浪费大量资源) for lack 7.__ ideal returns.But the drive to discover keeps pushing us forward.But the human spirit argues that we must persevere.
to challenge
desire to
explore the unknown
of
be disappointed
to lose it
argue
we would
waste a lot of resources
of
1.attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视 (attached adj.附加的；依恋的；爱慕的 attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋)
[诵读领悟]　Gunter attached great significance to helping others，believing that small acts of kindness could make a big difference in people's lives.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷写作)
冈特非常重视帮助他人，他认为微小的善举可以极大地改变人们的生活。
[能力提升]　翻译句子
成功的感受不再取决于我取得了怎样的成绩，而在于学习本身所带来的纯粹快乐。
_________________________________________________________________________________ (2025·北京卷)
The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure joy of
learning.
2.result in导致；造成
[诵读领悟]　Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't.(2025·北京卷)
将自己与表现优于自己的人进行比较，如果一味关注他们所拥有的而你所欠缺的，就可能会产生嫉妒的情绪。
[能力提升]　翻译句子
由于缺乏沟通而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会引发更严重的问题。因此，我们应当掌握足够的沟通技巧。
_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Misunderstandings resulting from lack of communication，if not handled properly，may
result in more serious problems.As a result，we should master sufficient communicating skills.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出加黑单词的词性和汉语意思)
1.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line” activity.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) ____________
2.She was displeased with absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”. ______
3.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.
____________________________.
vt.监视；监听
n.常客
vt.提出；提请考虑(想法或计划)
4.In the history of science，Isaac Newton is often regarded as a giant，upon whose shoulders later generations of scientists stand to see further. _____
5.With its innovative products and loyal customer base，the tech company has expanded its orbit far beyond the consumer electronics market，influencing global culture and trends.
___________
6.Before traveling abroad，you must complete the necessary procedures for obtaining a visa and passport renewal. _____
n.巨人
n.势力范围
n.手续
Ⅱ.一词多义(根据语境选出加黑单词的含义)
1.current
A
①With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，” Johnson said in an email. __
②As we all know，the current money in China is Renminbi. __
③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. __
④Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind，she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so. __
B
D
C
2.otherwise adv.
B
A.以其他方式　　　　　B.否则；要不然 C.除此以外
①But last month，one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.(2025·全国二卷) __
②There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent. __
③It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. __
C
A
3.launch
B
①The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson，back in 1993.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) __
②Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own，your local library can become a launch space for it. __
③The police have launched an investigation into the case，which has resulted in great concerns nationwide. __
④It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. __
⑤After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. __
E
C
A
D
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2.70%的同学认为值得探索；
3.你的观点。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
(议论文——太空探索)
1.他们认为，用来发射火箭的钱足以供养地球上许多人，并且，在地球问题尚未解决时只关注太空显得肤浅。(provide for sb；动词-ing形式短语作主语；shallow)
They argue that the money used to launch rockets could ____________________on Earth，and while earthly problems remain unsolved，_______________________________.
2.否则，这些资金本可以带来更大效益。(otherwise引导含蓄虚拟条件句；result in)
_________________________________greater benefits.
3.70%的学生渴望继续。( keen；carry on)
70% of the students__________________.
provide for many people
focusing only on space seems shallow
Otherwise，these funds could result in
are keen to carry on
4.探索未知对于人类的飞跃至关重要。(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
___________________is crucial for mankind's leap forward.
5.他们希望弄懂宇宙的奥秘并寻找新的资源以便造福我们的未来。(figure out；universe；so as to do sth)
They hope ________________________________and find new resources______________
_________.
6.将目光投向超越我们当前世界的领域是至关重要的。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...)
______________________our current world.
Exploring the unknown
to figure out the secrets of the universe
so as to benefit
our future
It is vital to look beyond
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Recently，our class held a discussion on space exploration. 30% of the students believe it is not worthwhile. They argue that the money used to launch rockets could provide for many people on Earth, and while earthly problems remain unsolved，focusing only on space seems shallow.Otherwise，these funds could result in greater benefits.
However，70% of the students are keen to carry on.Exploring the unknown is crucial for mankind's leap forward. They hope to figure out the secrets of the universe and find new resources so as to benefit our future.
Personally，I support space exploration.It is vital to look beyond our current world. In closing，let's remember that curiosity drives progress.
