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新人教版九年级英语上册 · Unit 1 The Changing World · 教学讲义
新人教版九年级英语上册 Unit 1 The Changing World
单 元 教 学 讲 义（四课时）
单元总览
项目 内容
单元话题 我们身边的变化——家乡的变迁、交通与通信的发展、生态环境的改善（The changing world: hometown changes, the Mombasa–Nairobi Railway, the Saihanba forest）
功能意念 描述过去与现在的对比；叙述已经发生的变化及其影响
核心语法 ① used to 结构（过去常常……）　② 现在完成时（have/has done）与 for/since 时间段、have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析
重点词汇 sandstorm, rough, shortage, greenhouse, narrow, rapid, development, technology, benefit, environment, pollution, convenient, electric, attract, tourist, attraction, improve, communicate, achieve, actually
重点短语 take place, be covered with, benefit from, thanks to, with the development of, tons of, all over China, tourist attraction, cut down, play a part in, as a result, so far
情感目标 感受祖国发展成就，树立绿色发展理念，增强民族自信与文化自信
第 1 课时　Section A 第一课时　核心词汇与句型（1a—2d）
【学习目标】　能正确认读、拼写并运用本课时核心词汇（sandstorm, rough, shortage, greenhouse 等）及其拓展词； 掌握重点短语的含义与搭配，能在语境中准确选用； 初步感知 used to 结构表达“过去的习惯或状态”； 学会辨析 happen / take place / break out 等易混知识点。
一、核心词汇精讲
● sandstorm n. 沙尘暴
【构词法】sand（沙子）＋storm（暴风雨）→ 合成名词。
同类构词：snowstorm 暴风雪、thunderstorm 雷雨。
〔例〕 A terrible sandstorm hit the north of China last spring.　去年春天一场可怕的沙尘暴袭击了中国北部。
● rough adj. 粗糙的；艰难的；（道路）崎岖的
【一词多义】①（表面）粗糙的：The cloth feels rough. 这种布摸起来粗糙。
②（日子、处境）艰难的：They had a rough time in the past. 过去他们的日子很艰难。
③（旅程、道路）颠簸崎岖的：a rough mountain road 崎岖的山路。
〔例〕 The road used to be rough, but now it is wide and flat.　这条路过去很崎岖，现在又宽又平。
● shortage n. 不足；短缺
【构词法】short（短缺的）＋-age（名词后缀）→ shortage。
常见搭配：a water shortage 水资源短缺；food shortages 食品短缺。
〔例〕 There was a serious shortage of water in my hometown in the past.　过去我的家乡严重缺水。
● greenhouse n. 温室；暖房
【搭配】the greenhouse effect 温室效应（环保话题高频短语）。
〔例〕 The greenhouse effect makes the earth warmer and warmer.　温室效应使地球越来越暖。
● narrow adj. 狭窄的　v. （使）变窄
【形→动】narrow 本身可作动词：The river narrows at this point. 河道在此处变窄。
【反义词】wide 宽阔的。
〔例〕 The streets in the old town used to be narrow and crowded.　老城的街道过去又窄又挤。
● rapid adj. 快速的；迅速的
【辨析】rapid 多指运动本身速度快，较正式，常与 development, growth, change 连用；fast 常指人或物体运动速度快；quick 指动作短促、迅速。
〔例〕 With the rapid development of the city, great changes have taken place here.　随着城市的快速发展，这里发生了巨大的变化。
● benefit v. 使受益；得益于　n. 好处，益处
【一词两性】① v. 使受益：The new railway benefits local people. ② v. 得益于（benefit from）：We benefit a lot from the new technology. ③ n. 益处（be of great benefit to…）。
【拓展】beneficial adj. 有益的。
〔例〕 Thousands of tourists benefit from the convenient transportation every year.　每年成千上万的游客受益于便利的交通。
● convenient adj. 便利的；方便的
【易错】convenient 不能以“人”作主语，必须用 it 作形式主语或以物作主语：It is convenient for me to get to school. 　I am convenient… 。
〔例〕 It is very convenient for people to pay with their mobile phones now.　现在人们用手机支付非常方便。
● improve v. 改进；改善；提高
【搭配】improve the environment 改善环境；improve oneself 提高自己；improve one's English 提高英语水平。
【辨析】improve 指使原有基础变得更好；raise 多指提高水平、价格、声音等具体事物；increase 指数量上的增加。
〔例〕 The government has done a lot to improve the air quality.　政府已采取许多措施改善空气质量。
● achieve v. 实现；达到；完成
