人教版(新教材)九年级上册Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项精品资料(含答案)

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人教版(新教材)九年级上册Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项精品资料(含答案)

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Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项精品资料
一般过去时、现在完成时与used to结构辨析
一、语法核心讲解
本单元围绕"变化的世界"这一主题,重点学习三种用于描述过去与现在的语法结构:一般过去时、现在完成时和used to结构。三者均可谈论过去,但侧重点和用法有明确区别。
(一)一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)
1. 核心用法
表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去经常发生的动作。侧重点在于陈述过去的事实,与现在没有直接关联。
2. 句式结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.
否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn't go to school last week.
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did you see the film last night
3. 常见时间状语
yesterday, last night/week/year, two days ago, in 2015, just now, at that time, the other day等。
(二)现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)
1. 核心用法
用法一(影响性):表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或产生结果。
用法二(持续性):表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,还可能继续下去。
用法三(经历性):表示到目前为止的经历,不指明具体时间。
2. 句式结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他 The village has become a tourist attraction.
否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 + 其他 We haven't seen each other for ages.
一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? Has she finished her homework
人称搭配速记:I/You/We/They + have;He/She/It/单数名词 + has
3. 常见时间状语
already(肯定句), yet(否定/疑问句), ever, never, just, for + 时间段, since + 时间点/从句, so far, recently, in the past/last + 时间段等。
for与since的区别:for后接时间段(for 10 years);since后接时间点(since 2015)或一般过去时从句(since I left)。
(三)used to结构
1. 核心用法
表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态,暗含现在已不再如此。这是本单元描述"今昔对比"的核心结构。
2. 句式结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 People used to walk to work.
否定句 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 People didn't use to shop online.
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? Did you use to live here
(四)三大结构对比总览
对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 used to结构
时间逻辑 动作完全发生在过去,与现在无关 起点在过去,落点在现在 过去习惯/状态,现已改变
时间状语 明确的过去时间点 无明确时间,用for/since等 无特定标志,常与but now搭配
侧重点 陈述过去事实 强调对现在的影响/持续 强调今昔对比
结构 did have/has done used to do
快速判断口诀:有明确过去时间→一般过去时;表影响、持续、经历→现在完成时;表"过去常……现在不了"→used to。
二、易错点提醒
易错点1:现在完成时 ≠ 一般过去时
误区:认为两者都表示过去发生的事,可以互换。
正解:一般过去时只谈过去,现在完成时与现在有关。
I cleaned the room this morning.(强调"打扫"这件事,现在房间是否干净未知)
I have cleaned the room.(强调"房间现在是干净的")
易错点2:短暂性动词与时间段搭配
误区:He has left for two hours.
正解:leave是短暂性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,须换为延续性表达。
He has been away for two hours.
常见转换:buy→have, borrow→keep, join→be in/be a member of, die→be dead, begin→be on
易错点3:have been to / have gone to / have been in
误区:三者混用。
正解:
have been to:去过某地(已回来)——I have been to Guizhou.
have gone to:去了某地(还没回来)——He has gone to Shanghai.
have been in:在某地待了多久(强调停留时长)——She has been in Beijing for 5 years.
易错点4:used to的否定与疑问形式
误区:He used not to...(虽存在但极少用)
正解:考试首选 didn't use to 形式。
否定:He didn't use to get up early.
疑问:Did he use to get up early
易错点5:since与for混淆
误区:I have lived here since 5 years.
正解:since后接时间点,for后接时间段。
I have lived here for 5 years. / ... since 2015.
三、基础题(10道)
(一)、用所给词的适当形式填空(每题2分,共10分)
My hometown __________ (change) a lot in the past ten years.
He __________ (buy) a new car last month.
She __________ (live) here since she was born.
People __________ (use to) write letters to keep in touch thirty years ago.
They __________ (not finish) their homework yet.
(二)、单项选择(每题2分,共10分)
—Where is Tom —He __________ to the library.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
I __________ the book two days ago.
A. have read B. have bought C. read D. reads
There __________ a small house near the river in the past.