Ⅰ.主题微续写
1.请先学习一下单元主题词块。
Space
Exploration

Theme 1：
Ambition &
Determination
` learn more about space　更多地了解太空
work hard to find answers 努力寻找答案
realise one's dream 实现自己的梦想
determine to help 下定决心帮忙
one's desire to explore the universe 某人探索宇宙的渴望
believe in the importance 相信其重要性
make great progress 取得巨大进步
Space
Exploration

Theme 2：
Challenge &
Setback an impossible dream　一个不可能实现的梦想
make someone sad and disappointed 让某人感到悲伤和失望
despite the huge risks 尽管存在巨大的风险
complete the necessary procedures 完成必要的程序
stop wasting time and money 停止浪费时间和金钱
a shallow view 一个肤浅的观点
Theme 3：
Achievement
& Benefit achieve goals 实现目标
make a difference 有作用或影响
promote technological improvements 推动技术进步
benefit us all 造福我们所有人
change our lives 改变我们的生活
survive well into the future 未来良好地生存下去
provide better solutions 提供更好的解决方案
our new home 我们的新家园
2.请根据上面的单元主题词块完成下面短文。
Watching the rocket launch，Mr Sterling was in tears.He had once told his son to abandon ①___________________________.This was because he saw it as a financial black hole，②_________________，and he had pleaded，“Stop wasting time and money.” Now，seeing that very dream pierce the sky，he ③_____________________.His son hadn't just wanted to achieve goals but he also wanted to make a difference.This mission，undertaken despite the huge risks，would ④________________________________________________
____.It was the first step for humanity ⑤_______________________ .In that brilliant light，Mr Sterling finally understood.This wasn't a waste but ⑥_____________________________
____ —a future for us all.
his desire to explore the universe
an impossible dream
saw his own shallow view
promote technological improvements that would change our
lives
to survive well into the future
an ultimate investment in our new
home
看着火箭发射，斯特林先生热泪盈眶。他曾告诉儿子要放弃探索宇宙的愿望。这是因为他曾将其视为财务黑洞，一个不可能实现的梦想，并恳求道：“停止浪费时间和金钱。”如今，看着那个梦想刺破苍穹，他看到了自己肤浅的观点。他的儿子不仅渴望达成目标，而且他还希望有所作为。这次的任务尽管存在巨大风险，但却会推动技术进步，从而改变我们的生活。这是人类未来良好生存下去的第一步。在那璀璨的光芒中，斯特林先生终于明白了。这不是浪费，而是对我们新家园——一个属于全人类的未来——的终极投资。
Ⅱ.语料积累——动作描写之“眼部”动作(二)
1.语料整合
单词 narrow v.眯起 shut v.闭上 squeeze v.紧闭 eye v.注视；仔细打量
词块 ①keep an eye on 注视；留意
②narrow one's eyes 眯起眼睛
③turn one's eyes to 把目光转向
④shut one's eyes 闭上眼睛
⑤squeeze one's eyes shut 紧闭双眼
⑥look into one's eyes 凝视某人的眼睛
2.完成语段
Anne's father ①________________ (眯起眼睛), wondering what had happened.Then，he ②________________________ (把目光转向了门口)when he heard the handle turning.
③_________________ [看到安妮走进来(分词短语作状语)]，he ④__________________ (上下打量着她)，confused.Though Anne's blue eyes were full of tears，she ⑤____________
__________________ (紧盯着父亲的神情).Anne ⑥_________________________ (凝视着父亲的眼睛) and told him the truth.When he learnt the truth，he ⑦________________ (紧紧地闭上双眼)and bit his lip，with tears running down his cheeks.
narrowed his eyes
turned his eyes to the door
Eyeing Anne come in
eyed her up and down
kept an eye on
her father's expression
looked into her father's eyes
shut his eyes tightly
Ⅰ.阅读理解
For thousands of years，people around the world have told myths about the Moon and how it came into being.Now，new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago.
Many scientists believe that the Moon formed after a planet the size of Mars，called Theia，collided (碰撞) with the Earth. This caused magma to blast out into space.The magma cooled into solid rocks that started orbiting the Earth in rings，like Saturn has.Gradually，those rocks clumped (聚集) together to form the Moon.