【拓展】achievement n. 成就；成绩。
【辨析】achieve 的宾语常为 dream, goal, success, ambition（主语是人）；come true 的主语是 dream, hope 等（无被动）。
〔例〕 China has achieved great success in green development.　中国在绿色发展方面已经取得了巨大成功。
二、重点短语集萃
短语 含义 例句 / 用法提示
be worried about 担心…… 后接名词或代词；worry about 同义
in the past 在过去 常与一般过去时连用，是判断时态的重要标志
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 暗含“现在不再如此”，详见第二课时语法精讲
cut down 砍倒；削减 cut down the trees 砍树；cut down the price 降价
play a part in 在……中起作用 / 参与 后接名词、代词或动名词 doing
so far 到目前为止 现在完成时的标志性时间状语
as a result 结果；因此 副词短语，可置于句首（后加逗号）或句中
三、核心句型精讲
◆ 句型 1　There used to be … 过去曾有……
本句型是 there be 句型与 used to 的结合，表示“过去存在（而现在不存在）的某物”。be 动词用原形 be，随后的名词无论是单数还是复数都不影响 be 的形式。这是描写家乡变迁类作文的黄金句型。
There used to be an old temple at the foot of the mountain, but now a modern museum stands there.
　 山脚下过去有一座古庙，但现在那里矗立着一座现代化的博物馆。
◆ 句型 2　With the development of … 随着……的发展
with 复合结构作状语，是议论文、说明文最常用的开头句式之一。development 前一般加 the；类似的还有 with the help of…（在……的帮助下）、with the growth of…（随着……的增长）。注意：本句型不是从句，不能用 with 后直接接句子。
With the development of science and technology, our lives have changed a lot.
　 随着科技的发展，我们的生活发生了很大变化。
◆ 句型 3　It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。当形容词描述事物的性质（easy, difficult, important, convenient, possible 等）时用 for；当形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, clever, polite 等）时用 of。这是中考单选与写作的高频考点。
It is important for us to protect the environment. / It was kind of you to help me.
　 对我们来说保护环境很重要。／你帮我真是太好了。
四、易混知识点辨析
◆ 辨析 1　happen / take place / break out
词组 含义侧重 用法特点 经典例句
happen 偶然、突发事件 不及物，无被动；happen to sb. 某人出了事 An accident happened to him yesterday.
take place 有计划、按安排发生；变化类 不及物，无被动；多指变化、改革、会议等 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
break out （战争、火灾、疫病）爆发 不及物，无被动 A fire broke out in the factory last night.
【易错警示】三者均无被动语态，故“变化发生了”不能说 Great changes have been taken place。 应为 Great changes have taken place.
◆ 辨析 2　a number of / the number of
短语 含义 谓语动词 例句
a number of 许多、大量（修饰可数名词复数） 复数 A number of tourists visit the Great Wall every year.
the number of ……的数量（of 短语作主语） 单数 The number of the tourists is increasing.
【解题口诀】a number of 许多谓复数；the number of 数量谓单数。
五、即时演练
◆ 即时演练（课上完成，答案见文末附录）
It is very c____________ for us to travel around the city by subway now.
With the r____________ development of the Internet, people can shop online easily.
Great changes have t____________ place in our hometown over the years.
A number of students ______ (be) interested in the changes of their hometown.
汉译英：过去山脚下有一棵老树。________________________________
第 2 课时　Section A 第二课时　
语法精讲：used to 与现在完成时（Grammar Focus）
【学习目标】　熟练掌握 used to 的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及反意疑问句； 准确区分 used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 三个易混结构； 掌握现在完成时的构成、时间标志词及 have been to / have gone to / have been in 的辨析； 学会短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换，正确使用 for / since。
▍一、used to 结构全解
◆ 1. 基本含义与句型转换
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，只有过去时形式，暗含今昔对比。其后的动词用原形。
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 He used to walk to school.
