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沪教版（2024）八年级英语上册
Unit 1 Look it up!
Grammar · 不定代词（some / any 与复合不定代词）语法学案
班级 ________ 姓名 ________ 学号 ________ 日期 ________ 课型：语法课（1 课时）
一、学习目标 Learning Objectives
1. 能准确区分 some 与 any，并说出 3 种特殊情况；
2. 牢记复合不定代词两大铁律——单数动词、形容词后置，并能正确使用 something / anybody / nobody / everyone；
3. 能在中考语法填空、完形填空中识别不定代词考点并正确作答；
4. 能在写作中主动运用不定代词丰富表达。
二、考点透视 How the Exam Tests You
语法点 中考题型 高频陷阱
some / any 语法填空 · 完形 · 单选 Would you like some … （请求用 some ）
复合不定代词 语法填空 · 改错 主谓一致： Everything is … （不是 are ）
形容词后置 改错 · 完形 · 写作 something important （不是 important something ）
三、语法精讲 Grammar Focus
考点 1 some & any —— 一表看懂
句型 some any
肯定句 There is some milk in the fridge. 表 “ 任何 ” ： Any student can borrow the books.
否定句 — There isn't any milk left.
疑问句 请求 / 建议（期待对方说 Yes ）：
Would you like some tea 一般疑问句：
Is there any milk in the fridge
隐藏否定 — never / hardly / without / if 之后用 any ：
He hardly has any friends here.
口诀 肯定 some ，否定疑问 any ；请求建议 some 莫换； any 肯定句里表 “ 任何 ” ； never 、 hardly 把 any 挂。
考点 2 复合不定代词 —— 三族一家
词族 指物 / 指人 常用句型
some- something · somebody · someone 多用于肯定句；请求建议疑问句也用它
any- anything · anybody · anyone 否定句、疑问句；肯定句中表 “ 任何 ”
no- / every- nothing · nobody · no one
everything · everybody · everyone nobody = not anybody ； everyone = everybody
两大铁律（考试就考这两条）
① 单数动词：Everything is ready. Everybody was excited. Nobody knows the answer.
② 形容词 / 不定式 / else 必须后置：something new · anything interesting · nothing to do · anything else
③ 避免双重否定：I don't know anything. = I know nothing.（ I don't know nothing.）
④ 反意疑问句：Everybody is here, aren't they （用 they 代替）
考点 3 易混速辨
辨析 要点
no one / nobody 只指人，不接 of 短语： No one of us （ ） → None of us （ ）
some…others… “ 一些 …… 另一些 ……” ： Some dinosaurs ate plants, and others ate meat.
anything but “ 根本不是 ” （拓展）： He is anything but lazy. 他绝不懒。
四、即时操练 Quick Practice（10 分）
用 some / any / 复合不定代词填空，每空一词。
Would you like ________ more rice
There isn't ________ interesting in today's newspaper.
________ is impossible to a willing heart.（世上无难事，只怕有心人）
I have ________ new to share with you.
Does ________ know the answer Please put up your hand.
He is new here, so he hardly has ________ friends.
________ (be) everything ready for the picnic
I looked for my key everywhere, but I found ________.
You can take ________ book you like in the reading room.
Is there ________ else you want to say
五、语篇应用 · 直击中考 Reading & Cloze（20 分）
A．语法填空（中考题型 · 10 小题，每小题 1 分）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was (1)________ Italian painter, inventor and scientist. He was curious about almost (2)________ — art, music, maths and science. He always tried to find (3)________ new to learn, so he kept over sixty notebooks full of questions and drawings. Some of his (4)________ (idea) were hundreds of years ahead of his time, but people then could hardly understand (5)________ of them. Da Vinci (6)________ (die) in France in 1519 — long before the (7)________ (one) plane (8)________ (fly) into the sky. Today, (9)________ (million) of people visit museums to enjoy his works. His spirit still encourages us: never stop (10)________ (look) for answers, and you will find a bigger world.
B．完形填空（中考题型 · 10 小题，每小题 1 分）
阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Li Wei loves dinosaurs. When he was five, he got (1)______ encyclopaedia as a birthday gift and has read it many times since then. Last week, his class visited the Natural History Museum. "Is there (2)______ interesting there " he thought excitedly on the bus.