Scientists worked out how old the Moon is by studying rocks gathered from the surface in 1972—the last time humans set foot on the Moon.Astronauts collected the samples using a lunar rake，dragging it through the dust on the surface to collect rocks that were between one and three centimetres wide.The samples contained zircon crystals，a type of mineral that would have formed after the Earth and Theia collided and the magma cooled down.Scientists have studied the samples before but a new scanning technique，called “atom probe tomography”，helped them to study the crystals in more detail and calculate the Moon's age more accurately.
The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.Life on the Earth was only possible after the Moon had formed，so scientists want to learn more about when it happened.Professor Philipp Heck，who worked on the study，said，“It's a part of our natural system that we want to better understand.”
Before NASA landed astronauts on the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s，there were other theories about how the Moon formed.One suggested that the Moon was floating through space and was captured by the Earth's gravity.Another said that the Earth started spinning so quickly that some bits of it broke off and went into orbit.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，月球比科学家认为的要老4 000万年，大约在44.6亿年前形成。
1.What's the purpose of the research
A.To know more about the Earth.
B.To find out how the Moon formed.
C.To work out how the astronauts landed on the Moon.
D.To study the rocks gathered from the surface of the Moon.
解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“new research has revealed that the Moon is 40 million years older than scientists thought it was.The latest data suggests that it formed around 4.46 billion years ago”可知，新研究的目的是研究月球是如何形成的，故选B。
2.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.The collision. B.Theia.
C.The Earth. D.The size of Mars.
解析　A　代词指代题。画线词的前一句讲许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的；再结合画线词所在句的“caused magma to blast out into space”可知，这导致岩浆喷射到太空中。由此可推知，This指代前一句中的碰撞，故选A。
3.What is the latest belief of the Moon's formation
A.It is the result of collision of two planets.
B.It was dragged to its location by the Earth's gravity.
C.It was shaped by the bits which broke off the Earth.
D.It crashed into space by accident.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，许多科学家认为，月球是在一颗与火星大小相当的行星忒伊亚与地球碰撞后形成的，故选A。
4.What are the major effects the Moon has on the Earth
A.Daytime and directions.
B.Weather and geography.
C.Seasons and tides.
D.Weights and lives.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The Moon is important because it affects things on the Earth，such as tides，seasons and weather.”可知，月球很重要，因为它影响着地球上的事物，比如潮汐、季节和天气，故选C。
B
(2025·贵阳质检)Space should not be a garbage dump.Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.Now filled with dead rockets and satellites，our polluted orbital environment is becoming more crowded，threatening the growing space economy.It's time for nations—and the billionaires to clean up Earth's near orbit.
The U.S.Air Force tracks more than 25，000 pieces of space junk larger than 10 centimeters—about the size of a bagel—weighing together some 9，000 metric tons.This dangerous trash moves around Earth at speeds of roughly 10 kilometers per second，or more than 22，000 miles per hour.Collisions between millimeter-scale objects too small to track and working satellites are now routine.Orbital debris (碎片) collisions cost satellite operators an estimated $86 million to $103 million in losses a year.
Under the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (条约)，nations are supposed to be responsible for damages caused by space junk，even if it was originally launched by a private firm.That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages from orbital debris even if its origin can be proved and the company shown negligent (失职的).
No surprise，this hasn't worked.The problem is，after decades of discussion，there is still no international treaty that limits space junk or sets standards for negligence.We need one that outlines responsibilities and strictly requires fines on the companies whose spacecraft debris causes harm.
As long as doing the right thing is voluntary，it may not happen，concluded a 2018 Air Force Association report.The limited action since then tells us the world should have already worked on an agreement on compulsory standards.Few countries or companies currently design rockets for their complete life cycle.They must be forced to store enough fuel and keep the capability for spacecraft to drive safely out of space when their useful life is over.If spaceflight industries and nations fail to play by the new rules，they should be subjected to painful financial punishments.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。近年来，环绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。本文主要介绍了太空垃圾带来的损害和责任划分问题，并呼吁制定国际标准和惩罚措施。
5.What has happened to space in recent years
A.Space economy has been thriving.
B.The orbit pollutes rockets and satellites.
C.Space junk has increased rapidly.
D.The orbital environment becomes clean.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Nevertheless，the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.”可知，近年来围绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。故选C。
6.Who should be responsible for damages according to the Treaty
A.Billionaires. B.Taxpayers.
C.Firms. D.Operators.