否定句 主语 + didn't use to / used not to + 动词原形 He didn't use to walk to school.（美式常用 didn't use to）
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 Did you use to live in the countryside
反意疑问句 …, didn't + 主语 / usedn't + 主语 There used to be a river here, didn't there
【易错警示】① 变否定/疑问时用 didn't use to、Did…use to，注意 use 用原形（不是 used）；② used to 的反意疑问句用 didn't（或 usedn't）；③ There used to be… 的反意疑问句尾用 didn't there。
◆ 2. 三大易混结构辨析（本单元核心考点）
结构 含义 to 的词性 例句
used to do 过去常常做（现在不做了） 不定式符号，后接动词原形 She used to get up early.
be used to doing 习惯于做（现在） 介词，后接动名词 She is used to getting up early.
be used to do 被用来做（被动） 不定式符号，表目的 Wood is used to make paper.
be used for (doing) 被用于（做）…… 介词短语 Bikes are used for exercising.
【记忆锦囊】看 to 后面的词判断结构：to 后是动词原形→“过去常常”或“被用来”；to 后是动名词→“习惯于”。再由主语与语境判断主动还是被动。
My grandfather used to live in the countryside, but now he is used to living in the city.
　 我爷爷过去住在乡下，但现在他已经习惯住在城市了。（一句话同时考查两个结构）
二、现在完成时精讲
◆ 1. 构成与两大用法
构成：have/has + 过去分词（第三人称单数用 has）。用法①：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；用法②：表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在（常与 for、since 引导的时间段连用）。
◆ 2. 时间标志词（解题“信号灯”）
标志词 含义 位置特点
already 已经 用于肯定句，常置于 have 与过去分词之间
yet 还；已经 用于否定句和疑问句，句末
just 刚刚 置于 have 与过去分词之间
ever / never 曾经 / 从未 置于 have 与过去分词之间
recently / so far / in the last/past few years 近来；到目前为止；近几年来 句首或句末
for + 时间段 / since + 时间点 长达…… / 自从…… 句末
【易错警示】already 用于疑问句时表示“惊讶”，如：Have you finished it already 你这就做完了？（表惊讶），此时不能改用 yet。
◆ 3. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析（中考必考）
结构 含义 人现在在哪里 例句
have/has been to 去过（已回来） 说话地 I have been to Beijing twice.
have/has gone to 去了（未回来） 目的地 He has gone to Beijing.（他仍在路上或已到北京）
have/has been in 一直待在某地 某地 She has been in Beijing for ten years.
—Where is Mr. Wang 　—He has gone to Shanghai on business. He has been there three times.
　 ——王老师在哪里？——他去上海出差了。他曾去过那里三次。
◆ 4. for 与 since 的区别
词 用法 例句
for for + 时间段（two years, a long time） We have lived here for ten years.
since ① since + 时间点（2020, last year）② since + 一段时间 + ago ③ since + 从句（一般过去时） He has taught here since 2015. / since ten years ago. / since he came here.
【同义句转换】“他来这里十年了”三种表达：He has been here for ten years. / He has been here since ten years ago. / It is (has been) ten years since he came here. 注意第三种句型 since 从句用一般过去时。
◆ 5. 短暂性动词 → 延续性动词转换表
当现在完成时与 for / since 引导的时间段连用时，谓语动词必须用延续性动词或状态动词。短暂性动词不能与时间段连用，需转换为对应的延续性表达。
短暂性动词（不可与时间段连用） 延续性表达（可与时间段连用）
buy / borrow keep（have kept… for two weeks）
die be dead（has been dead for three years）
leave be away（from）（has been away for a week）
join the Party / the army be in the Party / be a Party member / be a soldier
come / arrive / get to be in / be at / stay
begin / start be on（The film has been on for ten minutes.）
finish / end be over
get married be married（to）
fall asleep be asleep
【易错警示】“他的爷爷已经去世五年了。” His grandpa has died for five years. His grandpa has been dead for five years. / His grandpa died five years ago.
◆ 6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分
时态 时间标志 语义侧重 例句
现在完成时 already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, since, for, in the past few years 强调对现在的影响或从过去持续至今 I have seen the film.（现在知道内容）
一般过去时 yesterday, ago, last year, in 2015, just now 只陈述过去的事，与现在无关 I saw the film last week.