A. used to be B. used to have C. was used to be D. were used to
Our teacher __________ us since we came to this school.
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
We __________ each other for a long time.
A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. don't see D. won't see
四、提升题(10道)
(一)、单项选择(每题2分,共10分)
Great changes __________ in our city since 2020.
A. took place B. have taken place C. take place D. are taking place
My uncle __________ in the countryside when he was young.
A. used to live B. used to living C. was used to live D. is used to living
—__________ you ever __________ to the Great Wall —Yes, I have.
A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Have; gone D. Do; go
The film __________ for ten minutes when I arrived at the cinema.
A. has begun B. has been on C. had been on D. began
She __________ the book for two weeks.
A. has borrowed B. has kept C. borrowed D. keeps
(二)、句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
People used to shop in small village shops.(改为否定句)
People __________ __________ to shop in small village shops.
They have built lots of new schools.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ they __________ lots of new schools
He has been a teacher since 2015.(对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ has he been a teacher
The government built a new hospital last year.(用现在完成时改写,保留原意强调结果)
The government __________ __________ a new hospital.
The village was poor in the past, but now it's modern.(用used to合并句子)
The village __________ __________ __________ poor.
五、拓展题
(一)、完形填空(语法专项)(每题1分,共10分)
My hometown is a small mountain village. It 1.______ (change) greatly since I left. When I was a child, there 2. ______(be) only narrow dirt roads and small old houses. People 3.______ (use to) walk or ride bikes to go to the town. There 4.______ (be) no supermarkets at that time.
Now, everything is different. The government 5.______ (build) wide roads and modern schools. Many families 6.______ (buy) new cars. I 7.______(not visit) my hometown for three years, but I can see the changes in the photos my cousin sent me.
I 8.______ (decide) to go back next month. I believe I 9.______ (see) more surprising changes then. I 10.______ (live) in the city since 2018, but my heart is always in my hometown.
(二)、句子翻译(每题2分,共10分)
在过去的五年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
_____________________________________________________________________
我爷爷过去常常在晚饭后散步。
_____________________________________________________________________
你去过贵州吗?——是的,我去过两次。
_____________________________________________________________________
自从我们建了新的高速公路,出行变得容易多了。
_____________________________________________________________________
她已经离开家乡三年了。(注意延续性动词转换)
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案与详细解析
三、基础题(10道)答案解析
1. has changed
解析:时间状语"in the past ten years"(在过去的十年里)是现在完成时的标志词,表示从十年前到现在发生的变化,强调对现在的影响,主语为单数,故填has changed。
2. bought
解析:时间状语"last month"为明确的过去时间点,表示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,buy的过去式为bought。
3. has lived
解析:"since she was born"引导时间状语从句,主句表示从出生一直持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,主语为She,助动词用has。
4. used to
解析:"thirty years ago"提示这是三十年前的习惯动作,且暗含现在人们已不再写信联系,用used to表示"过去常常"。
5. haven't finished
解析:"yet"常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句末尾,表示"还未",主语为They,否定式为haven't finished。
