资源简介

(共51张PPT)
现在完成时态
Chongqing, China
你个瓜娃子，又干哪样好事？
我。。。昨天不小心打破了。。。
I am so sorry.
I won’t forgive you. I will tell my teacher.
但是， 妈妈。我一直有认真做作业喔~
可以弥补我的罪过吗？
No way! 你应该去主动认错~
现在完成时态
目录
DIRECTORY
现在完成时态的定义
01
现在完成时态的结构
02
现在完成时态的用法
03
延续性动词与短暂性动词
04
05
现在完成时Vs一般过去时
定义
01
present(now)
future
past
现在完成时
( present perfect tense)
eg: The boy has broken the girl’s cup.
现在完成时态的定义
动作发生在过去，但强调现在杯子是坏的
present(now)
future
past
现在完成时
( present perfect tense)
eg: The boy has done his homework for a long time.
现在完成时态的定义
表示该动作从过去持续到现在，可能还会继续持续下去
What is The Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者过去的动作/状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
结构
02
We have learnt English since 2008.
Winter has come.
二、现在完成时的结构
主语
助动词have/has
+
动词的过去分词（done）
+
+
其它
1、基本结构：have/has done
I have heard from Jane. (变为否定句)
I haven’t heard from Jane.
He has come back.(变为否定句)
He hasn’t come back.
2、否定结构：have/hasn’t done
3、一般疑问句结构：Have/Has……done
Mary has been ill for three days.
变为一般疑问句。
They have lived here since they were born.
变为一般疑问句。
Has Mary been ill for three days
Yes, she has.
Have they lived here since they were born
No, they haven’t.
He has done his homework for 3 hours.
(对划线部分进行提问。)
How long has he done his homework
4、特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
注意：
规则动词的过去分词：
动词过去分词的构成
（1）绝大多数规则动词 +ed
（2）以字母e结尾的规则动词直接+d
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的规则动词改y为i + ed
(4)重读闭音节,以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母（w 和y除外）” 结尾的规则动词,双写结尾字母+ed
不规则动词的过去分词：
动词过去分词的构成
Type original p.t p.p
cut cut cut
hit(撞击) hit hit
cost cost cost
hurt hurt hurt
Put(放) put put
read read read
AAA
meet met met
keep kept kept
make made made
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
think thought thought
teach taught taught
tell told told
lend lent lent
spend spent spent
find found found
hear heard heard
build built built
Type original p.t p.p
ABB
Type original p.t p.p
begin began begun
sing sang sung
drink drank drunk
swim swam swum
speak spoke spoken
choose chose chosen
know knew known
forget forgot forgotten
break broke broken
drive drove driven
give gave given
eat ate eaten
write wrote written
ABC
写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词
1 become_______-________
2 break_______-_________
3 bring _______-________
4 build_______-_________
5 bite_______-_________
6 catch_______-_________
7 choose________-_______
8 cut________-__________
9 fall_______-__________
10 fly_______-__________
11 forget_______-_______
12 grow________-_______
13 hit______-______
14 hurt_____-______
15 keep_____-______
16 lend______-_____
17 lose______-______
18 meet_____-______
19 put______-______
20read______-_____
21 ring______-______
became become
broke broken
brought brought
built built
bit bit
caught caught
chose chosen
cut cut
fell fallen
flew flown
forgot forgotten
grew grown
hit hit
hurt hurt
kept kept
lent lent
lost lost
met met
put put
read read
rang rung
The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.
A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned
2. ---____the sports meeting might be put off.
---Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told
3. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes.
A have been B had been C was D will be
4. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B have met C met D meet
5. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation
-----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go .
A was planning B have planned
C had been planning D have been planning
现在完成时的结构总结
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
把have/has放在句首
have/hasn’t done
have/has done
基本结构
基本结构
否定结构
一般疑问句结构
特殊疑问句结构
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
把have/has放在句首
have/hasn’t done
have/has done
用法
03
1、过去经历
John, clean your teeth. please.