【判断技巧】in the past few years（近几年来）＝ in the last few years，虽含 past/last，但表示“从过去持续到现在”，必须用现在完成时；而 in the past（在过去）用一般过去时。这是命题人最爱设置陷阱的地方。
三、即时演练
◆ 即时演练（课上完成，答案见文末附录）
1. My mother ______ (use) to watch TV after supper, but now she is used to ______ (take) a walk.
2. —______ you ever ______ (see) the film 　—Yes, I have. I ______ (see) it last weekend.
3. His father has ______ (gone / been) to London on business. He'll be back next week.（选词）
4. The Greens have lived in China ______ ten years ago.（填 for / since）
5. The film ______ (begin) ten minutes ago. It ______ (be) on for ten minutes.
6. There used to be a small village here, ______ ______ （完成反意疑问句）
第 3 课时　Section B 第一课时　重点短语精讲与阅读长难句分析（1a—2e）
【学习目标】　熟练掌握 Section B 重点短语的含义、搭配与语境用法； 学会分析含宾语从句、定语从句的阅读长难句； 掌握“今昔对比”类阅读文章的结构特点与解题策略。
一、重点短语精讲
◆ 1. take place 发生；举行
多指变化、会议、婚礼等按计划或必然发生的事情，无被动语态。写作中描写家乡变化的首选句式：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（注意 changes 作主语时谓语用复数，且与现在完成时连用。）
◆ 2. be covered with / by … 被……覆盖
cover…with… 用……覆盖……（主动）；be covered with… 被……覆盖（状态，强调覆盖物）。with 后接覆盖物本身（snow, trees, grass）；by 多接动作执行者。描写塞罕坝沙漠变林海的核心句式。
In the past, the mountains were covered with sand. Now they are covered with green trees.
　 过去这些山被沙子覆盖，如今已被绿树覆盖。（同一句式写今昔，对比强烈，是写作加分句）
◆ 3. benefit from … 从……中受益
benefit from/by sth. 从某事物中受益；sth. benefits sb. 某物使某人受益（主动表被动含义）。名词形式：benefit（好处），形容词：beneficial（有益的），be beneficial to… 对……有益。
Local people have benefited a lot from the new railway.
　 当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。
◆ 4. thanks to 多亏；由于
【辨析】thanks to 多亏、幸亏（含感激色彩，褒义为主）；because of 因为（客观原因）；because + 从句；thanks for (doing) sth. 为某事而感谢。thanks to 与 with the help of 意思接近。
Thanks to the government's efforts, the environment is getting better and better.
　 多亏了政府的努力，环境正变得越来越好。
◆ 5. with the development of … 随着……的发展
第二课时已详细讲解。此处补充写作高级替换：with the rapid development of…（随着……的快速发展）、with the progress of…（随着……的进步），用于作文首句可提升档次。
◆ 6. tons of / millions of 等约量词
【归纳】tons of 大量的（修饰可数/不可数均可）；millions of 数百万的；thousands of 数千的；hundreds of 数百的。注意：前面有具体数字时，hundred/thousand/million 用单数且不加 of：two thousand people 两千人。
◆ 7. tourist attraction 旅游景点
attraction 为动词 attract（吸引）的名词形式：attract sb. to sp. 把某人吸引到某地；a tourist attraction = a place of interest 旅游景点。拓展：attractive adj. 吸引人的。
◆ 8. communicate with … 与……交流
communicate v. 交流 → communication n. 交流、通讯。在“通讯方式变迁”话题中高频出现。communicate with sb. about sth. 就某事与某人交流。
In the past, people communicated with each other by letter. Now they keep in touch on the Internet.
　 过去人们靠书信交流，现在他们在网上保持联系。
二、课文长难句分析
◆ 长难句 1（蒙内铁路）
The railway, which connects Mombasa with Nairobi, has greatly changed the way people travel in Kenya.