6. B (has gone)
解析:根据问句"Where is Tom "(Tom在哪里?)可知Tom不在说话现场,用has gone to表示"去了某地(尚未返回)"。若用has been to则表示"去过(已回来)",与语境不符。
7. C (read)
解析:"two days ago"为明确的过去时间状语,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。read的过去式与原形同形(读作/red/),此处应选read。
8. A (used to be)
解析:"in the past"提示描述过去存在的状态,用there used to be表示"过去曾有"。B项used to have不能与There be句型混用;C、D结构错误。
9. C (has taught)
解析:"since we came to this school"为since引导的时间状语从句,主句表示从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时,主语为单数,助动词用has。
10. B (haven't seen)
解析:"for a long time"表示"持续很长一段时间",是现在完成时的标志词,强调从过去到现在一直没见面,应用haven't seen。
四、提升题(10道)答案解析
1. B (have taken place)
解析:"since 2020"为现在完成时的标志词,表示从2020年至今的变化。注意take place(发生)为不及物动词短语,无被动语态,故排除含被动形式的选项,用主动形式have taken place。
2. A (used to live)
解析:"when he was young"表示过去的时间,且暗含现在已不在乡下居住,用used to live表示"过去曾住在"。B项used to doing表示"习惯于";C、D为be used to结构,意为"被用来"或"习惯于"。
3. B (Have; been)
解析:"ever"用于现在完成时疑问句,表示"曾经";回答"Yes, I have."进一步确认用现在完成时。have been to表示"去过某地(已回来)",符合经历性语境。have gone to表示"去了未回",与答语不符。
4. C (had been on)
解析:for ten minutes表示持续一段时间,begin为短暂性动词,须换成延续性动词be on;"when I arrived"为过去时间点,"电影已经开始十分钟了"发生在arrived之前,即"过去的过去",应用过去完成时had been on。
5. B (has kept)
解析:"for two weeks"表示持续两周,borrow为短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,须换成延续性动词keep,现在完成时为has kept。
6. didn't use
解析:used to的否定形式,考试首选"didn't use to",主语People为复数,助动词用did。
7. Have; built
解析:现在完成时的一般疑问句,将助动词have/has提到主语前,主语They对应have,过去分词built保持不变。
8. How long
解析:对"since 2015"提问,询问"多长时间",用How long。注意不要误答"When"(对时间点提问)。
9. has built
解析:将一般过去时改写为现在完成时,强调"已经修建"这一结果,主语为单数,助动词用has。
10. used to be
解析:"过去穷但现在不穷"正是used to的典型语境,后接动词原形be。
五、拓展题(5道)答案解析
一、完形填空
1. has changed
解析:"since I left"(自从我离开)引导时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,表示从离开到现在发生的变化,主语It为单数,助动词用has。
2. were
解析:"When I was a child"为明确的过去时间状语,描述过去的状态,主语roads为复数,be动词用were。
3. used to
解析:描述过去常常步行或骑车去镇上,暗含现在不再这样,用used to表示"过去常常"。
4. were
解析:"at that time"为过去时间状语,描述过去存在的状态,supermarkets为复数,be动词用were。
5. has built
解析:强调"已经修建了"宽阔的道路和现代学校,是对现在造成的影响(现在已存在),用现在完成时,主语为单数,助动词用has。
6. have bought
解析:强调"已经买了"新车,是对现在造成的影响(现在拥有了新车),用现在完成时,主语families为复数,助动词用have。
7. haven't visited
解析:"for three years"表示持续三年,用现在完成时的否定形式,表示"三年没回去看望"。
8. decided
解析:"decide"表示"决定",是说话时已完成的动作,"next month"是将来的时间,但"决定"发生在过去(已做出决定),用一般过去时。亦可用have decided(强调已做出决定),两者在此均可。
9. will see
解析:"next month"为将来时间状语,表示"下个月将会看到",用一般将来时will see。
10. have lived
解析:"since 2018"为现在完成时的标志词,表示从2018年一直住到现在,主语为I,助动词用have。
二、句子翻译
11. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past five years.
解析:①"in the past five years"为现在完成时标志词;②take place为不及物动词短语,无被动语态;③主语Great changes为复数,助动词用have。
12. My grandpa used to take a walk after dinner.
解析:①"过去常常"用used to do结构;②"散步"译为take a walk;③"在晚饭后"译为after dinner。
13. —Have you ever been to Guizhou —Yes, I have been there twice.
解析:①"去过某地"表示经历,用have been to;②"ever"用于疑问句;③"两次"用twice,置于句末。
14. Since we built the new highway, traveling has become much easier.
解析:①"since"引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时built,主句用现在完成时has become;②"出行"作主语用动名词traveling;③"容易多了"用much easier。
15. She has been away from her hometown for three years.
解析:①"离开"leave为短暂性动词,不能与"for three years"连用,须换成延续性状态"be away";②"for three years"表示持续三年,用现在完成时。

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