Mum, I have already cleaned them.
动作发生在过去，结束在过去，对现在造成了影响。
用法
03
B
A
We have seen the film.
我们看过那部电影了。
（意为已知道电影内容或者不需要再次观看了）
Lily has turned off the light.
丽丽（已经）把灯关上了。
（意为现在房间是黑的了）
常和副词already, yet, never, ever, before, just等连用。
标志词
意为“已经”，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
already
LOREM
疑问句中表“已经”，用在否定句中表“还”，常放在句末。
Have you found your lost pen yet
No, I haven’t found it yet.
I have already watched the TV play.
我已经看过这部电影了
1
意为“已经”，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
already
LOREM
疑问句中表“已经”，用在否定句中表“还”，常放在句末。
Have you found your lost pen yet
No, I haven’t found it yet.
I have already watched the TV play.
我已经看过这部电影了
2
just
“刚才”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间
He has just come back from Beijing.
3
ever
曾经，用在疑问句或否定句中，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Shanghai.
4
ever
never
“从不”，常放在助动词与过去分词之间 。
I have never been to the Great Wall.
4
before
“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制
I haven’t heard of it before.
---：Oh, boy, you look so tired.
---: Yes, I have so many homework. I have worked on it for 3 hours. However, the homework isn’t done.
2、过去持续
动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。常与表示时间段的状语连用。
B
A
They have lived here since 1989.
他们自从1989年以来就住在这儿。
I have been a middle school student for
over 2 years.
我做两年初中生了。
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
since , for 的用法:
For VS. since
Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years.
I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month.
My sister has had her cell phone ______a month .
My friends haven’t visited me ______few days ago.
We haven’t used our car _____ a long time .
She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____years.
Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.
for
since
for
since
for
for
since
动作发生在过去，结束在过去，对现在造成了影响。
.
从过去到现在某动作重复发生的次数。
.
动作发生在过去一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。
.
现在完成时态的用法总结
标志词
already Vs yet
for Vs since
延与非延
04
延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响
如：learn、live、know等
非延续性动词
也称终止性动词，瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，动作发生后立即结束
如：open、close、arrive等
常用相应的延续性动词have，keep或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）“ 来代替短暂性动词。
He died 10 years ago.
--- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.
--- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago.
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
--- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
之间的转化
延续性动词和瞬间性动词
四、延续性动词与短暂性动词习题
has been dead
has kept
has had
has been
has been on
区别
05
现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果、影响,一直延续到现在等）。
eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.
他已经买了一本英汉字典
（ 过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典。）
一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.
他曾买过一本英汉字典。
（ 只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。）
五、现在完成时Vs一般过去时
1、含义不同
now
future
一般过去时
现在完成时
常与一般过去时连用的典型的时间状语:
yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),
just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
for, since, recently, in the past few years,
recently, just, till now, so far等
五、现在完成时Vs一般过去时
2、时间状语不同
动 词 填 空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there
Have
cleaned
have done
did
do
did
Has
seen
did
see
saw
have
been
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
have read
has gone
did
go
went
have developed
gave
has given
五、现在完成时Vs一般过去时 总结
区别
两种时态
1
2
含义不同
时间状语不同
重要考点
06
辨析 have been to和 have gone to
have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来．
has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来．
My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.
他（已经）去了上海。
My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting.
他（曾经）去了上海。
She has been to China .
她（曾经）去过中国。（人已经回来了）
She has gone to China last week.
上周她去了上海 。（人可能回来了也可能没回来）
用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：
1.—Where is your brother
—He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — ______ you ever _________ to America
—Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____
—I _____________ London.
4. —David _____________Australia.
—I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here
—No, he __________ the school library. He left
five minutes ago.
has gone to
Have been to
have been to
have been
have been to
has gone to
has gone to
01
02
03
04
05
总结
定义
结构
用法
区别
延与非延
06
重要考点
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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