　 这条连接蒙巴萨与内罗毕的铁路，极大地改变了肯尼亚人的出行方式。
【结构剖析】主句为 The railway has greatly changed…；which connects Mombasa with Nairobi 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the railway；people travel in Kenya 为省略 that/which 的定语从句，修饰 the way（先行词是 the way 时，关系词常用 that/in which 或省略）。connect…with… 把……与……连接起来。
◆ 长难句 2（塞罕坝）
It took the workers more than fifty years to turn the desert into a big green forest.
　 工人们花了五十多年的时间把这片沙漠变成了一个巨大的绿色森林。
【句型】It takes/took sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事（it 作形式主语）。【拓展】spend 的用法：sb. spends + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing / on sth.；pay 的用法：sb. pays + 金钱 + for sth.；cost 的用法：sth. costs sb. + 金钱。四种“花费”的辨析是中考必考点。turn…into… 把……变成……。
◆ 长难句 3
Not only the roads but also the trains have made it much easier for people to travel around.
　 不仅公路，火车也让人们的出行方便得多。
【考点】① not only…but also… 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，故用 have；② made it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。这两个考点常在同一题中捆绑考查。
三、阅读策略：今昔对比类文章的解法
本单元阅读（家乡变迁、蒙内铁路、塞罕坝）均属“变化对比”类语篇，其典型结构为：过去的状况（In the past…）→ 转折点（With the development of… / Thanks to…）→ 现在的状况（Now… / So far…）→ 未来展望（In the future… / I believe…）。
【解题三步法】① 抓时间标志词定位“过去段”与“现在段”；② 对比处常设置细节题，答案多在转折词（but, however, while）之后；③ 主旨题答案常由“过去—现在”的对比共性提炼，如 changes, development, a better life。
四、即时演练
◆ 即时演练（课上完成，答案见文末附录）
1. 填空：The mountain ______ ______ ______ (cover) green trees now, but it used to be a desert.
2. 选词：____________ (Thanks to / Thanks for) your help, I passed the exam easily.
3. 句型转换：People spent two years building the railway.（改为同义句）It ______ ______ two years ______ ______ the railway.
4. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ (have) watched the film about Saihanba.
5. 汉译英：随着互联网的发展，人们之间的交流方式发生了巨大变化。
__________________________________________________________________________
第 4 课时　Section B 第二课时　
核心句型总结、易错点集锦与书面表达（3a—Self Check）
【学习目标】　系统归纳本单元核心句型并熟练运用于写作； 厘清本单元十大易错点，规避中考高频失分陷阱； 掌握“变化类”书面表达的写作框架、连接词与升级句式。
一、核心句型归纳（写作素材库）
句型 功能 范文例句
There used to be … 描写过去的景象 There used to be many old houses here.
… used to …, but now … 今昔对比总起句 People used to write letters, but now they use WeChat.
Great changes have taken place in … 总述变化 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
With the (rapid) development of … 交代原因/背景 With the development of technology, life is much easier.
Thanks to …, … 表达因果（褒义） Thanks to the green project, the air is much cleaner.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 评价事物 It is convenient for us to travel by high-speed train.
… have/has done … since/for … 持续至今的变化 The city has built three parks since 2020.
I believe … will become … 未来展望结尾 I believe my hometown will become more and more beautiful.
二、易错点集锦（考前必读）
序号 易错点 正误对照
1 take place / happen 无被动 have been taken place　 have taken place
2 used to 否定式 didn't used to　 didn't use to
3 be used to doing 表“习惯于” is used to live　 is used to living
4 convenient 不能以人作主语 I am convenient to…　 It is convenient for me to…
5 already 与 yet 的位置 already 居中（肯定句）；yet 句末（否定/疑问句）
6 have been to / gone to 混用 人已回来用 been to；未回来用 gone to
7 短暂性动词与时间段连用 has died for 3 years　 has been dead for 3 years
8 in the past / in the past few years in the past→过去时；in the past few years→现在完成时
9 a number of / the number of 主谓一致 a number of + 复数动词；the number of + 单数动词
10 not only…but also 就近原则 Not only you but also he ___ (is/are) right. → is
三、书面表达指导：Changes in My Hometown
◆ 1. 审题与框架
段落 内容要点 推荐句式
开头 总述家乡巨变 Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the years.