解析　B　细节理解题。文章第三段涉及了1967年《外层空间条约》，根据该段内容，尤其是其中的“That puts taxpayers，not space-exploring billionaires，on the hook for damages”可知，根据1967年签署的《外层空间条约》，各国应对太空垃圾造成的损害负责，这意味着，是纳税人，而非探索太空的亿万富翁，为轨道碎片所造成的损害负责。故选B。
7.What could be the author's attitude towards the Treaty
A.Doubtful. B.Neutral.
C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.
解析　A　观点态度题。根据第三段中两个even if引导的让步状语从句和“not space-exploring billionaires”可知，作者在介绍《外层空间条约》的相应规定时表示，即使太空垃圾最初是由私人公司发射的，并且能够证明是公司的失职，该条约规定责任人仍是国家，即纳税人；再由第四段内容可知，作者对该条约没有起作用并不感到意外，并且认为我们需要一份能够明确责任，并对航天器碎片造成损害的公司进行罚款的条约。由此可推断，作者对《外层空间条约》的态度是怀疑的。故选A。
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.Space Junk：A Problem to Be Solved
B.Space Economy：A Business to Be Built
C.Space Disaster：A Prediction on the Future
D.Space Exploration：A Trip to the Unknown
解析　A　标题归纳题。本文第一段就谈到太空垃圾问题，点明太空不应该成为垃圾场，接下来详细说明了太空垃圾问题和为解决这一问题提出的措施和呼吁，故A项“太空垃圾：一个有待解决的问题”最适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Make Better Decisions
Having too many choices can cause anxiety，but you can overcome decidophobia (决策恐惧症).
1 Shall I，shan't I？When you're feeling overwhelmed (不知所措) with possibilities，it's often easier to do nothing.That's not a long-term solution，so try to focus on the really important issues and avoid sweating the small stuff.Be organized in your daily life—decide what you're going to wear the night before，eat the same breakfast every day，and know when you're going to do certain chores.That cuts down the number of options you have to weigh at any one time.
Make it manageable.Follow a series of steps.First，write down the advantages and disadvantages of different options. 2 Consider how you feel about them，instead.Abandon all but the three or four most realistic courses of action.Next，gather information that will help with the decision，then seek advice from just a few people. 3
Set deadlines.To avoid decision paralysis，set yourself a firm but realistic date by which you need to have picked your preferred option. 4
Sleep on it.When you think you've come to the right conclusion，take a holiday or even just a day to think about something different before you actually commit.
Trust yourself. 5 To give yourself confidence，list the decisions you've made in the past that have worked out well and consider whether choices you consider bad are really that disastrous.
A.Cut down your decisions.
B.Make all possible decisions.
C.This will also prevent you from being in a dilemma.
D.Making a decision is happy，but you're the one who is suitable.
E.Don't simply think about the number of points for and against.
F.It's often helpful if they're independent，rather than friends or family.
G.Making a decision is scary，but you're the one who knows yourself best.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何做出更好的决定。
1.A　本空位于段首，是段落主旨句。根据本段的“try to focus on the really important issues...your daily life”“That cuts down the number of options you have to weigh at any one time.”可知，本段建议人们要试着集中注意力于真正重要的事情上，避免为鸡毛蒜皮的事烦心，在日常生活中有条理，这样就减少了在任何时候必须权衡的选择数量。故A项“减少你的决定”最能概括本段的主旨。
2.E　空前讲“写下不同选择的优点和缺点”，空后讲“相反，考虑你对它们的感觉”，故空处应该讲你应该如何正确对待选择的优缺点，E项“不要仅仅考虑优点和缺点的数量”符合语境。
3.F　空前讲“接下来，收集有助于做决定的信息，然后仅向几个人寻求建议”，空后应该对此建议作进一步说明。F项“如果他们是独立的，而不是朋友或家人，这通常会有所帮助”承接上文，且选项中的 they指代空前的“a few people”。
4.C　本段建议设定最后期限。空前讲“为了避免决策无能，给自己设定一个坚定但现实的日期，你需要在这个日期之前选出你更喜欢的选项”。C项“这将也会防止你陷入两难境地”承接上文，进一步说明设定最后期限的另一个好处。
5.G　本段建议人们要相信自己，G项“做决定很可怕，但你是最了解自己的人”符合本段主旨。

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