At the gate, the guide said, "If you have (3)______ about dinosaurs, just ask me." Soon the guide showed them (4)______ new — a model of Tyrannosaurus rex (霸王龙). It was so tall that (5)______ in the class said "Wow!"
"Some dinosaurs ate plants, but others ate (6)______," the guide said. "About 66 million years ago, they suddenly died (7)______. Scientists are still not sure what (8)______ then." Li Wei quickly wrote down (9)______ in his notebook so that he could look it up later. "An encyclopaedia can't tell me (10)______," he thought. "I want to be a scientist and find the answers myself!"
1. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3. A. some B. any C. much D. little 4. A. anything B. something C. somebody D. nobody
5. A. everybody B. anybody C. nobody D. one 6. A. meat B. water C. air D. grass
7. A. out B. away C. of D. down 8. A. happened B. invented C. followed D. missed
9. A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. new anything 10. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
六、写作应用 Writing with Grammar（10 分）
以下句型可直接用于人物介绍类作文，先朗读并圈出不定代词。
句型支架
① I'd like to tell you something great about Yuan Longping. （ something + 形容词后置）
② He never stopped looking for something new in the rice fields.
③ Is there anything special about him Yes — he devoted his whole life to farming.
④ Nobody in China doesn't know his name, and everybody remembers him.
任务 以 "A Great Person I Know" 为题写一段话（60–80 词），要求：① 至少使用 3 个不定代词；② 至少 1 处形容词后置；③ 用上 be born / die out / devote…to… 中的一个短语。首句已给出：I'd like to tell you something about a great person.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
词数自数：_______
七、单句改错 Find & Correct（8 分）
每句有一处错误，找出并在横线上写出正确形式。
原句（圈出错误） 改正
1. I have important something to tell you. ____________
2. Everything in the room are clean and tidy. ____________
3. Would you like any orange juice ____________
4. There isn't some milk in the fridge. ____________
5. Did you see somebody here just now ____________
6. Nobody don't know the answer to this question. ____________
7. Everybody in our class like reading. ____________
8. I don't know nothing about dinosaurs. ____________
八、当堂自检与分层作业 Self-check & Homework
□ 我能说出 some / any 的基本区别和 3 种特殊情况；
□ 我记住了两大铁律：单数动词、形容词后置；
□ 即时操练 10 题错误不超过 2 题；语法填空 + 完形 ≥ 15 分；
□ 我能在写作中主动使用不定代词。
层次 作业内容
基础作业 订正即时操练与改错题，把 8 道改错题按 “ 考点 1 / 考点 2” 归类并抄写正确句子。
提高作业 完成写作任务并誊写；用双色笔标出所有不定代词与后置形容词。
挑战作业 在百科全书或网上查找达 · 芬奇的另一项发明，用 3 个不定代词写 5 句话介绍它。
Look it up, and you will find something amazing. —— 查一查，总有意想不到的收获。
参考答案（教师用 · 学生作答后核对）
四、即时操练
1. some　2. anything　3. Nothing　4. something　5. anybody / anyone　6. any　7. Is　8. nothing　9. any　10. anything
五 A．语法填空
1. an（元音音素开头）　2. everything（almost 是肯定信号）　3. something（肯定句，new 后置）　4. ideas（some of + 复数）　5. any（hardly 隐藏否定）　6. died（与 was 并列的一般过去时）　7. first（序数词）　8. flew（一般过去时）　9. millions（millions of 固定短语）　10. looking（stop doing 停止做某事）
五 B．完形填空
1–5 B B B B A　　6–10 A A A B D
简析：2 一般疑问用 anything；3 if 从句用 any；4 肯定句 + 形容词后置用 something new；9 考形容词后置，something new ；10 “百科不能告诉我一切”用 everything。
七、单句改错
1. something important（形容词后置）　2. are → is（不定代词单数）　3. any → some（请求用 some）　4. some → any（否定句用 any）　5. somebody → anybody（疑问句用 any-）　6. don't know → knows / 去掉 don't（避免双重否定）　7. like → likes（everybody 单数）　8. nothing → anything（避免双重否定）

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