主体① 过去的环境/生活 In the past, the roads used to be narrow… There used to be…
主体② 现在的变化（环境、交通、生活） Now, … With the development of…, It is convenient for…
主体③ 变化的原因 Thanks to the government's efforts, …
结尾 感受与展望 I'm proud of my hometown. I believe it will…
◆ 2. 高分连接词与升级表达
① 对比连接：in the past / in the beginning now / at present / nowadays；② 递进：what's more, besides, not only…but also…；③ 因果：thanks to, as a result, because of；④ 总结：in a word, all in all。升级示例：把 Now the roads are wide. 升级为 Now, wide and clean roads have taken the place of the narrow ones.（take the place of 代替）
◆ 3. 参考范文与点评
Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.
In the past, the roads used to be narrow and rough, and there used to be low old houses on both sides of the street. People traveled around by bike or on foot, and it often took them a long time to get to the town. Worse still, the river was seriously polluted and few visitors came here.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of our city, tall buildings have taken the place of the old houses. Wide roads connect every village, and it is very convenient for people to travel by bus or car. Thanks to the government's efforts, the river is clean again, and the mountains are covered with green trees. My hometown has become a popular tourist attraction, attracting thousands of visitors every year.
I'm proud of my hometown, and I believe it will become more and more beautiful in the future.
【点评】① 结构完整：总—分—总，今昔对比清晰；② 语法覆盖面广：used to、there used to be、现在完成时、it 作形式主语、be covered with、thanks to 全部用上；③ 亮点表达：worse still（更糟的是）、take the place of、a popular tourist attraction、attract thousands of visitors；④ 高级句式与过渡词自然衔接，符合赛课、中考一类文标准。
四、单元知识网络（思维导图式总结）
板块 核心内容
词汇链 change → development → environment → pollution → improve → benefit → convenient → tourist attraction
语法链 used to do（过去常常）＋ 现在完成时（for/since、been to/gone to/been in、延续性动词转换）
短语链 take place / be covered with / benefit from / thanks to / with the development of / so far / play a part in
句型链 There used to be… / It is + adj. + for sb. to do / Not only…but also…（就近原则）
话题链 家乡变迁 → 蒙内铁路（一带一路）→ 塞罕坝（生态文明）→ 绿色发展理念
五、即时演练
◆ 即时演练（课上完成，答案见文末附录）
1. 用本单元句型改写：My hometown has changed greatly in the past few years.（改为同义句，用 take place）
________________________________
2. 翻译：多亏了塞罕坝人的努力，沙漠已经变成了森林。（turn…into…）
________________________________
3. 写作练笔：用 There used to be… 和 but now… 各写一句话，描述你身边的一个变化。
附录　即时演练参考答案与解析
◆ 第一课时即时演练答案
1. convenient（It is convenient for sb. to do sth.）
2. rapid（with the rapid development of… 随着……的快速发展）
3. taken（take place 无被动；由 have 可知用现在完成时，take 的过去分词为 taken）
4. are（a number of… 作主语，谓语动词用复数）
5. There used to be an old tree at the foot of the mountain.
◆ 第二课时即时演练答案
1. used; taking（used to do 过去常常做；be used to doing 习惯于做）
2. Have; seen; saw（第一空现在完成时；last weekend 决定第二句用一般过去时）
3. gone（由 He'll be back next week 可知人未回来，用 has gone to）
4. since（ten years ago 为时间点，用 since）
5. began; has been（ago 用过去时；for ten minutes 与 be on 连用，on 是延续性的）
6. didn't; there（There used to be… 的反意疑问句用 didn't there）
◆ 第三课时即时演练答案
1. is covered with（be covered with… 被……覆盖；主语 the mountain 为单数）
2. Thanks to（多亏了你的帮助，含感激色彩；Thanks for 后应直接接名词/动名词表感谢）
3. took people; to build（It took sb. + 时间 + to do sth.；原句为过去时）
4. has（not only…but also… 连接并列主语，谓语遵循就近原则，靠近的是 their teacher 单数）
5. With the development of the Internet, the ways people communicate (with each other) have changed a lot / greatly.
◆ 第四课时即时演练答案
1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
2. Thanks to the Saihanba workers' efforts, the desert has been turned into a forest. / …the workers have turned the desert into a forest.
3. 示例：There used to be a small shop near my home, but now a big supermarket stands there.
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